Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Proteolytic enzymes were tested for improving histochemical localization of tissue antigens. Sections, 2-4 micron in thickness, were prepared on sodium-silicate coated slides from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human biopsies. A modification of the Sternberger technique (PAP) and the indirect immunofluorescence method were used for the localization of 15 various antigens: heavy chain immunoglobulins, light chain immunoglobulins, alpha 1-fetoprotein, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, myoglobin, fibronectin, factor VIII (ass. ag), fibrinogen, lysozyme and cytokeratin. The ability of different proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, pronase, pepsin) to unmask antigen in formalin-fixed sections were tested by variation of concentration, incubation time, temperature and pH. Although proteolytic unmasking to some extent is reliable, good restoration of antigenicity is not always possible. Best results were obtained with pronase E (Serva, FRG).
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PMID:[The proteolytic pretreatment of formalin-fixed tissue in immunohistochemical diagnosis]. 245 12

The binding pattern of antibodies against different cytokeratin (CK) polypeptides, tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lactoferrin (Lf), lysozyme (Ly) and secretory component (SC) in palatal glands (PSG) of long-term denture wearing patients has been studied to investigate immunohistochemically the localization of these marker proteins in normal PSG and in denture-induced sialadenitis of PSG. The study included palatal gland biopsies from 28 patients (15 f, 13 m; mean age 59 years), 17 of them with normal PSGs, 8 with focal obstructive sialadenitis, and 3 with diffuse sialadenitis. Presence of CK and TPA was found in all intra- and extraglandular salivary ducts, in the basophilic portions of acini, in some mucous acini, and in all atrophic acini. Increased expression of CEA and Lf was observed in inflammed areas of PSG which, on the other site, were devoid of Ly and SC. In the mucous acini of healthy PSG considerable basal Ly immunoreactivity was seen. SC was localized in almost all ductal cells and in some acinar cells. Appearance of Lf in the ductal cells of PSG indicates an early sign of palatal sialadenitis. Some distinctions in the expression pattern of the marker proteins between the mucous acini of major salivary glands and PSG point to differences in the functional activities of either group of salivary glands.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of palatal salivary glands of denture wearing patients. 246 20

Renal disease is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with plasma cell dyscrasia (PCD). We have conducted a systematic study of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded renal tissues from 53 patients with plasma cell dyscrasia, 24 of whom had Bence Jones cast nephropathy (with large casts, often associated with giant cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes). A battery of 5 immunocytochemical and lectin markers for various segments of the nephron was used [Tetragonolobus lotus, Arachis hypogaea (AH), Tamm-Horsfall protein (THP), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), and cytokeratin (AE1/AE3)]. In particular, we sought to determine the nature of the intratubular multinucleated giant cells in Bence Jones myeloma cast nephropathy with a variety of epithelial and hematopoietic cell markers. Although tubular epithelial cells stain with their respective markers (whether inflamed, thinned, detached, or adjacent to and lining casts), true intratubular giant cells in PCD were never positive for these tubular markers. In approximately one-third of the cases studied, intratubular and extratubular giant cells stained for several of the seven hematopoietic cell markers employed [i.e., alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), vimentin, and lysozyme], suggesting that giant cells are of hematopoietic origin. The majority of the casts are present in the distal nephron, although some casts were noted in more proximal sites of the nephron. Some larger casts did not stain for THP; smaller casts often showed lamination or stratification of THP staining. Finally, in one-half of the cases, Tamm Horsfall protein (THP) and other distal tubular markers (AH, EMA, AE1/AE3) were found in Bowman's space, almost always in association with interstitial deposits of THP; these markers were virtually never noted in Bowman's spaces of PCD patients without numerous large casts. This suggests that there are communications between distal and proximal nephron, most likely by intraluminal reflux but possibly also through breaks in the tubules and via the interstitium.
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PMID:Myeloma cast nephropathy: immunohistochemical and lectin studies. 246 87

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary is a rare, poorly understood aggressive tumor of young women, associated with paraendocrine hypercalcemia in two-thirds of the cases. Immunohistochemical staining of 15 small cell carcinomas, one-third of which were associated with hypercalcemia, 15 adult granulosa cell tumors, 15 juvenile granulosa cell tumors, and 5 Sertoli cell tumors, was performed with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins (AE-1/AE-3, CAM 5.2, 902), epithelial tumor-associated antigens (B72.3, epithelial membrane antigen [EMA]), vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), lysozyme, parathyroid hormone, and chromogranin-A in an attempt to define histogenetically this tumor type. One-third of the small cell carcinomas were positive for EMA, whereas all of them were negative for B72.3 and S-100. In contrast, one-third of the granulosa cell tumors were positive for S-100 and all of them were negative for EMA and B72.3. One of five Sertoli cell tumors were positive for EMA and two were positive for B72.3, but all were negative for S-100. Differences existed in the frequency, intensity, and/or pattern of staining for cytokeratin, vimentin, lysozyme, and NSE among the various tumor types. A single small cell carcinoma from a patient with hypercalcemia stained focally for parathyroid hormone, whereas all 30 granulosa cell tumors and 4 of 5 Sertoli cell tumors were nonreactive. Chromogranin-A staining was noted in four of five small cell carcinomas, none of ten granulosa cell tumors, and two of five Sertoli cell tumors. These immunohistochemical findings, as well as previous light and electron microscopic data, do not clearly indicate any specific cell as the cell of origin of the ovarian small cell carcinoma.
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PMID:Ovarian small cell carcinoma. Histogenetic considerations based on immunohistochemical and other findings. 247 44

Immunohistochemical demonstration of cytokeratin (CK), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), lactoferrin (Lf), lysozyme (Ly) and secretory component (SC) was performed in major salivary glands (MaSG), labial and palatal salivary glands (LSG, PSG). CK and TPA were demonstrated in ductal cells of all SGs. In addition, binding of anti-CK (Mw-56 Kd) antibody (AB) KL I was seen in all serious acini of MaSG, basophilic acini and demilunes of LSG and in some mucous acini of PSG. Binding of anti-CK (Mw 44-54 Kd) AB-PKK I, another polyclonal anti-CK (Mw 55-67 Kd) AB-PCK and anti-TPA AB was demonstrated in all basophilic acini of LSG, basophilic portions of mucous acini in PSG and not in acini of MaSG. Significant differences were observed in the expression of CEA, Ly, Lf and SC between acini of MaSG and MiSG which probably reflects different functions of these glands.
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PMID:Localization of epithelial markers and defence proteins in minor and major salivary glands. 247 85

To define the histogenesis of the Paget cell and possibly identify differences in cells from the two sites, six vulvar and 23 mammary specimens from Paget's disease lesions were studied for immunocytochemical antigens. All vulvar and 21 (91%) mammary lesions were strongly reactive for glandular cytokeratin. All lesions showed immunopositive Paget cells with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). An apocrine antigen, gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15), decorated 66.5% and 56.5% of extramammary and mammary lesions, respectively. All vulvar Paget cells stained for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a frequency significantly greater than the 35% in mammary lesions (p = 0.02). However, CEA is expressed by both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and their tumors. Vulvar Paget cells were negative for lysozyme, casein, lactalbumin, and S100 protein, compared with 9%, 4%, 4%, and 26% in nipple lesions. S100 protein expression is similar to that in mammary ductal carcinoma (32%). The glandular origin of both extramammary and mammary Paget cells is indicated by the presence of glandular cytokeratin, EMA, and CEA. Approximately 60% of all cases in both sites showed evidence of apocrine derivation (GCDFP-15 positivity). Variable antigen expression suggests possible malignant transformation of pluripotent germinative cells able to differentiate in an apocrine or an eccrine direction, or in both.
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PMID:Histogenesis of extramammary and mammary Paget cells. An immunohistochemical study. 254 98

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is among the most common soft tissue sarcomas of adult life, but rarely occurs elsewhere. We report an example of primary MFH of the lung and review 15 previously reported acceptable cases with current follow-up information. Histologically, the tumor in our case was pleomorphic with storiform and fascicular areas. Tumor cells showed positive immunostaining for alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, and vimentin. Stains for desmin, cytokeratin, myoglobin, epithelial membrane antigen, S-100 protein, and lysozyme were negative. Electron microscopic study showed histiocyte-like, fibroblast-like, intermediate, and undifferentiated tumor cells. A variety of methods were used to treat these patients. Two patients survived for 5 or more years, two were alive and well at 8 and 12 months, respectively, two were alive with metastatic tumor at 3 and 18 months, respectively, and ten patients died of tumor, with an average survival of 1 year.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung. 282 58

Immunoperoxidase studies were performed on 8 granular cell tumours using various intermediate filament proteins, as well as lysozyme, S-100 protein, and lectins. All the lesions gave negative results to cytokeratin, vimentin, desmin, myoglobin, neurofilament protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein and lysozyme. One was positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. S-100 protein and lectins (Concanavalin ensiformis and Triticum vulgaris) were uniformly positive in all the lesions. S-100 protein positivity would indicate that granular cell tumours are of neural or neuroectodermal origin, although the cell type involved is not clear. There is no obvious explanation for the lectin-binding properties of granular tumour cells. It is hoped that further studies will evaluate the usefulness of lectin histochemistry in defining the nature of granular cell tumours.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of granular cell tumour. 283 6

A primary, malignant pleomorphic giant cell tumor of the uterus was studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumor was characterized by spindle cells, plump epithelioid cells, pleomorphic giant cells, osteoclast-like giant cells, and foamy xanthomatous cells. Histochemically, tumor cells did not show either myogenic or epithelial characteristics. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were devoid of evidence of desmin, cytokeratin, myoglobin, and lysozyme (muramidase), but vimentin was weakly positive, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was weakly positive in the cytoplasm of pleomorphic giant cells. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells did not show either myogenic or epithelial features, but they resembled a variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The present case was classified as a storiform-pleomorphic and giant cell type of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the soft tissues. The uterus is considered to be an additional possible site of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the uterus. 303 Sep 5

A case of pleomorphic adenoma of the vagina in a 44-year-old woman was described. The tumor was a submucosal mass measuring 3.5 X 2 X 2 cm and located in the left lateral wall 1.5 cm inside the introitus. Histologically, it was predominantly composed of sheets and strands of spindle-shaped or polygonal cells focally dispersed in the myxoid tissue to form pseudomicrocysts. Ultrastructure demonstrated the basal lamina, desmosomes, variable amounts of filaments of both intermediate and microfilament, and occasionally microvilli in these tumor cells indicating that dominant cells were myoepithelial in nature. With immunohistochemical studies, keratin and cytokeratin were positive, whereas, S-100 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin, secretory component, and lysozyme were negative. The previously published cases were reviewed and compared with the present case.
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PMID:Pleomorphic adenoma with a predominantly myoepithelial proliferation of the vagina. 303 95


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