Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conclude that serum and urinary beta-2-microglobulin concentrations are useful in the diagnosis of acute and chronic renal transplant rejection. In acute transplant rejection, serum elevation in beta-2-microglobulins usually precede a rise in the serum creatinine. Increased urinary beta-2-microglobulin concentrations and elevated fractional excretion of beta-2-microglobulin occur in both acute and chronic transplant rejection. The finding of massive and sustained beta-2-microglobulinuria following acute rejection may herald recurrent clinical rejection episodes and eventual graft loss. Finally, serum and urine lysozyme levels appear to be less sensitive than the beta-2-microglobulins for diagnosing rejection and are often spuriously elevated in the presence of systemic or urinary tract infection.
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PMID:Serum and urine beta-2-microglobulin and lysozyme concentrations in transplant rejection. 9 29

Normal values for a number of blood components of grivet monkeys are reported. Haematological data and values for glucose, cholesterol and urea are similar to those of rhesus monkeys. Activities of alkaline phosphatase (1526 U/l), glutamine oxaloacetate transaminase (30.9 U/l), glutamine pyruvate transaminase (13.7 U/l), lactate dehydrogenase (629 U/l), alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (175 U/l), creatine phosphokinase (227 U/l), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (38.7 U/l) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (14.2 U/l), and levels of lysozyme (178 mg/dl), zinc (162 microgram/dl), copper (81.3 microgram/dl) and iron (296.5 microgram/dl) have not previously been reported for this animal. Values for serum amino acids, proteins, electrolytes, triglycerides and creatinine are compared with those of other primates.
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PMID:Normal values for some whole blood and serum components of grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops). 11 24

Serum lipids and lipoproteins and urinary apolipoprotein A (Apo A) were determined in two groups of patients. One group consisted of 11 children (ages ranging from 4 to 14 years) with minimal change glomerular disease. The other group consisted of 13 patients, eight less than 19 years old five adults, with different types of chronic glomerulopathy. Elimination of urinary lysozyme was a feature of chronic glomerulopathies, and creatinine clearances were also significantly lower in this group. Patients with chronic glomerulopathies had significantly lower HDL cholesterol and Apo A concentrations in their sera. In contrast, urinary Apo A concentrations were significantly higher in patients with chronic glomerulopathies, who also showed significantly lower urinary protein selectivities. Lipoprotein electrophoresis of urines containing Apo A showed distinct high-density lipoprotein (HDL) fractions, suggesting that HDL is eliminated in the urine as a result of increased glomerular permeability. This is also supported by a correlation coefficient of 0.77 between the selectivity indices and the ratio of urinary Apo A to total proteinuria. The determination of urinary Apo A appears to give valuable diagnostic information in patients with glomerular disease. According to our results the absence of urinary Apo A is very suggestive of minimal change glomerular disease.
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PMID:Urinary high density lipoprotein in minimal change glomerular disease and chronic glomerulopathies. 22 12

The behaviour of serum and urinary lysozyme was investigated before and after renal transplantation in 20 patients. The mean postoperative observation time was 67.8 (10 to 212) days. In 11 patients with reversible olig-anuria due to prolonged preoperative ischaemia, lysozymuria lasted for a period of 17 days after surgery, whereas in 8 patients with immediate transplant function lysozymuria disappeared 7 days after transplantation. Serum lysozyme concentrations were markedly elevated before transplantation in all patients. In patients with transplant failure due to ischaemia, normalization of serum lysozyme levels was achieved 28 days after surgery; patients with immediate function showed normal serum lysozyme levels already 7 days after transplantation. Prolonged lysozymuria was also noticed in 2 cases with irreversible ischaemic transplant failure, in 1 case with recurrence of glomerulonephritis and in 1 further case with acute pyelonephritis in the transplant. In 7 cases with an acute renal rejection crisis, lysozymuria was evident 0.7 days before clinical diagnosis of rejection. Serum lysozyme levels showed a strong correlation with serum correlation with serum creatinine concentrations. Therefore, lysozymuria in renal transplant patients indicates tubular transplant damage of varied aetiology. Elevated serum lysozyme levels, on the other hand, seem to reflect a reduced glomerular filtration rate.
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PMID:[Behaviour of serum and urinary lysozyme after renal transplantation (author's transl)]. 32 38

A complete and authentic picture of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the milk of Homo sapiens is presented. Older original references are reexamined along with data prublished during the last 2 decades. Mature human milk is made up of 3%-5% fat, 0.8%-0.0% protein, 6.9%-7.2% carbohydrate calculated as lactose, and 0.2% mineral constituents expressed as ash. The energy content is 60-75 kcal/100ml. Protein content is considerably higher and carbohydrate content lower in colostrum than in mature milk. Fat content does not vary consistently during lactation but exhibits large diurnal variations and increases during the course of each nursing. Race, age, parity, or diet fail to have a great affect on milk composition. There is no consistent compositional difference between milks from the 2 breasts unless 1 breast is infected. The principal proteins of human milk are a casein homologous to bovine B-casein, a-lactalbumin, lactoferrin, immunoglobulin IgA, lysozyme, and serum albumin. Lactose is the principal sugar of human milk. Human milk fat is characterized by high contents of palmitic and oleic acids, the former heavily concentrated in the 2-position and the latter in the 1- and 3-positions of the triglycerides. The principal mineral constituents of human milk are Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, and C1. About 25% of the total nitrogen of human milk represents nonprotein compounds. These include urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and a large number of amino acids.
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PMID:The composition of human milk. 39 66

Dogs were given gentamicin (10 mg/kg) intramuscularly every 8 hr for 10 days. Levels of serum creatinine rose by day 6 (0.91 +/- 0.08 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.02 mg/dl for controls, P less than 0.05) and of blood urea nitrogen by day 8 (24.3 +/- 4.80 vs. 16.1 +/- 0.90 mg/dl for controls, P less than 0.05). Gentamicin nephrotoxicity occurred earlier and was more marked when furosemide (2 mg/kg) was added: the level of serum creatinine by day 6 was 1.62 +/- 0.25 mg/dl (P less than 0.05), and the level of blood urea nitrogen by day 8 was 181 +/- 23.5 mg/dl (P less than 0.01). Elevations in the activities of the urinary enzymes beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, and muramidase preceded rises in levels of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Examination of serial percutaneous renal biopsy specimens showed that gentamicin administration was associated with hyaline droplet degeneration, lysosomal changes, and, later, cell necrosis (primarily of the proximal tubules). Changes in renal morphology were more severe and occurred earlier when furosemide was administered concomitantly. In summary, furosemide enhanced gentamicin nephrotoxicity. Enzymuria was an early sign of gentamicin nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Furosemide enhancement of experimental gentamicin nephrotoxicity: comparison of functional and morphological changes with activities of urinary enzymes. 50 Nov 48

With the help of the haemofiltration on the capillary dialysator CDAK 4 the behaviour of lysozyme (muramidase) was investigated in 20 dialysis patients. In 6 of 55 cases a measurable lysozyme concentration in the haemofiltrate was found. A relation to the size of the serum lysozyme level could not be established. The influence of defective capillaries is discussed. Despite the in most cases not measurable lysozyme concentrations in the haemofiltrate a decrease of the serum lysozyme level taking place parallel to creatinine could be proved during dialysis. Examinations of the influence of the renal rest function in dialysis patients with a rest diuresis resulted in a lower lysozyme concentration in the serum than in patients with complete anuria. These findings allow conclusions to the behaviour of low-molecular proteins in the kidney of dialysis patients and to their losses on the dialysis membrane.
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PMID:[Hemofiltration of lysozyme in dialysis patients]. 52 74

Measurements of urinary lysozyme were used to evaluate renal tubular integrity in 34 patients with cirrhosis or fulminant hepatic failure who had developed renal impairment. In 18 of the patients the lysozyme values were normal but in the remaining 16 were increased, supporting previous concepts that renal failure complicating hepatocellular disease may occur both without and with tubular necrosis. The lysozyme values were inversely related to the creatinine clearance, suggesting that the development of tubular necrosis may be determined by the level of renal perfusion. The validity of simpler laboratory tests often used to assess renal tubular integrity--namely, the urine sodium concentration, the urine:plasma osmolality ratio, and casts in the urine sediment--was evaluated by comparison with the lysozyme measurements. The urine sodium concentration was of most value and the findings in the sediment were of no value at all.
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PMID:Spectrum of renal tubular damage in renal failure secondary to cirrhosis and fulminant hepatic failure. 63 52

The amylase:creatinine clearance ratio in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis or acute duodenal perforation was higher than normal in both groups of patients. These findings cast doubt on the value of this parameter as a specific index of acute pancreatitis. The mechanism or mechanisms underlying the increased amylase excretion have not been determined. However, the markedly elevated urinary excretion of lysozyme observed in some patients suggests, by analogy, that diminished tubular reabsorption of amylase may contribute towards the elevated amylase:creatinine ratio.
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PMID:Amylase: creatinine clearance ratio and urinary excretion of lysozyme in acute pancreatitis and acute duodenal perforation. 98 10

Biochemical markers of kidney damage were examined in 52 male stainless steel welders (manual metal arc welding) exposed to chromium and nickel. No difference was found in the mean urinary excretion of total proteins, albumin, protein 1, transferrin, retinol-binding protein, lactate dehydrogenase, lysozyme, or beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in a comparison with matched referents. Beta 2-microglobulin was slightly increased in those welders with a urinary chromium concentration of greater than 64.5 nmol.mmol-1 creatinine. The prevalences of abnormal values did not differ from those observed in the reference group. No correlation was found between the concentrations of chromium or nickel in urine and that of proteins or enzymes. No consistent or clinically significant renal impairment was revealed among the stainless steel welders exposed to a chromium air concentration slightly above the current threshold limit value of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists for water-soluble hexavalent chromium compounds (50 micrograms.m-3).
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PMID:Lack of renal changes in stainless steel welders exposed to chromium and nickel. 141 68


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