Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Identification of metastatic malignant cells in body fluids and their distinction from reactive mesothelial cells is a common diagnostic problem. Application of the immunoalkaline phosphatase method using epithelial membrane antigen, cytokeratin, vimentin, carcinoembryonic antigen, lysozyme, and leukocyte common antigen (CD 45) is routinely performed in our Hematology Laboratory in conjunction with morphological examination of body fluids. Recently, we found that anti-Leu M5 (CD 11c), a monoclonal antibody to human monocyte/macrophage, is frequently reactive to mesothelial cells. We then undertook a prospective study, adding anti-CD 11c to the above-listed antibody panel and applying to cytocentrifuge preparations of body fluid. The neoplastic cells in only 2 out of 34 cases (5.9%) with the diagnosis of metastatic carcinomas reacted positively for CD 11c. The neoplastic cells in four cases of malignant lymphoma were non-reactive for CD 11c. In addition, malignant cells on touch preparations of 25 carcinomas were also negative. Mesothelial cells in all 15 cases of reactive effusions and those mesothelial cells present in malignant effusions were positively stained with CD 11c, although the intensity of staining varied in different mesothelial cells of the same cases. We conclude that anti-CD 11c can be considered as a useful adjunct to the differential diagnosis of malignant effusions.
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PMID:Application of Leu M5 (CD 11c) antibody in the cytodiagnosis of body fluids: preliminary results. 809 2

The polarized secretion of newly-synthesized proteins of human tracheal submucosal gland cells was studied. Human tracheal gland cells were cultured on permeable filter supports allowing a separate biochemical analysis of apical and basal secretion. By transmission electron microscopy, confluent filter-grown cells were seen to form a continuous sheet of both multilayer and monolayer epithelial cells. Junctional complexes between adjacent cells were observed. On immunofluorescence microscopy, human tracheal gland cells in cultured exhibited characteristics of epithelial and secretory cells, including cytoplasmic staining for cytokeratin and for two secretory protein markers specific to the glandular serous type cell: lysozyme and antileucoprotease. [35S]methionine metabolic labelling experiments demonstrated that at least 90% of newly-synthesized secretory proteins were recovered in the apical medium. Moreover, lysozyme secretion was strongly polarized since 85% was released into the apical medium. Conversely, antileucoprotease secretion was more bidirectional since nearly 40% of released antileucoprotease was present in the basal medium. The fact that these two secretory proteins are released with differing relative polarity emphasizes that human tracheal gland cells exhibit at least two different exocytotic routing operations.
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PMID:Vectorial delivery of newly-synthesized secretory proteins by human tracheal gland cells in culture. 834 52

A prospective clinicopathological study including 100 consecutive hysterectomies and 100 consecutive cone specimens to investigate the frequency and pathogenesis of multinucleated stromal giant cells (SGCs) in the uterine cervix is presented. Sections containing SGCs were analyzed by immunohistochemical methods for the presence of cytokeratin, S-100 protein, factor VIII, desmin, muramidase, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and vimentin. Tissue for electron microscopy was punched out of four paraffin blocks from four different cases. SGCs were not found in patients < 30 years old, but their incidence increased with age until the sixth decade, at which time they were found in 42% of patients. We found at the same time that the incidence of SGCs declines in the seventh decade. SGCs were not related to any inflammatory or granulomatous lesion, and their presence was independent of other clinical parameters, such as hormonal therapy, history of trauma on the uterine cervix, pregnancy, or parity in general. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analyses support the concept of a fibroblastic-histiocytic origin of SGCs. SGCs in the uterine cervix may reflect a physiological tissue reaction during the transition from the fertile to the postmenopausal state.
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PMID:Multinucleated stromal giant cells of the uterine cervix. 834 59

In an effort to shed light upon the nature of the colloid cyst, the immunohistochemical properties of 21 examples of this lesion were compared with those of other neuraxial cysts and choroid plexus epithelium. The neuraxial cysts included the following: eight Rathke's cleft cysts, 25 pituitaries containing follicular cysts of the pars intermedia, and four enterogenous cysts. Fifteen examples of normal choroid plexus and 12 choroid plexus papillomas were studied as well. These lesions were examined for localization of the following antigens: cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, secretory component, carcinoembryonic antigen, prealbumin, vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, 68-kD neurofilament protein, chromogranin, serotonin, and lysozyme, and with Leu-7 monoclonal antibodies. Five colloid cysts were immunostained with monoclonal antibodies that were specific for Clara-cell antigens and surfactant, respectively. Sugar moieties were localized using Ulex europaeus I, and Ricinus communis agglutinin I lectins. All Rathke's cleft cysts and follicular cysts of the pars intermedia as well as three selected colloid cysts were examined for pituitary hormones. The epithelial cells of colloid and enterogenous cysts, as well as those lining follicular and Rathke's cleft cyst, showed uniformly strong reactivity for cytokeratins, epithelial membrane antigen, secretory component, and vimentin, and bound Ulex europaeus lectin. Occasional cells in colloid cysts were positive for Clara cell-specific antigens. Reaction for carcinoembryonic antigen was present on the apical surface of scattered cells of colloid, follicular, and Rathke's cleft cysts. Many cells of follicles in the pars intermedia as well as individual cells of five Rathke's cleft cysts were also immunoreactive for chromogranin, S-100 protein, GFAP, and pituitary hormones. Colloid and enterogenous cysts were negative for prealbumin, S-100 protein, GFAP, and neuron-specific enolase; in all but a few instances, they failed to bind Ricinus communis agglutinin. In contrast, normal choroid plexus and choroid plexus papillomas were positive for prealbumin, S-100 protein, neuron-specific enolase, cytokeratin, vimentin, and Ricinus communis agglutinin receptors; they lacked Ulex europaeus lectin, 56/66-kD cytokeratins, and epithelial membrane antigen. Unlike normal choroid plexus, choroid plexus papillomas were often GFAP-positive. All tissues studied were nonreactive for lysosome, serotonin, and neurofilament, and with Leu-7 antibodies. This study indicates that the immunophenotype of epithelium lining colloid cysts is similar to that of other cysts showing endodermal or ectodermal differentiation and to respiratory tract mucosa. Epithelium of colloid cysts is immunohistochemically different from that of normal or neoplastic choroid plexus. These findings indicate an endodermal rather than neuroepithelial nature for colloid cysts.
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PMID:Colloid cyst of the third ventricle. A comparative immunohistochemical study of neuraxis cysts and choroid plexus epithelium. 841 24

Four round cell tumors, situated at the lip of dogs older than 4 years of age, which could not be further classified, were examined light and electron microscopically, immunocytochemically and in part functionally and cytochemically. Immunocytochemically they were positive for vimentin, but negative for cytokeratin, desmin, neurofilament, synaptophysin, S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase, lysozyme, IgG and a pan-T-cell marker. Cell lines were established from two malignant neoplasms. In vitro, neoplastic cells had morphological, functional and cytochemical properties of myelomonocytic cells. A tumor cell-specific polyclonal rabbit antiserum reacted immunocytochemically positive with primary and recurrent tumors and metastases of the original and the three other round cell tumors. Immunoblotting demonstrated a main band with approximately 65-75 kDa. All four tumors were present in aged dogs and metastasized. They most likely represent a distinct group of malignant tumors among the canine round cell tumors.
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PMID:Round cell sarcomas of possible myelomonocytic origin localized at the lip of aged dogs. 857 97

Metanephric adenoma of the kidney is a newly recognized entity of renal adenoma, and the electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features of the tumor have not yet been well elucidated. The authors experienced a typical case of renal metanephric adenoma and studied the electron microscopic and immunohistochemical features of the tumor together with the DNA content of the tumor cells. Electron microscopically, the tumor was composed of immature epithelial cells with relatively uniform size, poor nuclear polarity, and scant cytoplasmic organelles arranged in small tubular or rosette pattern. Immunohistochemically, the cytoplasm of the majority of the tumor cells was positive for S-100, and occasionally for alpha-1-antitrypsin and vimentin. The tumor cells were also positive for cytokeratin, lysozyme, and Leu 7, with predominantly cell membrane staining. Only tumor cells arranged in papillary or large tubular pattern were positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Tumor cells were negative for Leu M1 and HMB-45. These immunohistochemical characteristics are quite similar to those of S-shaped body of the fetal kidney. An analysis of the nuclear DNA of the tumor cells by image cytometry revealed that the tumor entirely consisted of diploid cells' and lacked aneuploid cells. These results indicate that renal metanephric adenoma is composed of immature renal epithelial cells.
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PMID:Metanephric adenoma of the kidney: an electron microscopic and immunohistochemical study with quantitative DNA measurement by image analysis. 859 3

In this study we systematically investigated the cellular distribution, immunohistochemical phenotype, and mucosal disposal function of macrophages in the lamina propria of the human gastrointestinal mucosa (lamina propria macrophages; LPMs). In all tissues examined, most of these LPMs accumulated beneath the epithelial layer that covered the apex of the lamina propria of the mucosa. These cells expressed normal levels of common macrophage markers such as CD68, LN5, lysozyme, ferritin, and alpha 1-anti-chymotrypsin. In addition, they expressed high levels of 25F9 (a market for a certain subpopulation of macrophages), MHC Class II molecules, and CD74 (MHC Class II-associated invariant chain). Interestingly, LPMs possessed some epithelial cell-associated antigens such as cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and Ber-Ep4 in their cytoplasm. Ultrastructurally, these antigens were associated with cellular debris ingested by LPMs, which were recognized as apoptotic fragments by in situ end-labeling. Furthermore, double positive-labeled granules were seen in LPMs by double staining for epithelial cell-associated antigens and in situ end-labeling. These observations suggest that one of the major functions of LPMs is the disposal of apoptotic epithelial cells and that LPMs may be involved in the regulation of mucosal epithelial renewal.
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PMID:Lamina propria macrophages in the human gastrointestinal mucosa: their distribution, immunohistological phenotype, and function. 867 93

Sarcoidosis, once thought to be a variant of tuberculosis, is currently listed as a disease of unknown etiology. The present study was initiated by unpublished observations that Schaumann bodies-the laminated inclusions often encountered in sarcoid granulomas-cross-reacted with commercial polyclonal antibodies to Mycobacterium bovis, Mycobacterium duvalii and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Given the broad cross-reactivity of many mycobacterial antigens, those findings lacked specificity but warranted in depth probing of the immunoprofile of the bodies, particularly for specific mycobacterial antigens. Formalin-fixed tissue from eight patients with an established diagnosis of sarcoidosis was studied with panels of antibodies against both common cytoplasmic proteins and various mycobacterial antigens, using a labeled streptavidin-biotin-alkaline phosphatase technique. Our findings indicate that Schaumann bodies are indeed residual bodies of heterophagic mycobacterial derivation. They immunostained intensely for the lysosomal proteins muramidase and CD68, variably for some cytoskeletal proteins (tubulin, desmin, vimentin) and not at all for cytokeratin, muscle actin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin and ferritin. Both cross-reactive and species specific antigenic determinants of M. tuberculosis complex were shown to be present. Affinity absorption with killed intact bacilli H37 Rv resulted in virtually equal loss of binding by all polyclonal antimycobacterial antibodies to cross-reactive ligands in Schaumann bodies. In addition, the bodies were clearly labeled with the monoclonal antibodies TB68 and TB71, known to recognize species specific epitopes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Although obtained on a small number of cases, our findings uphold Schaumann's original postulate that the laminated calcific inclusions represent remnants of "transformed tubercle bacilli".
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PMID:Cross-reactive and species specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens in the immunoprofile of Schaumann bodies: a major clue to the etiology of sarcoidosis. 872 Apr 56

Hyaline globules (extracellular collections of amorphous material) are identified in 10 of 59 renal cell carcinomas (RCC) and in 2 of 9 oncocytomas. Immunohistochemical characterization of these PAS-positive structures revealed the presence of basement membrane material in most cases. Collagen type IV and laminin were the predominant constituents, whereas fibronectin was detected only occasionally. Electron microscopic examination of the globules showed concentric multilayered accumulations of basement membrane material. No such structures were recognized in 8 renal pelvic transitional cell carcinomas nor in 2 metanephric adenomas. RCC associated hyaline globules were always negative for alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), amyloid A, cytokeratin, vimentin, or lysozyme. These features differ from those of the hyaline globules previously described in other malignant neoplasms, notably AAT-positive hyaline globules in ovarian tumors, and AFP-positive globules in yolk sac tumors. Identification and immunohistochemical characterization of hyaline globules in metastases may be helpful in determining the origin of occult primary tumors.
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PMID:Hyaline globules in renal cell carcinomas and oncocytomas. 910 37

We carried out an immunohistochemical analysis of nine spiradenomas and seven cylindromas. Our findings underscore the histomorphological similarities of the two adnexal neoplasms-namely, the expression of S-100 protein ascribed to eccrine differentiation within the tubular and large, pale-staining cells of both entities. Human milk fat globulin (HMFG) and lysozyme, two markers associated with apocrine differentiation, are expressed by tubular cells in spiradenomas and cylindromas. Lysozyme is also expressed in cylindromas by large, pale-staining cells. In addition, antibodies to alpha-smooth muscle actin strongly characterized the small basaloid cells of both types of neoplasm. Both spiradenomas and cylindromas expressed identical cytokeratin patterns. As with the various regions of eccrine and apocrine units, the expression by spiradenomas and cylindromas of keratins 7, 8, and 18 indicates differentiation toward the secretory tissue, whereas the expression of keratin 14 in some of the neoplastic cells points toward ductal differentiation. Malformed ductal and glandular structures in continuity with evolving spiradenomas and cylindromas in two of our cases also suggest that these tumors might arise from abortive adenxal anlagen.
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PMID:Spiradenoma and dermal cylindroma: comparative immunohistochemical analysis and histogenetic considerations. 965 Jul 9


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