Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To address whether a renal tubular dysfunction is encountered in a particular patient subgroup with urolithiasis, the following parameters of tubular function were measured in urine taken in the morning from 214 stone formers after fasting: pH, excretion of lysozyme and gamma-glutamyl transferase (gamma-GT); fractional excretion (FE) of glucose, insulin, Mg, K, and HCO3 after an alkali loading; and the renal threshold for phosphate (TmP/GFR). The following diagnoses were made in the patient group: primary hyperparathyroidism (N = 8), medullary sponge kidneys (N = 21), hyperuricemia (N = 10), cystinuria (N = 2), struvite stone disease (N = 6), idiopathic hypercalciuria of the absorptive (N = 25), dietary (N = 69) or renal (N = 7) type, and normocalciuric idiopathic urolithiasis (N = 66). In 31% of the patients TmP/GFR was below 0.80 mmole/liter and in 13% of the patients, FE HCO3 after alkali loading was above normal. Urinary excretion of lysozyme and that of gamma-GT both were elevated in 17% of the patients. FE glucose, FE insulin, FE Mg, and FE K were elevated in 8, 9, 3, and 7% of the patients, respectively. This study demonstrates that a significant number of stone formers present with signs of renal tubular dysfunction, primarily involving the proximal tubule since apparent leaks of phosphate and of bicarbonate were most frequently encountered. The defects were not specific for a given etiologic group of patients; on the other hand, occurrence was related to the presence of large stones in the pyelocaliceal system at the time data were gathered. Taken together these data suggest that the tubulopathy in nephrolithiasis is the consequence rather than the cause of the stone.
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PMID:Tubulopathy in nephrolithiasis: consequence rather than cause. 287 Dec 16

Elevated activities of beta-D-glucuronidase, myeloperoxidase, and lysozyme were found in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) of both hypopituitary dwarfs and normal subjects after the administration of growth hormone (GH), as compared to the activities in PMNs from blood drawn immediately before the administration of GH. During in vitro incubation, GH was able to inhibit the release of lysosomal enzymes from resting PMNs. This inhibition may be one of the reasons for the elevated lysosomal enzyme activities observed in PMNs after the administration of GH. GH can also affect hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity and superoxide production by PMNs. The activity of HMPS is stimulated by GH in resting PMNs, while in PMNs incubated with zymosan the GH inhibits both HMPS and superoxide production.
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PMID:Effect of growth hormone on the activity of some lysosomal enzymes in neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes of hypopituitary dwarfs. 299 87

The reducing equivalents used by the human neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase are derived from NADPH generated by the hexose monophosphate shunt. The CO2 generated by the HMP shunt is spontaneously hydrated and the protons (H+) are secreted upon the dissociation of carbonic acid. The mechanism and significance of H+ secretion by the resting and stimulated neutrophil was investigated. A basal rate of H+ secretion by resting neutrophils observed in a choline buffer was augmented with the addition of sodium (Na+) (Km for Na+ was 3.22 +/- 0.32 mM). Amiloride, a Na+/H+ antiporter inhibitor, reduced H+ secretion in Na+-containing buffers with a Ki = 1.02 microM. This Na+/H+ exchange mechanism was also operative in cells stimulated with a variety of agonists, and an increased H+ flux, relative to resting cells, was observed at higher Na+ concentrations. Cytoplasts incorporating acridine orange were also used to assess Na+-H+ flux. Cytoplasts were used to avoid alteration of the fluorescent pH probe by HOCl formed in intact neutrophils. Alkalinization of the cytoplasm was dependent on extracellular Na+ in concentrations similar to that found to augment H+ secretion in intact cells. Also, amiloride competitively inhibited H+ secretion by the cytoplasts. Both superoxide (O2-) production and lysozyme release in cells stimulated with opsonized zymosan or concanavalin A was significantly inhibited in the absence of Na+, restored to normal with the addition of Na+ in low concentrations, and inhibited again in the presence of amiloride. A Na+/H+ antiporter similar to that found in other cell types is present in the human neutrophil and appears linked to activation of the respiratory burst and degranulation.
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PMID:Proton secretion by the sodium/hydrogen ion antiporter in the human neutrophil. 300 66

A homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for estradiol estimation has been developed, which can be extended to other steroids. A new procedure for the preparation of estradiol -3-0- carboxymethyl ether by a simple one step reaction in high yield (90%) has been described. This hapten has been used for raising highly specific anti-estradiol antibody in rabbits and for preparation of enzyme conjugates. Two different enzymes, lysozyme and glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase have been studied for their suitability as enzyme labels. Our results indicate that lysozyme-conjugate meets the essential requirement for a practical enzyme immunoassay. The advantage of the present nonradioactive procedure is the overall simplicity, low cost and high stability of the reagents.
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PMID:Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay of estradiol using estradiol-3-O-carboxymethyl ether as hapten. 307 82

Structural studies were carried out on two kinds of teichuronic acid-glycopeptide complexes (designated as TU-GP-I and TU-GP-II) isolated from lysozyme digest of N-acetylated cell walls of Bacillus megaterium AHU 1375 by ion-exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. TU-GP-I, accounting for about 25% of the cell walls, contained N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid, N-acetylglucosamine, glucose, galactose, glycerol, and phosphorus in an approximate molar ratio of 1:1:2:1:0.5:0.5, together with small amounts of glycopeptide components. TU-GP-II, accounting for about 9% of the cell walls, contained glucuronic acid, glucose, and fucose in a molar ratio of about 2:1.5:1, together with small amounts of glycopeptide components. The results of analyses involving Smith degradation, chromium oxidation, methylation, acetolysis, and H-NMR measurement led to the conclusion that the polysaccharide chain of TU-GP-I comprised repeating units,----6) Glc(alpha 1----3)-ManNAcUA(beta 1----4)[Gal(alpha 1----3)][Glc(beta 1----6)]GlcNAc(beta 1----. About half of the repeating units were substituted by glycerophosphoryl residues at C-6 of the beta-glucosyl residues linked to the N-acetylglucosamine residues. By means of a similar procedure, the polysaccharide chain of TU-GP-II was shown to comprise repeating units,----4)GlcUA(alpha 1----3)GlcUA(alpha 1----3)Glc(alpha 1----3)Fuc(alpha 1----, of which about half were substituted by alpha-glucosyl residues at C-3 of the 4-substituted glucuronosyl residues.
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PMID:Structural studies on N-acetylmannosaminuronic acid-containing and glucuronic acid-containing teichuronic acids in the cell wall of Bacillus megaterium AHU 1375. 308 95

The effects of clofazimine on phagocyte functions associated with antimicrobial activity have been investigated. Clofazimine at a variety of concentrations was capable of enhancing the spontaneous production of hydrogen peroxide and the intracellular killing ability of phagocytes; but had no effect on resting phagocyte lysozyme release, or hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) activity. However, when these latter functions were assessed in the presence of a phagocytic stimulus, clofazimine moderately increased both lysozyme release and HMPS activity. A 25 Kd glyco-lipoprotein derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been shown to inhibit these antimicrobial functions. Clofazimine was capable of partially reversing the inhibitory effect of the mycobacterial component in all of the systems assessed. Partial restoration was observed at concentrations of 0.5 mg/l and was maximal at 2 mg/l. These studies indicate important mechanisms operative in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and suggest that clofazimine may have clinical relevance in the treatment of mycobacterial diseases.
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PMID:Clofazimine reverses the inhibitory effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis derived factors on phagocyte intracellular killing mechanisms. 312 22

The effect of lysozyme-inactivation on L(+)-lactic acid (LA) production in dental plaque suspensions was evaluated. From 10 children 24-h plaque was collected and lysozyme activity inhibited by addition of goat antiserum to human lysozyme. Acid production was stimulated by addition of glucose. The results showed significantly increased LA levels (50-150%) in lysozyme-inactivated plaque suspensions from 8 of the subjects compared to untreated controls. The increase in acid production activity was not related to plaque lysozyme levels. The findings indicate that the presence of lysozyme may be limiting on acid production in the early dental plaque.
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PMID:Increased (L+)-lactic acid production in lysozyme-inactivated suspensions of human dental plaque. 321 51

We have reported previously that phenylarsine oxide (PAO) blocks insulin-stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (Frost, S. C., and Lane, M. D. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 2646-2652). As shown in the present study, the locus of inhibition is post-receptor. Insulin stimulated the extent of receptor autophosphorylation in solution and in the intact cell by approximately 4-fold. PAO had no effect on this activity. Using reduced and carboxamidomethylated lysozyme as a substrate for the tyrosine-specific receptor, insulin stimulated the rate of receptor kinase-catalyzed substrate phosphorylation by 2-fold; PAO had no effect on this stimulation. However, the insulin-stimulated, serine-specific phosphorylation of two endogenous phosphoproteins (pp24 and pp240) in the intact cell was blocked by 25 microM PAO. These complementary in situ and in vitro studies demonstrate that the inhibition by PAO must be distal to the insulin receptor's protein tyrosine kinase activity.
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PMID:Effect of phenylarsine oxide on insulin-dependent protein phosphorylation and glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. 329 62

A novel, strictly anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore-forming, fusiform, rod-shaped bacterium having high dehydrodivanillin (DDV)-degrading activity was isolated from cow ruminal fluid. This strain degraded a range of six main lignin-related compounds such as DDV, ferulic acid, dehydrodiisoeugenol, guaiacoxyacetic acid, vanillin, and veratrylglycerol-beta-guaiacyl ether to the extent of 14 to 83% within 2 days under strictly anaerobic conditions. As DDV degradation intermediates, three aromatic compounds (dehydrodivanillic acid, vanillic acid, and 5-carboxyvanillic acid) and two alicyclic compounds (cyclohexanecarboxylic acid and cyclohexanol) were detected by thin-layer, high-performance liquid, and gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The addition of 1% glucose and peptone in a synthetic medium stimulated growth of the strain but slowed down DDV degradation. The presence of 0.1% yeast extract increased both cell growth and DDV degradation. The growth yield in defined medium was 151.5 g (dry weight) of cells per mol of DDV utilized. Characterization of the strain indicated that it was distinct from known Fusobacterium and Clostridium species. The bacterium was easily induced to form protoplasts after treatment with either penicillin or lysozyme. The frequencies of protoplast formation and regeneration in the strain were 94 and 18%, respectively.
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PMID:Isolation and characterization of an anaerobic dehydrodivanillin-degrading bacterium. 338 17

Out of 374 schoolchildren, aged 13-15 yr, 42 with high counts of salivary lactobacilli (greater than or equal to 10(5] were selected for this study. Lysozyme activity in saliva and L(+)-lactic acid (LA) production after addition of glucose were determined. The mean values of lysozyme activity and LA concentration were 19.4 micrograms/ml and 1.4 mmol/l respectively. The levels of LA produced without addition of glucose were less than 0.2 mmol/l. The results showed a statistically significant (P less than 0.05) negative correlation between lysozyme activity and the levels of LA produced. The findings of this study suggest that lysozyme may be of importance in limiting acid production in saliva.
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PMID:Lysozyme activity and L(+)-lactic acid production in saliva in schoolchildren with high Lactobacillus counts. 347 Sep 7


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