Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The diagnostical relevance of the low-molecular proteins ribonuclease, beta 2-microglobulin and lysozyme in serum and urine to detect a reduced glomerular filtration rate was examined in 52 patients with chronic renal diseases. The radioisotope clearance using 99mTc-DTPA was the base reference; the reference values of the low-molecular proteins were estimated in a control group. Ribonuclease was increased above the upper borderline value, if the glomerular filtration rate was lower than 1.24 ml s-1. Creatinine, beta 2-microglobulin and lysozyme remain yet in part in the normal range. The estimation of the ribonuclease in serum is suitable to detect an impaired glomerular filtration rate if the creatinine value is still not increased. Thereby, the diagnostics in renal diseases may be improved in the creatinine-blind area.
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PMID:[The low molecular weight proteins ribonuclease, beta 2 microglobulin and lysozyme in the serum and urine of patients with chronic kidney diseases]. 307 Oct 37

The diagnostic value of the low-molecular mass proteins ribonuclease, beta 2-microglobulin, and lysozyme in serum for the detection of reduced glomerular filtration rates was evaluated. The values of these proteins and of serum creatinine investigated in 52 patients suffering from chronic renal diseases were plotted against 99m-Tc-diethylenetriaminopentaacetate clearance as an indicator of glomerular filtration rate. Log-transformed data showed a good fit of linearity. Considering the 95% confidence limits of the regression equations, ribonuclease increased above the normal range when the glomerular filtration rate was lower than 1.24 ml/s whereas the other analytes partly remained within their normal limits. Out of those 18 patients with glomerular filtration rates lower than 1.24 ml/s, all patients showed elevated ribonuclease levels. beta 2-Microglobulin, creatinine, and lysozyme were increased in 17, 14, and 12 cases, respectively. Ribonuclease and beta 2-microglobulin showed similar results when other diagnostic criteria (specificity, efficiency and predictive values) were taken into account. We recommend ribonuclease determination in serum for the detection of reduced glomerular filtration rate in the normal range of creatinine. The test is diagnostically powerful, cheap and easy to perform.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of low-molecular mass proteins in serum for the detection of reduced glomerular filtration rate. 332 Feb 63

In order to establish sensitive methods of detecting minor renal damage, changes of enzymes, tubular cell counts, and creatinine in the urine were investigated in rats that had been given nephrotoxic chemicals. Daily administration of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) dose-dependently increased urinary excretions of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), lysozyme (LZM), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), and acid protease together with increased counts of tubular cells in the urine. The increase in tubular cell counts and the change in urinary LDH isoenzyme profile preceded the changes in the other enzymes. Daily administration of gentamicin (GM) increased urinary excretions of LDH, GOT, LZM, NAG, acid protease and tubular cell counts in a dose-dependent manner, but did not increase gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) and ALP excretions. The urinary isoenzyme profiles of LDH in rats treated with GM were different from those with HgCl2. The increase in acid protease excretion outlasted those in LDH and GOT in the high dose group. It was concluded that the severity of renal damage can be readily detected by periodic determinations of the following urinary parameters: tubular cell counts, LDH isoenzyme, acid protease, LZM and NAG, in addition to either LDH or GOT and one of the enzymes ALP, LAP or gamma-GTP. Furthermore, the site of renal damage can be presumed from these results.
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PMID:Urinalysis for detection of chemically induced renal damage (1)--Changes in urinary excretions of enzymes and various components caused by mercuric chloride and gentamicin. 344 39

In order to establish sensitive methods of detecting minor renal damage, changes of enzymes, protein, tubular cell counts, and creatinine in the urine were investigated in rats to which nephrotoxic chemicals had been administered. Daily administration of p-aminophenol (PAP) dose-dependently increased urinary excretions of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes (LDH5 = LDH4 greater than LDH3 greater than LDH2 = LDH1), aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), lysozyme (LZM), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and acid protease together with increased counts of tubular cells in the urine. Tubular cell counts, LDH and GOT were more sensitive indicators in the PAP tubulonephritis. Single i.v. injection of puromycin aminonucleoside (PM) dose-dependently increased urinary excretions of LDH and its isoenzymes (LDH1 = LDH5 greater than LDH2 = LDH4 greater than LDH3), GOT, NAG, acid protease and protein but degree of the increases in these enzymes was lower than those in the rats treated with PAP. PM increased excretions of high molecular weight proteins but did not increase ALP, gamma-GTP, LAP, LZM and tubular cells excretions. Single i.v. injection of hexadimethrine increased urinary excretion of LDH and its isoenzymes (LDH1 = LDH5 greater than LDH2 greater than LDH3 = LDH4), GOT, LZM, NAG and acid protease together with increased counts of tubular cells in the urine but did not increase ALP, gamma-GTP and LAP excretions. It is concluded that tubular cell counts, LDH isoenzymes and battery of these enzymes in urine are useful markers for detecting the severity and the site of renal damage in addition that urinary protein is a useful marker for detecting glomerular damage.
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PMID:Urinalysis for detection of chemically induced renal damage (2)--Changes in urinary excretions of enzymes and various components caused by p-aminophenol, puromycin aminonucleoside and hexadimethrine. 344 40

As a practical contribution to an understanding of the usefulness of measuring some electrolytes in urine, the author first recalls that elements measured in a 24-h urine sample provide nutritional informations, whereas those assayed in fasting morning urine generate data on renal tubular function. To illustrate the first point the author describes assessment of the etiology of hypercalciuria based on a knowledge of concomitant 24-h excretions of sodium, phosphate, urate and creatinine. On the second point, the author suggests dissociating the parameters of which only the urinary concentration is of interest (pH, lysozyme, gamma-glutamyl-transferase) from the parameters of which the excretion--either fractional (Na, K, Cl, P, Mg) or absolute (Ca)--should be calculated. Finally, the reader is reminded how to use the nomogram of Peacock, Robertson and Nordin to evaluate fasting urinary excretion of calcium, and how to use the nomogram of Walton and Bijvoet to estimate the renal threshold phosphate concentration.
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PMID:[Usefulness of urinary electrolyte determination]. 356 52

To better characterize the effects of body position and exercise on urinary protein excretion, carefully defined random urine samples were obtained during recumbency and following both ambulation and exercise in healthy adolescent student athletes. Albumin, lysozyme, and N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase were measured in all samples. Glomerular permeability and tubular function were assessed using the urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UAlb/UCr), the urinary lysozyme creatinine ratio (ULy/UCr), the urinary N-acetyl-B-D-glucosaminidase creatinine ratio (UNag/UCr), and the urinary lysozyme albumin ratio (ULy/UAlb). UAlb/UCr was significantly (p less than 0.001) lower in recumbent urine samples than in either ambulatory or postexercise samples, although no difference was seen between the latter two groups. Furthermore, recumbent UAlb/UCr was higher in females (p less than 0.01) and postexercise UAlb/UCr varied significantly (p less than 0.001), depending on the type of physical activity. ULy/UCr, UNag/UCr, and ULy/UAlb were unaffected by either posture or physical activity. A significant correlation was found between UAlb/UCr and UNag/UCr (r = 0.60, p = 0.0001) and also between ULy/UCr and ULy/UAlb (r = 0.84, p = 0.001). In addition, urine-specific gravity was found to have a significant negative correlation with UAlb/UCr (r = -0.33, p = 0.001). The results of this study suggest that in the adolescent, recumbent albumin excretion is higher in females and that ambulation increases glomerular permeability. Exercise does not appear to induce any additional alteration in glomerular permeability, although the effects of exercise are likely-related to the type and severity of physical activity. Renal tubular function is unaltered by either ambulation or exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Characterization of recumbent, ambulatory, and postexercise proteinuria in the adolescent. 358 79

The efficacy, renal effects and nephrotoxicity of a short course of treatment with azthreonam were evaluated in 11 adult patients with urinary tract infection. Azthreonam was administered for 5 days at a daily dose adjusted to the residual renal function of the patients. In the pre-treatment period, during treatment and 10 days after completion of therapy, urine cultures, urinalysis and routine renal function tests (clearance of creatinine, urea and uric acid) were performed and urinary enzymes (alanine-aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, lysozyme) were determined. Renal haemodynamics (glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow) were measured in the pretreatment period and on the 5th day of therapy. The results confirm the efficacy of azthreonam for treatment of urinary tract infection. Results of renal function tests and measurements of urinary enzymes remained unchanged during and after treatment with azthreonam. These data support the conclusion that azthreonam is an effective antimicrobial agent which does not influence renal function or cause nephrotoxic effects.
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PMID:Azthreonam in the treatment of urinary tract infection: evaluation of efficacy, renal effects and nephrotoxicity. 362 45

Random urine samples were obtained to evaluate potential age- or urine concentration-related differences in lysozyme or NAG content. The concentration and excretion of both enzymes was widely variable although no age-related differences were seen. Urine concentration, however, was an important variable as NAG concentration (per mL urine) and lysozyme excretion (per mumol creatinine) were significantly elevated and reduced, respectively, in samples with a higher specific gravity. The correlation coefficient between urine specific gravity and both parameters was significant. Lysozyme excretion is elevated in subjects undergoing a modest diuresis although NAG excretion is unaffected. These data may prove to be useful in the evaluation of renal dysfunction.
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PMID:The effects of age and urine concentration on lysozyme and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) content in urine. 378 36

To determine whether tubular reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins (LMWPs) alters ischemic tubular injury, rats were infused with 25 mg of lysozyme (isoelectric point (pI) 11.3), cytochrome C (pI 10.6), ribonuclease (pI 8.7), or myoglobin (pI 7.0), and during this time 25 minutes of bilateral renal artery occlusion (RAO) was induced. RAO control rats received either saline or 25 mg of albumin. Renal injury was assessed 24 hours later by blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and histology. Lysozyme, ribonuclease, and myoglobin each exacerbated ischemic damage (increased tubular necrosis, cast formation, azotemia), but to comparable degrees (e.g., blood urea nitrogen range 75 +/- 8 to 100 +/- 5 mg/dl versus controls, 29 +/- 2 to 36 +/- 7; p less than 0.01). Rendering lysozyme anionic (pI 4.5) by succinylation did not diminish its acute renal failure-potentiating effect. Cytochrome C which is freely filtered but poorly reabsorbed had a minimal impact on the ischemic process. Infusion of LMWPs did not alter blood pressure, renal blood flow, or induce renal injury in the absence of RAO. During a sublethal ischemic event (10 minutes of RAO) LMWP infusion exacerbated proximal tubular luminal membrane damage before an adverse effect on other critical determinants of cell integrity were apparent (adenine nucleotide pools, oxidant stress). We conclude that endocytic LMWP reabsorption by proximal tubules can exacerbate superimposed ischemic tubular necrosis independent of any direct nephrotoxic protein effect. This action is not influenced by protein isoelectric point and appears to be mediated by a primary intensification of ischemic luminal membrane damage.
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PMID:Low molecular weight proteinuria exacerbates experimental ischemic renal injury. 380 17

The urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (Ualb/Ucr) was compared with quantitative albumin excretion in normal subjects and patients with renal disease. Urinary albumin excretion varied from 3.4 to 4,699 mg/m2/day and Ualb/cr from 5.3 to 6,600 micrograms/mg; the correlation was highly significant (r = .979, p less than .001, n = 20). To characterize normal proteinuria using random urine samples, specimens were obtained from 279 healthy subjects (2 months - 62 years). Total protein, albumin and lysozyme were measured in all samples. Glomerular permeability and tubular function were assessed using the random Ualb/Ucr, the urinary albumin to protein ratio (Ualb/Up) and the urinary lysozyme to albumin ratio (Uly/Ualb). Ualb/Ucr was higher in children less than four years although no age-related differences were noted for Ualb/Up or Uly/Ualb. Furthermore, no differences were seen between males and females and normal reference values are provided. The results of this study support the use of Ualb/Ucr as an estimate of urinary albumin excretion and characterizes normal proteinuria using markers of both glomerular and tubular function.
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PMID:Characterization of proteinuria using random urine samples. 381 79


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