Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of lysozyme on the growth of several strains of mycobacteria was examined at pH 5.0-7.0 in Dubos medium containing various concentrations of lysozyme (100-2,000 microgram/ml). Mycobacterium smegmatis and M. phlei were susceptible to lysozyme at pH 5.0-7.0. The effect of lysozyme was marked between pH 6.0 and 7.0 and the colony counts were reduced to approximately 0.1-10% after incubation with 100 micrograms of lysozyme per ml for 48 hr. At pH 5.0, 10-40% of the organisms survived treatment with 1,000 micrograms of lysozyme per ml for 48 hr. M. bovis strain BCG, M. tuberculosis, and M. fortuitum appeared to be more resistant to lysozyme than M. smegmatis and M. phlei. M. smegmatis and M. phlei did not contain detectable amounts of poly-L-glutamic acid, although the susceptibility of the mycobacteria to lysozyme did not correlate with the amounts of the polymer in the cell walls. The role of lysozyme in animal infections with so-called saprophytic mycobacteria is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of lysozyme on mycobacteria. 616 48

Human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood responded with increased thromboplastin expression upon stimulation in vitro with three mycobacterial antigens: tuberculin purified protein derivative and sonicates of Mycobacterium boviS BCG and Mycobacterium leprae. The stimulating principle of mycobacteria is probably a cell wall constituent since crude extracts of cell walls were 2.5 to 25 times more potent in stimulating thromboplastin synthesis than were whole sonicates. This thromboplastin response was inhibited by inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis, dexamethasone, and agents that caused elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP. The presence of lymphocytes did not enhance the monocyte thromboplastin response significantly during the first 24 h of incubation. For M. bovis BCG and M. leprae sonicates, the thromboplastin response correlated with general activating effects measured by determining the release of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase. The role of thromboplastin in chronic inflammatory reactions is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of purified protein derivative and sonicates of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium bovis BCG on thromboplastin response in human monocytes in vitro. 618 26

Hydrosoluble substances from BCG were prepared by cold water extraction and by hot phenol-water extraction. Chemical analyses revealed that both of them were derived from cytoplasm. The cold water extract (CWE) was effective in the treatment of C3H/He mice which had received an intraperitoneal inoculation of a syngeneic ascites hepatoma, MH134. The growth of a graft in footpad of mastocytoma P815 in CDF1 mice was retarded by intraperitoneal injections of CWE. A peptidoglycan from cell wall prepared by digestion with lysozyme exerted no antitumor activity in the same experimental condition as for the evaluation of antitumor effect of CWE. These results indicate that the antitumor activity of CWE was not due to the presence of a cell wall component.
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PMID:Chemical analyses and antitumor activity of hydrosoluble substances from Mycobacterium bovis, strain BCG. 619 9

A study has been made on mycobacterial-induced granulomas in guinea-pig lymph nodes. Lysozyme and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were measured in the auricular lymph nodes and serum of guinea-pigs which had received live BCG (Pasteur) or Cobalt (Co)-irradiated armadillo-derived Mycobacterium leprae intradermally into the ear or dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) painted epicutaneously upon the ears. In the lymph nodes with granulomas induced by either live BCG or killed M. leprae, the mean concentrations of lysozyme and ACE varied directly with the mean weight of the lymph nodes but the temporal pattern of weight change differed with the two agents. In M. leprae recipients at the time of peak lymph node weight, serum lysozyme and ACE values were significantly greater than those observed in controls; in animals receiving live BCG (Pasteur), serum lysozyme but not ACE values were elevated significantly at the time of peak lymph node weight. Four days following the epicutaneous application of DNFB, where there was no granuloma, there was a similar increase in the concentration of lysozyme and ACE in the lymph nodes. At the same time, there was also significant elevation in the serum lysozyme and ACE concentrations. Thus, in the granulomatous responses, the parallel tissue and serum changes in lysozyme and ACE concentrations were consistent with increased production and secretion of each enzyme by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte series. The increased lysozyme and ACE concentrations found in the lymph nodes of DNFB sensitised animals gives further evidence that such changes are not unique to granulomas. Finally, the intradermal administration of dead M. leprae in guinea pigs also produced increased lysozyme and ACE levels similar to that found in leprosy in man.
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PMID:Lysozyme and angiotensin converting enzyme levels in experimental mycobacterial granulomas. 629 93

67 patients with mammary carcinoma were submitted to an immunological control examination. This control comprised 14 tests which determined the efficacy of the immune systems, among others: activity of complement, properdin, lysozyme, and beta-lysin, the rate of immunoglobulins, and the behavior of leucergy, rosette tests, NBT, BLT, and tuberculin test. The thoroughly executed examinations did not show any significant difference between patients with active neoplasms and patients in remission stage. The analysis of the results achieved for patients in an advanced stage (TNM) only showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) of IgG in stage III/IV. The patients were treated with CVF, levamisole (Decaris), and BCG. The observation period was twelve months. The results achieved were discussed in detail.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the efficiency of the immune system after immunostimulation in patients with breast cancer]. 641 41

General immunobiologic studies in cancer patients have stressed measurements of lymphocyte function and have commonly ignored the monocyte-macrophage system. A preliminary study of peripheral blood monocyte-macrophage function was undertaken in a group of 90 cancer patients (18 breast, 32 colon, 13 head and neck, 9 lung, and 18 melanoma) and 70 controls. Studies included enumeration of extractible monocytes (EM), quantitation of differentiation into macrophages (macrophage precursor test: MP), evaluation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and spontaneous cellular cytotoxicity (SCC) as measured with human erythrocytes, and measurements of monocyte and serum lysozyme activity. Breast cancer patients had normal profiles. Colon cancer patients showed the most profound abnormalities with decreased EM and MP and increased ADCC and SCC. Patients with Stage I and Stage II melanoma had normal profiles, whereas those with advanced melanoma had significantly decreased MP. This defect was restored in two patients by BCG immunotherapy. Head and neck cancer and benign breast disease patients had decreased EM, whereas patients with lung cancer had increased EM. Monocyte lysozyme production was unchanged in the cancer patients compared to controls. Serum lysozyme levels, however, were significantly increased in patients with cancers of the colon, head and neck, and lung. Although patients with localized breast cancer and melanoma had normal levels, these were increased in both patient groups with advanced disease. It would appear that the source of the increased serum lysozyme is probably not the peripheral blood monocytes, but could have originated in the intra-tumoral or tissue-bound macrophages which were not examined. Selected assays of peripheral blood monocyte function were deranged in certain types of cancer patients but were fully normal in others, and did not show consistent correlations with tumor type or stage. Tissue-bound or intra-tumoral macrophages might provide a more fruitful area for study in these disease categories.
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PMID:Monocyte dysfunction in human cancer. 682 39

The effects of active nonspecific immunotherapy were studied in 42 patients receiving daily iv Corynebacterium parvum at 2 mg/m2 in 14-day courses and in 14 patients receiving iv methanol extraction residue of BCG (MER) at 0.5 mg/m2 weekly. The host defense evaluations included measurement of the number of adherent macrophage precursors per milliliter of blood (monocyte adherence), serum lysozyme, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to chicken red blood cells (CRBC) or human red blood cells (HRBC). During a single course of C. parvum, monocyte adherence did not rise significantly, whereas ADCC of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to CRBC and HRBC rose significantly (15.7-49.9% and 34.8-53.5% lysis of target cells, respectively). However, after a mean of 4.5 months on therapy, monocyte adherence increased an average of 7.5-fold. During weekly MER therapy, monocyte adherence, serum lysozyme, and ADCC of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to CRBC rose significantly within 4-7 days after the first dose (3.8-8.7 adherent cells/ml blood x 10(4), 7.6-10.8 microgram, and 34.4-41.4% target cell lysis, respectively). The host defense parameter, which was subnormal in the cancer patients (monocyte adherence), was boosted into the normal range in all the deficient patients by iv MER. The host defense parameters, which were normal or slightly elevated in the patients before therapy (serum lysozyme and ADCC of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to CRBC and HRBC), were hyperactivated above the upper limit of the normal range in 71.4, 71.4, and 50% of the patients, respectively, by iv MER. These methods can quantitatively reflect activation of monocytes and killer cells by C. parvum and MER and may be useful for evaluation and quantitation of both active nonspecific and immunorestorative immunotherapy in general.
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PMID:Effect of immunotherapy with Corynebacterium parvum and methanol extraction residue of BCG administered intravenously on host defense function in cancer patients. 694 Oct 48

Three Nocardia products: delipidated cells, lysozyme digest and Nocardia Water Soluble Mitogen (NW SM), have been assayed in regression experiments and compared with living BCG and killed C. parvum in rat and mouse fibrosarcomas transplanted intradermally. Intratumor injection of these Nocardia products induced regression in the BCG sensitive McFiFi2 (S) tumor. These substances were active at a dose of 1 mg, the lysozyme extract and NW SM also being active at 0.1 mg. Association with mineral or vegetable oil increased the efficiency of delipidated cells, and under these conditions, regression of tumors implanted contralaterally to treated tumors was also obtained.
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PMID:Antitumor activity of intralesionally administered Nocardia opaca preparations in rat and mouse tumors: a comparison with BCG and Corynebacterium parvum. 702 34

BCG infection of mice provides a convenient model to study natural and cellular immunity to mycobacteria and the mechanisms of granuloma formation and repair. We have used a range of macrophage (M phi) membrane molecules and secretory products to investigate resident M phi-pathogen interactions and T lymphocyte-dependent recruitment and activation of M phi in different tissues of immature, normal adult and gamma interferon deficient animals. In situ hybridization (ISH), RT-PCR and immunocytochemical analysis of M phi gene and product expression have been correlated with in vitro study of endocytic and secretory activity in which biogel polyacrylamide bead-elicited peritoneal M phi are exposed to Th1 and Th2 cytokines, LPS, BCG and other stimuli. The role of resident and newly recruited M phi responding to BCG in liver, spleen, lung and brain has been defined by means of antigen markers expressed by M phi (F4/80, 7/4, CR3, macrosialin, sialoadhesin and scavenger receptor) and/or T and B lymphoid cells (MHC Class II, CD4, CD8, B220). Heterogeneity in M phi secretory activity was revealed by ISH analysis of lysozyme, TNF-alpha, IL-1 IL-6 and MCP-1, by in vitro assay of NO and superoxide anion production, and by RT-PCR studies of Th1 (interferon gamma) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-13, IL-10) lymphokine mRNA in tissues. Our studies confirm the importance of interferon gamma as a critical mediator of host resistance to mycobacterial infection and raise intriguing questions in regard to T cell and M phi functional heterogeneity in distinct tissue microenvironments.
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PMID:BCG-induced granuloma formation in murine tissues. 771 50

The defence factors against infection in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were measured. As the defence factors, lactoferrin, lysozyme and secretory IgA (sIgA) in sputum or BALF of patients with bacilli (+) or (-) tuberculosis were measured and compared. Lactoferrin in sputum was significantly higher in patients with sputum smear positive tuberculosis compared with patients with smear and culture negative tuberculosis. SIgA in sputum was significantly higher in smear negative and culture positive cases compared with culture negative cases. As to the lysozyme in sputum, significant difference was not proved between each group. The level of these factors in BALF did not show significant difference between bacilli (+) and (-) cases. Neither significant correlation was observed among the level of three defence factors in sputum or BALF, nor between the number of leucocyte and tubercle bacilli in sputum. In tubercle bacilli positive group, however, significant positive correlation between the number of leucocyte and lactoferrin in sputum was found. In vitro experiments, high concentration of lactoferrin or lysozyme inhibited the growth of standard strain of tubercle bacilli (H37Rv) and BCG. The results suggest that the measurement of lactoferrin, lysozyme and sIgA in sputum or BALF is useful to determine the clinical activity of tuberculosis.
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PMID:[Tubercle bacilli and the defence factors for infection in sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid]. 784 30


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