Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gram-negative bacterial pneumonias have been increasingly important as nosocomial infections. The following model was developed to study the pathogenesis and evaluate therapy of such infections. Intranasal instillation of rats with a suspension of 5 x 10(6) Klebsiella pneumoniae caused bronchopneumonia with 24 h. Bacteria were isolated from the lungs in large numbers (greater than 10(5) colony-forming units [CFU] for at least 13 days after inoculation. Thereafter, the viable concentration decreased to about 10(3) CFU at 21 days but increased to 10(4) CFU at 25 days. Mortality rarely exceeded 25%. Plasma zinc concentration decreased, and plasma seromucoid, lysozyme, and alpha2-macrofetoprotein increased during respiratory K. pneumoniae infection in rats. There seemed to be a linear relationship between seromucoid concentration and the concentration of K. pneumoniae in the lung expressed in log10 units. Plasma zinc, alpha2-macrofetoprtoein, or lysozyme levels, however, did not change until the concentration of bacteria retrieved fron lungs exceeded 4 to 5 logs, Analysis of blood samples obtained serially from the orbital sinuses revealed that rats that succumbed to infection had significantly higher levels of seromucoid, alpha2-macrofetoprotein, and lysozyme and lower levels of plasma zinc than infected rats that survived. Progressive increases in seromucoid and particularly in lysozyme and alpha2-macrofetoprotein appeared to be predicative of death. It is postulated that the threshold effect observed for alpha2-macrofetoprotein and lysozyme reflect significant damage to lung tissue, and thus these two variables are good indexes of the severity of this infection. We propose that this model may be of value in elucidating the pathogenesis of respiratory K. pneumoniae as well as in assessing various models of therapy.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of respiratory Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in rats: bacteriological and histological findings and metabolic alterations. 6 1

Normal values for a number of blood components of grivet monkeys are reported. Haematological data and values for glucose, cholesterol and urea are similar to those of rhesus monkeys. Activities of alkaline phosphatase (1526 U/l), glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase (30.9 U/l), glutamine pyruvate transaminase (13.7 U/l), lactate dehydrogenase (629 U/l), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (175 U/l), creatine phosphokinase (227 U/l), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (38.7 U/l) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (14.2 U/l), and levels of lysozyme (178 mg/dl), zinc (162 microgram/dl), copper (81.3 microgram/dl) and iron (296.5 microgram/dl) have not previously been reported for this animal. Values for serum amino acids, proteins, electrolytes, triglycerides and creatinine are compared with those of other primates.
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PMID:Normal values for some whole blood and serum components of grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 11 24

The extracellular release from human neutrophils of the primary (azurophil) granule constituents, myeloperoxidase (MPO), chymotrypsin-like cationic protein (CCP), collagenase and lysozyme, and the secondary (specific) granule constituents, lactoferrin and lysozyme, was measured during ingestion of staphylococcus protein-A-IgG complexes. In buffer, lactoferrin release was consistently higher than that of the other protein. In serum, lactoferrin release increased concomitantly with ingestion, whereas the rate of lysozyme and especially of MPO release were stimulated to a higher degree than ingestion. Magnesium (0.5--2 mM) was more potent than calcium (0.5--2 mM) in promoting release but these cations worked synergistically. Zinc (0.5--4 mM) was found to be a potent and selective inhibitor of collagenase release. Manganese (0.25--4 mM), which inhibited the ingestion of SpA-IgG complexes, also inhibited release of CCP, collagenase, lysozyme and MPO, but actually stimulated lactoferrin release. The data suggests that lactoferrin and lysozyme may be confined to distinct granule populations or else released in a different fashion from the granules. When the effects on release of primary granule proteins are concerned it is suggested that the dissociation of binding of various agents to an anionic granule matrix may be affected differently by various cations.
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PMID:Effects of serum and cations on the selective release of granular proteins from human netrophils during phagocytosis. 22 47

The two main patterns of inflammatory response in the placenta and its adnexae are: (1) amniotic infection, usually bacterial ascending, with acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis; (2) haematogenous villitis, usually viral, with early necrotizing lesions and vasculitis and, later, chronic infiltrates and obliterative vasculitis. In amniotic infection most cells in the exudate are maternal. These leucocytes participate in antibacterial defence of the amniotic cavity in conjunction with substances such as zinc polypeptide and lysozyme and may contribute directly to fetal defence. Immunoglobulins may be produced in the cord of placenta only in protracted lesions such as 'healed' funisitis. Individual variations in the resistance of the membranes to bacterial penetration are possible. In viral infections a massive multifocal production by plasmacytes of immunoglobulins M, G and A is seen in affected villi. The secretion of non-specific antiviral substances in the infected placenta is possible. In all affected villi there is an activation of fixed macrophages (Hofbauer cells) that remain partly 'immature', i.e. are lysozyme-negative. Multifocal lymphoplasmacytic villitis is uncommon and has helped to focus the diagnosis on prenatal infection. In contrast, non-specific lymphocytic villitis is common; since there is no morphological difference between cases known to be associated with an infection, e.g. varicella, and the others, many cases may well be due to silent infection, although a graft-versus-host reactions remains a distinct possibility.
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PMID:Pathology of the placenta and cord in ascending and in haematogenous infection. 26 58

The rate of hen egg-white lysozyme (mucopeptide N-acetylmuramoylhydrolase, EC 3.2.1.17), catalysis was determined in the presence of various metal ions (Co2+, Zn2+ and eight of the trivalent lanthanide ions). In the assay system employed, the lanthanides were found to inhibit more strongly than either Zn2+ or Co2+. The inhibition data was fitted to several models of the interactions of the metal ion with the enzyme. These models ranged in complexity from a single inhibitory metal binding site on the enzyme (two-parameter fit) to the presence of two non-independent and non-equivalent inhibitory metal binding sites (five-parameter fit). The more complicated models did not fit the data more precisely than the simplest one-site model, suggesting that the adoption of the simpler model is warranted. The fact that the association constants obtained from the simplest analysis for Co2+ (1.3 +/- 1.9 . 10(2) M-1) and Gd3+ (7.0 +/- 2.6 . 10(3) M-1) are consistent with literature values determined from spectroscopic measurements further supports the validity of the simplest model.
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PMID:Inhibition of lysozyme by polyvalent metal ions. 71 66

It appears that in rheumatoid arthritis and, to a lesser extent, in the other forms of inflammatory rheumatism, the level of zinc in the blood serum is lowered, whereas synovial zinc is increased. In the synovial fluid, there is a very significant correlation between enzyme activity and the concentration of zinc. Practical experiments aimed at demonstrating in vitro the action of zinc on lacticodeshydrogenase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase did not produce the anticipated results and do not explain the metabolic disorders of zinc seen during inflammatory rheumatisms.
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PMID:[Zinc and enzymes in the synovial fluid and blood in various types of rheumatism]. 74 83

Sixty-nine patients with symptoms of non-acute prostatitis were treated with metacycline and placebo according to the double-blind crossover technique. The patients reported improvement significantly more often after metacycline than after placebo treatment. But no difference was found between metacycline and placebo in respect of the palpatory findings or the number, morphology and motility of spermatozoa, the number of white blood cells in expressed prostatitic fluid, the zinc, magnesium or fructose content or antibacterial activity of seminal fluid. The lysozyme level in seminal fluid was significantly more often reduced after treatment with metacycline than after placebo. "Therapeutic" concentrations of metacycline were demonstrable in expressed prostatitic fluid specimens collected three hours after intake of the dose prescribed. The majority of patients harbouring Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Mycoplasma hominis were improved after the antibiotic treatment and the organism was no longer demonstrable. No undesirable effects of the treatment with metacycline were observed.
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PMID:Effect of metacycline treatment on non-acute prostatitis. 81 97

The antibacterial, antifungal and antimycoplasmal activity of human semen was studied. Gram-positive aerobic bacterial species i.e. staphylococci, but not gram-negative aerobic bacteria, were inhibited by seminal fluid in vitro. Neither were anaerobic gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, nor Candida or Mycoplasma inhibited. Semen of healthy males had a higher antibacterial effect on S. albus than that of patients with symptoms of chronic prostatitis. There was a positive correlation between the antibacterial power of the semen of the patients studied and their content of zinc and magnesium, while no correlation was found with fructose and lysozyme or the number of spermatozoa in any of the groups. A positive correlation was found between the antibacterial capacity and the volume of the ejaculate in the patients but not among the controls. The antibacterial substance(s) was dialysable, ether-extractable, resistant to boiling and partly to storage at room temperature. The addition of EDTA, tranexamic acid and ammonium reineckate to semen did not influence the antibacterial effect, which was, however, slightly inhibited by sodium polyanethol sulphonate. The nature of possible antibacterial substances in semen is discussed.
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PMID:Antimicrobial activity of human seminal fluid. 81 15

A system to study the aggregation of hydroxyapatite crystals was developed. The effect of several factors (Ca2+ x Pi product, Ca2+/Pi ratio, pH, and various substances) were tested. Pb2+, Zn2+, Mg2+ and methyleneblue had only small effects; citrate inhibited aggregation. Pyrophosphate was a strong inhibitor and the diphosphonates disodium ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate and disodium dichloromethylene diphosphonate were even more potent. The monophosphonate pentanemonophosphonate had no effect. Potent inhibition also occurred with glycosaminoglycans: heparin greater than hyaluronic acid greater than dermatan sulfate greater than chondroitin 4-sulfate greater than chondroitin 6-sulfate. Urine also showed high inhibitory activity. The inhibition of heparin but not that of hyaluronic acid, PPi or urine was abolished by egg white lysozyme. The effects described might be relevant in the normal mineralization process as well as in the mechanisms leading to pathological calcification, such as urinary stone formation.
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PMID:Aggregation of hydroxyapatite crystals. 82 71

The interaction of metal cations with single chain globular proteins produces volume increases, the magnitude of which is determined primarily by the ion and to a lesser extent by the protein. The cations are listed in ascending order of volume change: K(I) less than Mg(II) less than Sr(II) less than Ca(II) less than Co(II) less than Ni(II) less than Cd(II) less than Zn(II) less than Cu(II) less than Pb(II). This sequence held for all cation-protein systems investigated except for Cd(II) which produced a slightly larger volume effect than Zn(II) with lysozyme. The volume changes attributed to protein-cation interaction are positive and range from 8 ml/10(5) g of protein for the reaction on 0.05 M KNO3 with bovine plasma albumin to 2320 ml/10(5) g of protein produced by the 0.20 M Pb(NO3)2-myoglobin system. A similar classification scheme was not possible for the proteins. For example, volume increases of 45, 50, 80 and 95 ml/10(5) g of protein were produced when 0.05 M Mg(II) reacted with bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin, sperm whale myoglobin and lysozyme, respectively. However, when 0.2 M Pb(II) was the reactant the values were 1930, 846, 2320, and 1120 ml/10(5) g of protein. Volume effects produced by Cr(III), Al(III) and Fe(III) were determined, but the calculated results are considered dubious because the volume changes are a complicated function of protein-cation and protein-proton interaction.
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PMID:Protein-metal ion interaction: volume effects produced by the interaction of proteins with metal ions. 105 36


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