Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The procedures for the preparation of silica capillaries coated with titanium oxide or aluminum oxide are developed. These inorganic coated capillaries are studied for their applicability in capillary electrophoresis. The points of zero charge are measured as pH 5 and pH 7 for titanium oxide- and aluminum oxide-coated capillaries, respectively. Both titanium oxide and aluminum oxide coatings give better protein separations in comparison to the use of fused-silica capillaries. Separation efficiency of lysozyme as model protein is measured in the range of 20,000 theoretical plates/m of inorganic coated capillaries. However, the hydrophobic interaction between proteins and modified capillary wall possibly contributes to the tailing of observed protein peaks.
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PMID:Electrokinetic studies of inorganic coated capillaries. 795 92

Six men who had undergone hip replacements for degenerative joint disease or trauma subsequently had radical prostatectomies or cystoprostatectomies with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissections for adenocarcinoma of the prostate or transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. The hip prostheses implanted in three patients were known to contain cobalt-chromium alloy and titanium. The pelvic lymph nodes ipsilateral to the hip prosthesis in five patients and the bilateral pelvic nodes in the only patient with bilateral hip prosthesis had dark brown or black cut surfaces. These lymph nodes did not contain carcinoma but showed florid sinus histiocytosis characterized by large polygonal histiocytes filling and expanding sinuses and interfollicular regions. The foamy histiocytes contained cobalt-chromium and titanium microparticles by light microscopy, ultrastructure, and energy-dispersive x-ray microanalysis. The lymph nodes uninvolved by the histiocytic reaction lacked the heavy metal microparticles. Four cases were found to have a small number of polyethylene particles, which might have contributed to the histiocytic response. By immunohistochemistry, the foamy cells displayed immunoreactivity for lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and cathepsin D, providing additional support for their histiocytic derivation. To our knowledge, this is the first time that microparticles of cobalt-chromium and titanium that migrate from hip prostheses to pelvic lymph nodes have been shown to elicit a distinctive type of florid sinus histiocytosis. Pathologists should be aware of this characteristic foreign-body tissue response to avoid confusion with other types of sinus histiocytosis or with metastatic carcinoma.
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PMID:Sinus histiocytosis of pelvic lymph nodes after hip replacement. A histiocytic proliferation induced by cobalt-chromium and titanium. 827 30

The inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by ultrasonic treatments under static pressure (Mano-Sonication, MS) and a combined MS/heat treatment (Mano-Thermo-Sonication) was investigated. The sporicidal effect of MS treatments depended on static pressure, amplitude of ultrasonic waves and treatment temperature. At 70 degrees C, pressure increments up to 500 kPa caused progressively more inactivation. An MS treatment at 500 kPa and 117 microns of amplitude for 12 min inactivated approximately 99% of the B. subtilis spore population. Over 500 kPa, further increments in pressure did not increase the percentage of inactivation. In the range 90-150 microns, an exponential relationship was observed between the amplitude of ultrasonic waves under pressure and the number of survivors. While an MS treatment (20 kHz, 300 kPa, 70 degrees C, 12 min) at 90 microns inactivated 75% of the B. subtilis spore population, the same treatment at 150 microns inactivated 99.9% of this population. The MS treatments at temperatures higher than 70 degrees C (MTS) led to more spore inactivation. In the range 70-90 degrees C, the combination of heat with an MS treatment (20 kHz, 300 kPa, 117 microns, 6 min) had a synergistic effect on spore inactivation. The inactivating effect of ultrasound was due neither to titanium particles eroded from the sonication tip, nor to free radicals released during ultrasonic treatment. The MS treatments sensitized spores of B. subtilis to lysozyme.
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PMID:Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by combining ultrasonic waves under pressure and mild heat treatment. 983 Jan 20

The fixation in the bone of an artificial titanium tooth root is believed to be initiated by the rapid adsorption of the proteins present in the surgical cavity on the titanium surface. The study of this adsorption should make it possible to predict the osseointegration capacities of new implant surface treatments. We describe here a new method, based on matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), for quantifying proteins adsorbed on titanium surfaces fully identical to these designed for implantology. The key step of this method is a new MALDI-MS sample preparation allowing the adsorbed proteins to be removed from the surface and to be homogeneously dispersed in the matrix crystals. The adsorption of a model protein (lysozyme) on two titanium surfaces (polished and sandblasted) was studied in order to evaluate the method. The absolute MALDI-MS intensity was shown to vary linearly with the amount of adsorbed lysozyme. After dipping the titanium surfaces for different times in lysozyme solutions at different concentrations, the maximum amount of adsorbed lysozyme was measured by MALDI-MS and was shown to correspond to a lysozyme monolayer, which is consistent with results described in the literature.
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PMID:Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry: a new tool for probing interactions between proteins and metal surfaces. Use in dental implantology. 1040 88

The host inflammatory response to particulate wear debris has been implicated as a principal cause of osteolysis and aseptic loosening following total joint arthroplasty. While it has long been assumed that this inflammatory response is mediated solely by a chronic process, there has been evidence to suggest that an acute response to particulate debris may be important in initiating the chronic response. We studied the in vitro and in vivo acute inflammatory responses mediated by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to both retrieved particulate from a catastrophically failed uncemented metal-backed acetabular component and to commercially pure particulate (polyethylene, cobalt-chrome, and titanium). Isolated, nonactivated human PMNs in vitro exhibited both a dose- and time-dependent degranulation response to opsonized particulate debris, as evidenced by release of both specific (increased lysozyme activity) and azurophilic (increased beta-glucuronidase activity) granule contents. In the rat subcutaneous pouch model in vivo, PMNs were recruited within 3-6 h after exposure to particulate debris and were noted to phagocytize particulate and subsequently degranulate, as evidenced by increased beta-glucuronidase and PMN-specific myeloperoxidase (azurophilic granule enzymes) activities. This response peaked within the first 6 h and gradually declined by 24 h. The results of this study demonstrate the presence of an acute inflammatory response mediated by PMNs both in vitro and in vivo to particulate debris, which may be important in the sequence of events that lead to the macrophage-dominated chronic inflammatory process culminating in osteolysis and aseptic loosening of total joint arthroplasties.
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PMID:In vitro and in vivo activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in response to particulate debris. 1055 58

Scanning-force microscopy (SFM) investigations were conducted to probe the influences of the interactions of proteins with surfaces relevant in medicine. These interactions are an important feature in the area of biofilm formation. The adsorption of proteins leads to changes in topography, which was monitored for the build up of protein layers of hen egg-white lysozyme and bovine serum albumin (BSA) on mica in real time in phosphate-buffered aqueous solution over a time period of 10 min. Phase imaging was additionally applied to compare material contrasts and to evaluate this method for further application in this field. The adhesion forces that develop on a time scale below 20 s between a protein-modified SFM tip and titanium surfaces (TiO(2), TiAl6V4 and TiAl6Nb7) were investigated. The influences of the parameters loading force and interaction time between the protein and the surface were monitored as well as the influence of protein structure. The interaction time dependency of the adhesion force could be described with a kinetic model of two consecutive first-order reactions. For the maximal adhesion force a correlation to the ratio of the amino acids cysteine, proline and glycine has been proposed.
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PMID:Scanning-force techniques to monitor time-dependent changes in topography and adhesion force of proteins on surfaces. 1270 50

Lysozyme and amylase are the most abundant enzymatic components in the salivary pellicle. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of different substrata on amylase and lysozyme activity in salivary pellicles formed in situ. Slabs (5 mm diameter) of bovine dentine and enamel, of titanium, gold alloy, resin composite, PMMA, amalgam, and feldspar ceramic were fixed on the buccal sites of individual splints worn by six subjects for 30 min to allow pellicle formation. Thereafter, slabs were removed from the trays and rinsed with running water. Lysozyme activity was determined via lysis of Micrococcus lysodeicticus. Amylase activity was measured with a photometric method using 2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-4-O-beta-D-galactopyranosylmaltotriosid (GalG2CNP) as substrate. Both pellicle enzymes were evaluated in the immobilized as well as in the desorbed state. Salivary enzyme activities were also measured. All investigated pellicles exhibited lysozyme and amylase activity. Great intraindividual and interindividual differences were observed. Over all samples, immobilized amylase activity amounted to 0.65 +/- 0.64 mU/cm2. Immobilized lysozyme activity was 5.04 +/- 1.55 U/cm2. There were no major effects of the substratum on pellicle-bound amylase and lysozyme activity. Immobilized and desorbed enzyme activities revealed a strong correlation (lysozyme: r = 0.700; amylase: r = 0.990). Salivary enzyme activities had only little impact on pellicle-bound enzyme activities. Amylase and lysozyme are incorporated in the acquired in situ pellicle on different solid surfaces in an active conformation. Dental material and enzyme activity in the saliva have only little impact on enzymatic activity in the pellicle in situ.
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PMID:Influence of different restorative materials on lysozyme and amylase activity of the salivary pellicle in situ. 1673 7

The corrosion of dental alloys has biological, functional, and aesthetic consequences. Various studies have shown that protein solutions can inhibit the corrosion of alloys. This study is planned to determine the relationship of organic constituents of saliva and the corrosion of dental alloys. The organic constituents are IgA, mucine, urea, and lysozyme which are encountered in the highest amounts in saliva and the dental materials are titanium (Ti), Co-Cr-Mo and Ni-Cr-Mo alloys, and dental amalgam, the most often used metallic components in dentistry. In particular, the interactions between the commonest salivary proteins, IgA, mucine, urea and lysozyme, and Ti, Co-Cr-Mo, Ni-Cr-Mo and dental amalgam were investigated. Each alloy was evaluated by cyclic polarization in each medium. The general anodic and cathodic behavior during forward and reverse cycles, the corrosion and passivation current densities (muA/cm2 ), and the corrosion and the pitting potentials (mV) were determined. The results have shown that Ni-Cr-Mo and dental amalgam alloys are highly susceptible to corrosion in all the investigated media. The Co-Cr-Mo alloy has shown high passive current densities in the solution of mucine and lysozyme in artificial saliva. Titanium instead, has shown a high resistance to corrosion and a stable passive behavior in all media, especially in a solution of mucine and IgA in synthetic saliva. Mucine and IgA, as well as urea and lysozyme, appeared to enhance the formation of a passive film layer on the Ti metal surface, thus inhibiting the corrosion. Based on the study findings, and especially considering the problem of nickel allergy and toxicity of mercury released from dental amalgam, the use of Co-Cr-Mo alloys and Ti to Ni-Cr-Mo alloys is recommended and alternatives to dental amalgam should be sought for patients with impaired salivary flow.
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PMID:The effect of mucine, IgA, urea, and lysozyme on the corrosion behavior of various non-precious dental alloys and pure titanium in artificial saliva. 1725 55

Amylase and lysozyme are components of the salivary pellicle, exposing considerable enzymatic activity in the immobilized state. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the influence of different solid substrata on the amount and distribution of amylase and lysozyme exposed on the surface of the salivary pellicle formed in situ. Slabs of titanium, feldspar ceramic, and bovine enamel were fixed on the buccal sites of individual splints worn by three subjects for 3 or 30 min, respectively, to allow pellicle formation. Subsequently, slabs were removed from the splints and rinsed with running water. Detection of amylase and lysozyme was performed by FEI-SEM after gold-immunolabeling of the enzymes. Both enzymes were found to be distributed randomly at the pellicle surface. Irrespective of formation time and substratum, significantly more labeled lysozyme molecules (5.23 +/- 4.5 microm(-2)) were detected compared with amylase (3.4 +/- 2.9 microm(-2)). Neither the substratum nor the pellicle formation time had significant impact on the amount of the respective enzyme that could be detected. This study for the first time provides evidence, that amylase and lysozyme are exposed at the surface of the salivary pellicle formed in situ on titanium and ceramics. Both enzymes are distributed randomly on the surface of the pellicle, irrespective of the underlying substratum.
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PMID:Detection of salivary alpha-amylase and lysozyme exposed on the pellicle formed in situ on different materials. 1738 May 1

Chitosan has shown promise as a coating for dental/craniofacial and orthopaedic implants. However, the effects of degree of deacetylation (DDA) of chitosan on coating bond strength, degradation, and biological performance is not known. The aim of this project was to evaluate bonding, degradation, and bone cell growth on titanium coated with chitosans of different DDA and from different manufacturers. Three different chitosans, 80.6%, 81.7%, and 92.3% DDA were covalently bonded to titanium coupons via silane-glutaraldehyde molecules. Bond strengths were evaluated in mechanical tensile tests, and degradation, over 5 weeks, was conducted in cell culture medium with and without 100 microg/mL lysozyme. Cytocompatibility was evaluated for 10 days using UMR 106 osteoblastic cells. Results showed that mean chitosan coating bond strengths ranged from 2.2-3.8 MPa, and that there was minimal affect of DDA on coating bond strengths. The coatings exhibited little dissolution over 5 weeks in medium with or without lysozyme. However, the molecular weight (MW) of the chitosan coatings remaining on the titanium samples after 5 weeks decreased by 69-85% with the higher DDA chitosan coatings exhibiting less percent change in MW than the lower DDA materials. The growth of the UMR 106 osteoblast cells on the 81.7% DDA chitosan coating was lower on days 3 and 5, as compared with the other two coatings, but by day 10, there were no differences in growth among three coatings or to the uncoated titanium controls. Differences in growth were attributed to differences in manufacturer source material, though all coatings were judged to be osteocompatible in vitro.
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PMID:Mechanical property, degradation rate, and bone cell growth of chitosan coated titanium influenced by degree of deacetylation of chitosan. 1816 78


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