Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sucrose-lysozyme spheroplasts were prepared from two strains of Pseudomonas cepacia and tested for susceptibility to polymyxin B and benzalkonium chloride. Spheroplasts were more susceptible than whole cells to benzalkonium chloride but not to polymyxin B. Disruption of the outer membrane layer was not by itself sufficient to render P. cepacia susceptible to polymyxin B.
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PMID:Resistance of spheroplasts and whole cells of Pseudomonas cepacia to polymyxin B. 21 17

Sugars and polyols stablize proteins against heat denaturation. Scanning calorimetry was used to obtain a quantitative estimate of the degree of stabilization. Solutions of ovalbumin, lysozyme, conalbumin, and alpha-chymotrypsinogen were heated at a constant rate, and the temperature of the maximum rate of denaturation was estimated (Tm). Addition of a sugar or polyol raised Tm. The magnitude of the stabilizing effect (delta Tm) depended on both the nature of the protein and the nature of the sugar or polyol, ranging from 18.5 degrees C for lysozyme at pH 3 in the presence of 50% (w/w) sorbitol to 0 degrees C for conalbumin at pH 7 in 50% glycerol solution. It is argued that this stablization is due to the effects of sugars and polyols on hydrophobic interactions. The strength of the hydrophobic interaction was measured in model systems in sucrose and glycerol solutions. Sucrose and glycerol strengthened the pairwise hydrophobic interaction between hydrophobic groups; however, they reduced the tendency for complete transfer of hydrophobic groups from an aqueous to a nonpolar environment. The extent of stabliziation by different sugars and polyols is explained by their different influences on the structure of water. The difference between the partial molar volume of the sugar or polyol and its van der Waals volume was used as a rough quantitative measure of the structure-making or structure-breaking effect. There was a linear relationship between this quantity and delta Tm.
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PMID:Increased thermal stability of proteins in the presence of sugars and polyols. 49 77

A chitinase purified from culture filtrates of Trichoderma resei KDR-11 efficiently catalyzed a transglycosylation reaction on tetra-N-acetylchitotetraoside in a buffer medium containing ammonium sulfate, converting the tetrasaccharide into hexa-N-acetylchitohexaose (39.6%) and di-N-acetylchitobiose (55.7%) as the major products. Sugar-chain elongation from di-N-acetylchitobiose as the initial substrate to hexa-N-acetyl-chitohexaose and hepta-N-acetylchitoheptaose was also efficiently induced through lysozyme catalysis in the presence of ammonium sulfate at high (30%) concentration. In this case, the addition of ammonium sulfate to the reaction system resulted in a remarkable increase of the hexamer and heptamer productions, which are desirable as biologically active oligosaccharides.
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PMID:Enzymic synthesis of useful chito-oligosaccharides utilizing transglycosylation by chitinolytic enzymes in a buffer containing ammonium sulfate. 222 4

A 37-year-old male was diagnosed as having chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) with chief complaint of systemic lymph node swelling. On admission, his peripheral blood revealed mild anemia and mild thrombocytopenia with giant platelets, and monocytosis (1480/microliters). NAP score was low. Serum lysozyme increased. The bone marrow showed normal cellularity consisting of 4% myeloblasts and 14.4% promyelocytes, and a few myeloid cells were positive for double staining by alpha-naphthyl butyrate and naphthol ASD chloroacetate esterase. Biopsied specimens of the cervical lymph node showed infiltration of monocytoid cells, which were positive for lysozyme staining, into interfollicular tissue. As for chromosome variation, 21 large satellite was observed in all dividing cells from his bone marrow and peripheral blood. Furthermore, hemolytic anemia with hemoglobinuria developed during his course. Sugar water test was positive, but Ham test negative. Coombs test and Donath-Landsteiner reaction were negative. Abnormal hemoglobin, spherocyte and fragmentation were not found. Hemolysis disappeared about two months later. However, blastic crisis appeared and he died. We showed a case of CMMoL with 21 large satellite and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)-like complication. Satellite have usually been reported as asymptomatic, and thus this chromosome variant and CMMoL may have been coincidentally observed.
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PMID:[Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) with systemic lymph node swelling and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)-like complication]. 260 15

The outer layers of the cell envelope of a pseudomonad of marine origin were removed by washing the cells in 0.5 m NaCl followed by suspension in 0.5 m sucrose. The term mureinoplast has been suggested for the rod-shaped forms which resulted from this treatment. As previously established, these forms lacked the outer cell wall layers but still retained a rigid peptidoglycan structure. Mureinoplasts remained stable if suspended in a balanced salt solution containing 0.3 m NaCl, 0.05 m MgSO(4), and 0.01 m KCl but, unlike whole cells, lost ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing material if suspended in 0.5 m NaCl or 0.05 m MgCl(2). Sucrose added to the balanced salt solution also enhanced the loss of UV-absorbing material. Addition of lysozyme to suspensions of mureinoplasts in the balanced salt solution produced spherical forms which, by electron microscopy and the analysis of residual cell wall material, appeared to be true protoplasts. Only undamaged mureinoplasts, as judged by their capacity to fully retain alpha-aminoisobutyric acid, were capable of being converted to protoplasts. Protoplasts and undamaged mureinoplasts retained 100% transport capacity when compared to an equal number of whole cells. The Na(+) requirement for transport of alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and the sparing action of Li(+) on this Na(+) requirement were the same for both protoplasts and whole cells. These observations indicate that, in this gram-negative bacterium, the cell wall does not participate in the transport process though it does stabilize the cytoplasmic membrane against changes in porosity produced by unbalanced salt solutions. The results also indicate that the requirements for Na(+) for transport and for the retention of intracellular solutes are manifested at the level of the cytoplasmic membrane.
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PMID:Stability and comparative transport capacity of cells, mureinoplasts, and true protoplasts of a gram-negative bacterium. 490 75

1. DNA has been isolated in 90% yield from T5-infected cultures of Escherichia coli ;pulse'-labelled with [(3)H]thymidine. It had a buoyant density in caesium chloride solution identical with the DNA of mature T5 phage, and no components of unusual buoyant density were detected. 2. The DNA preparation was resolved into two major components of differing specific activity on a column of kieselguhr coated with methylated serum albumin. The DNA of high specific activity could be eluted from the column only with 2n-ammonia, and the firm binding did not appear to be due to an artifact of preparation. 3. A similar fractionation into two DNA components of differing specific activity was observed when the ;pulse'-labelled culture was lysed with sodium dodecyl sulphate and the lysate rocked with phenol. The DNA of high specific activity was found in the interface precipitate between the phenol and aqueous layers. 4. The amounts of DNA in the two fractions were measured at different times after infection and the radioactivity content of each was determined at various times after a short ;pulse' of [(3)H]thymidine. The interface fraction contained the replicating phage DNA, and the DNA from mature phage particles appeared in the aqueous fraction. 5. Analogous results were obtained with T2-infected E. coli. In the presence of chloramphenicol the DNA in the interface fraction was not converted into DNA extractable into the aqueous layer. Since chloramphenicol prevents the condensation of DNA into phage heads, it is suggested that any DNA in extended configuration is trapped inside the rigid-layer framework of the cell wall. 6. Treatment with lysozyme released much of the DNA from the interface precipitate. This DNA was firmly bound by the chromatographic column and had the same buoyant density in caesium chloride solution as normal T5-phage DNA. Sucrose-gradient sedimentation studies showed that it was heterogeneous and that as much as 60% sedimented faster than T5-phage DNA.
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PMID:Fractionation of deoxyribonucleic acid from phage-infected bacteria. 593 47

Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of cell envelopes of chemotrophically grown cells of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata St. Louis (= ATCC 23782) resulted in the separation of a cytoplasmic membrane from a cell wall fraction (buoyant densities, 1.139 and 1.215 g/cm3, respectively). The cell wall fractions (untreated or Triton extracted) contained peptidoglycan- and lipopolysaccharide-specific components. Their neutral sugar content, mainly rhamnose and galactose, was high (250 and 100 micrograms/mg [dry weight] of material) due to a non-lipopolysaccharide polymer. The fatty acid content was low (less than or equal to 60 micrograms/mg [dry weight] of material), and half of it was contributed by lipopolysaccharide (3-OH-C10:0, C12:1, and 3-oxo-C14:0). The predominant other fatty acid was C18:1. An outer membrane fraction, obtained by lysozyme treatment of the Triton-extracted cell wall, showed essentially the same chemical composition except for almost complete removal of peptidoglycan. Saline extraction (0.9% NaCl, 37 degrees C, 2 h) removed a lipopolysaccharide-protein(-phospholipid?) complex from whole cells of R. capsulata St. Louis. The polypeptide patterns of the cell wall and outer membrane as revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis comprised 20 to 25 different polypeptides (most of them very faint) and were dominated by a single, heat-modifiable major protein (Mr 69,000 after solubilization below 60 degrees C; Mr 33,000 at temperatures above 70 degrees C).
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PMID:Characterization of the cell wall and outer membrane of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata. 673 79

Pastereulla multocida organisms were separated from the blood of experimentally infected turkeys by differential centrifugation. An average of 92% of the residual host-cell contamination was removed from the pasteurellas by density gradient centrifugation in sucrose. Sucrose suspensions of the turkey-grown pasteurellas partially lysed after freezing and thawing. Treatment of freeze-thawed suspensions with DNAse, hyaluronidase, lysozyme, EDTA, and Triton X-100 did not influence their ability to induce protection against homologous and heterologous serotype challenge exposures. Lysozyme, EDTA, and Triton X-100 completely lysed the pasteurellas and rendered the cross-protection factor(s) filterable. Addition of adjuvant to completely lysed P multocida did not appear to enhance protection in turkeys against heterologous serotype challenge exposure. Adjuvant added to the pellet or supernatant fraction of centrifuged complete lysate enhanced protection in turkeys. Vaccines prepared from different serotypes of turkey-grown P multocida protected chickens and mice against homologous and heterologous serotype challenge exposures.
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PMID:Lysates of turkey-grown Pasteurella multocida: protection against homologous and heterologous serotype challenge exposures. 680 19

Milk protein concentrations were determined in five samples of neonatal milk (witch's milk) by either double antibody radioimmunoassay (IgA) or by single radial immunodiffusion (IgG, lactoferrin, lysozyme and albumin). Neonatal milk IgA concentrations ranged from 0.43 to 118.2 mg/l; the corresponding mean neonatal serum IgA concentration was 2.6 +/- s.e. 1.45 mg/l (n = 48). Sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation indicated that the IgA detected was of the 11S type. IgG, lactoferrin, lysozyme and albumin were detected in neonatal milk in similar concentrations to those found in maternal milk.
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PMID:Milk protein concentrations in neonatal milk (witch's milk). 737 33

The in vitro lysozyme susceptibility of three oral isolates of Candida albicans cultured in carbohydrate-supplemented media was studied. Lysozyme was shown to have a dose- and time-dependent killing effect on C. albicans isolates. Fungicidal activity persisted to varying degrees when yeast isolates were cultured in a variety of carbohydrates (glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, xylitol and lactose) before exposure to 20 micrograms/ml lysozyme. Sucrose and galactose grown yeasts exhibited increased resistance to lysozyme compared with (in decreasing order) those grown in glucose, maltose, xylitol or lactose. Further, the C. albicans isolates tested demonstrated strain variations in their susceptibility to lysozyme. These results suggest that dietary carbohydrate may play a role in modulating the yeast cell populations in the oral cavity by altering the fungal susceptibility to salivary lysozyme.
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PMID:The in vitro lysozyme susceptibility of Candida albicans cultured in carbohydrate-supplemented media. 823 72


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