Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report the establishment of a novel cell line from a pediatric patient with recurrent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. This cell line, termed USP-91, showed both T-lymphoid cell as well as myeloid (ie, nonlymphoid) cell characteristics using a comprehensive multiparameter approach. The initial growth of this cell line was dependent on the presence of the murine stromal cell line, 14F1.1. Subsequently, a phenotypically stable, stroma-independent cell line was established. Although the recurrent biopsy material and the derivative cell line, USP-91, were clonally-derived from T-lineage lymphoid cells, as evidenced by the same rearrangement of the T-cell receptor-beta locus, USP-91 coexpressed both the T-cell antigens CD7, CD3, and CD4, and the myeloid antigens CD13, CD33, CD11b, and CD34. The myeloid features of USP-91 were most consistent with monocytic differentiation as these cells expressed alpha-napthol acetate esterase, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, as well as the cell surface receptor for macrophage colony-stimulating factor. In addition, incubation in the presence of phorbol esters induced USP-91 to exhibit morphologic and functional properties of mature mononuclear phagocytes. The expression of this bilineage phenotype suggests that USP-91 represents the malignant transformation of a progenitor cell capable of either myelomonocytic or T-lymphoid differentiation.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a human mixed-lineage, T-lymphoid/myeloid cell line (USP-91). 840 Feb 35

Expression of tissue- and development-specific genes is coordinately regulated during maturation of hematopoietic precursor cells toward functional, end-stage peripheral blood (PB) cells. To study the expression and methylation of several myeloid-specific genes during in vitro differentiation of normal hematopoietic progenitor cells, we used a model of CD34+ selected PB progenitor cells (PBPCs). PBPCs from six patients with solid tumors were recruited by standard-dose chemotherapy and subsequent administration of recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). PBPCs were collected and CD34+ cells selected by immunoadsorption columns using a biotinylated anti-CD34 monoclonal antibody. Enriched cells contained between 78% and 90% (median, 84%) CD34+ cells as determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. Cell preparations were cultured in the presence of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-3, IL-6 and stem cell factor and with or without G-CSF for various time intervals up to 20 days. Genes for CD34 surface antigen, lysozyme (LZM) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were examined by RNA and DNA analyses. A rapid and early downregulation of CD34 transcripts was observed, with concomitant, time-dependent upregulation of expression of both the LZM and MPO genes. These effects were enhanced in the presence of G-CSF. Analysis of the DNA methylation status at key sites within these genes showed a pattern of differentiation- and expression-associated demethylation of the LZM gene, which was also enhanced by G-CSF, and constitutive and unaltered demethylation at key regions of the CD34 and MPO genes. In conclusion, the genes for CD34, LZM, and MPO are regulated during in vitro culture of very immature PBPCs in the presence of stem cell factor, IL-1, IL-3, IL-6; their effects are enhanced by G-CSF.
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PMID:Developmental regulation of myeloid gene expression and demethylation during ex vivo culture of peripheral blood progenitor cells. 855 65

Thirteen dermal cylindromas (DC) have been studied immunohistochemically using a panel of antibodies that stain different portions of normal eccrine and apocrine glands. Distinct staining patterns were found in the different cell populations of the tumor. Although the expression of cytokeratins (CK) 19 and 1/10/11 in occasional duct structures could indicate excretory (ductal) differentiation, a link between DC and apocrine secretory coil is suggested by the expression of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, human milk factor globulin 1, alpha smooth muscle actin (1A4), and CK 8 and 18. The presence of intermingled S-100 protein-, HLA DR-, and CD1a-positive cells argues for the existence of Langerhans cells within the neoplasm. DC shares epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, mucin-like carcinoma-associated antigen (B12), laminin, collagen IV, fibronectin, and CD34(QBEND/10) expression with both eccrine and apocrine glands.
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PMID:Dermal cylindroma. An immunohistochemical study of thirteen cases. 859 35

A 30-year-old female complained of a surface-eroded solitary nodule on the right thigh. Histologically, the dermal lesion consisted of uniform-sized polygonal cells with eosinophilic, 'ground glass' cytoplasm. Mitoses were infrequent. Under the histopathologic diagnosis of amelanotic melanoma, wide resection of the skin and dissection of the inguinal lymph nodes were performed. The subcutaneous tissue and a lymph node showed nodular proliferation of histiocytoid cells, in association with hemosiderin-laden multinucleated giant cells. The mononuclear cells were immunoreactive for factor XIIIa, while the multinucleated cells were positive for CD68, lysozyme and HLA-DR. In the lymph node tissue, a considerable number of mononuclear cells positive for CD68 were noted. CD34, alpha-smooth muscle actin, desmin and HMB45 were negative. Ultrastructurally, the mononuclear cells were rich in 100 nm vesicles and 180-350 nm lysosome-like granules. Interdigitation of the plasma membranes was seen in the multinucleated cells. The patient did not complain of joint symptoms, and has been disease-free for 5 years. The histologic and immunohistochemical features are consistent with so-called 'reticulohistiocytoma', though the site of histiocytic growth was unusual.
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PMID:Reticulohistiocytoma involving the skin, subcutaneous tissue and a regional lymph node. 887 11

Factor XIIIa+ dendrophages and CD34+ "deep dermal dendrocytes" are distinct subsets of embryonic dermal dendritic stem cells that persist in interstitial and adventitial sites in adult dermis. We encountered a unique myxoid dermal tumor composed of these two cell types. It arose after trauma to the thumb of a 49-year-old man and was locally excised. The patient is without recurrence at 18 months. The disc-shaped tumor was lobulated, yellow, and mucoid and involved the margins. A fibrillar myxoid stroma contained mast cells, wispy collagen with medium-to-small vessels, and loosely deployed small eosinophilic tumor cells. The tumor cells were amitotic and had oval or bean-shaped, bland nuclei; some cells were binucleated. The cells were epithelioid or dendritic with bipolar, stellate, and racquet-shaped cytosomes whose tapering cell processes blended with fibrillar collagen. Vacuolated epithelioid cells focally formed vessel-like luminal structure. All cells strongly expressed vimentin. Thirty percent of the tumor cells were elongated, dendritic factor XIIIa+ cells whose dendritic processes enshrouded mast cells or FXIIIa-negative tumor cells. A subset of the FXIIIa+ cells also expressed MAC387 and lysozyme. The other 70% of the cells were CD34+. Many CD34+ cells were epithelioid with strong membrane and vacuolar decoration. Some CD34+ epithelioid cells had globular cytoplasmic inclusions. Other CD34+ cells were dendritic with multipolar fibrobroblast-like cytosomes and weaker CD34+ membrane decoration. Actin and S-100 were negative. Ki 67 was expressed in 1% of the tumor cells. Double stains for CD34 and Ki 67 showed that both CD34+ cells and FXIIIa+ dendrophages were Ki 67+, as were many papillary dermal vessel endothelial cells. The composition of the tumor by mast cells, FXIIIa+ dendrophages, and CD34+ primitive cells recapitulates the dermal microvascular unit. We propose the descriptive term myxoid dermatofibrohistiocytoma (MD) for this novel tumor. It appears to be an unusual response by dermal dendritic cells, perhaps due to continued stimulation by post-traumatic cytokines. Clarification of its biology and nosology awaits identification and study of more cases.
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PMID:Myxoid dermatofibrohistiocytoma: an indolent post-traumatic tumor composed of CD34+ epithelioid and dendritic cells and factor XIIIa+ dendrophages. 900 86

A histologic, immunohistochemical, and DNA ploidy analyses were performed on two cases of angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma to ascertain the histogenesis and relationship of endothelial, histiocytic, and fibroblastic elements. Both cases were slowly growing, grossly encapsulated. Subcutaneous masses resected from pediatric patients. Microscopically, the tumors were composed of solid masses of epithelioid and spindle cells with abnormal endothelial-lined and blood-filled cystic spaces surrounded by normal vascular structures and aggregates of lymphocytes occasionally forming germinal follicles. The tumor cells stained exclusively with CD34 and vimentin antibodies. Tumor-associated vessels stained for CD31, CD34, vimentin, and Ulex europaeus. Occasional cells within germinal follicles stained for lysozyme, CD68, and HAM56. Ploidy analysis of tumor cells showed intermediate aneuploidy with a DNA index of 1.14. Blood vessels within and surrounding the tumor as well as inflammatory cells were DNA euploid. These studies suggest that the tumor--though comprised of histologically and immunohistochemically benign-appearing euploid endothelial, fibroblastic, and inflammatory elements--contains an aneuploid population of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells.
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PMID:Angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma revisited. An immunohistochemical and DNA ploidy analysis. 965 Jul 10

We report a case of granulocytic sarcoma (chloroma) presenting as a giant breast tumor in a pregnant woman with no history of leukemia. The case was initially diagnosed as medullary carcinoma on a biopsy specimen and a modified radical mastectomy was performed. The diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma requires the pathologist's high index of suspicion. The presence of immature eosinophils was an important clue. Leder's chloroacetate esterase stain; immunostaining for myeloperoxidase, CD34, CD43, CD68, and lysozyme; and ultrastructural finding of cytoplasmic lysosomal granules and Auer bodies all aided in confirming the diagnosis. It is imperative to recognize granulocytic sarcoma to avoid unnecessary surgery. Granulocytic sarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of breast tumors, especially in tumors with diffuse proliferation of small tumor cells.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as a giant breast tumor in a pregnant woman: a case report. 960 73

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (UPA-R-CD87) is a GPI-anchored membrane protein which promotes the generation of plasmin on the surface of many cell types, probably facilitating cellular extravasation and tissue invasion. A flow cytometric quantitative analysis of expression levels for UPA-R was performed on fresh blast cells from patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML, n = 74), acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL, n = 24), and biphenotypic leukaemia (BAL, n = 3) using two CD87 monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) (3B10 and VIM5). Peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) cells from 15 healthy adults served as controls. Using 3B10 McAb, UPA-R was expressed (>99%) by blood monocytes, neutrophils, and BM myelomonocytic precursors in controls, whereas resting T and B lymphocytes, and CD34+ cells were UPA-R negative. We also attempted to clarify whether UPA-R has a role in mediating neutrophil functions. Oriented locomotion induced by different chemotaxins and lysozyme release by granules stimulated with fMLP or PMA were significantly decreased when UPA-R was neutralized by CD87 McAb. In contrast, the anti-UPA-R McAb had no effect on superoxide anion generation of normal neutrophils. Blasts from AML showed a heterogenous pattern of expression for the UPA-R McAbs, with reactivity strictly dependent on FAB subtype. The highest UPA-R expression was seen in the M5 group: all patients tested (n = 20) showed strong positivity for the UPA-R McAb whereas only 12% (3/24) of ALL patients were CD87 positive, and 2/3 of BAL patients showed a dim expression for CD87. The number of receptors expressed by blast cells in 6/74 (8.1%) AML patients was higher than those of normal samples: in addition, since co-expression of UPA-R and CD34 was not found in normal haemopoietic cells, it may be postulated that CD87 can be used alone (when overexpressed) or in combination with CD34 for the detection of minimal residual disease. Results also indicated that patients with UPA-receptors >12 x 10(3) ABC/cell, irrespective of FAB subtype, had a greater tendency for cutaneous and tissue infiltration and a higher frequency of chromosome abnormalities, thus suggesting the concept that cellular UPA-R content positively correlates with the invasive potential of AML cells. The combination of higher UPA-R positivity, abnormalities of chromosome 11, and M5 FAB morphology may identify a peculiar subset of AML, characterized by a more aggressive clinical course.
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PMID:Expression and functional role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in normal and acute leukaemic cells. 979 97

In spite of advances in immunohistochemical techniques, the histological subclassification of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in bone marrow biopsy has remained difficult. In particular, the translation of the diagnostic criteria of the French-American-British (FAB) cooperative group as primarily defined by bone marrow cytology into histology poses considerable problems. In this study, we investigated the expression of lactoferrin (LF) in various subtypes of AML and studied the usefulness of its immunohistochemical detection combined with a panel of antibodies directed against myeloperoxidase (MPOX), lysozyme (LYS), CD34 and naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase (NACE) staining in solving this problem. Trephine biopsies of 52 cases of AML were selected for histological evaluation in comparison to bone marrow aspirates classified according to FAB (M1 n = 10, M2 n = 7, M3 n = 11, M4 n = 13 and M5 n = 11). The results obtained confirmed the specificity of LF as a marker for secondary granules in neutrophilic myeloid cells and as a tool to subclassify AML. Its parallel application with (immuno-)staining for MPOX, LYS and NACE has allowed the identification of M1, M3, M5 cases, where there LF is lacking. Typically M2 is characterized by a subpopulation of LF-positive cells which tend to display a myelocytic differentiation. However, M4 shows a heterogeneous expression pattern of LF: M4a may be defined as more immature variant without LF expression while in M4b a more mature myeloid subpopulation stains positive for LF.
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PMID:Classification of acute myeloid leukaemia in trephine biopsies with special reference to lactoferrin. 985 76

Multinucleated giant cells (MNGCs) expressing the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are characteristically found in hyperplastic tonsils and adenoids, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome encephalitis, vacuolar myelopathy, and lymph nodes coinfected with opportunistic pathogens. We identified similar polykaryons in the hyperplastic gut-associated immune system of an HIV-infected patient. Colonic biopsy specimens from this patient with heme-positive stools were studied by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization for HIV-specific RNA. No bleeding source was identified by endoscopic or light microscopic examination of the biopsied tissues. There was diffuse and nodular lymphoid hyperplasia with germinal centers. HIV RNA-positive and p24 gag-positive Langhans'-type MNGCs and mononuclear cells (MNCs) were present within the lamina propria The MNGCs and MNCs were identified as macrophages on the basis of TEM and expression of CD68, HAM56, and lysozyme markers. They also expressed S100 protein, a marker of dendritic/Langerhans' cells, but they lacked Birbeck granules by TEM. In situ hybridization demonstrated RNA expression by MNGCs, MNCs, and follicular dendritic cells. TEM revealed budding and mature HIV particles on the plasma membranes of MNGCs, MNCs, and follicular dendritic cells. We conclude, therefore, that hyperplastic gut-associated immune systems can contain HIV-positive MNGCs and MNCs of the type seen in tonsils and adenoids and opportunistic pathogen-infected lymph nodes. Associated with immune activation, macrophages can express markers of dendritic/Langerhans' cells, cell types derived from the same CD34-positive bone marrow progenitor.
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PMID:Human immunodeficiency virus-rich multinucleated giant cells in the colon: a case report with transmission electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. 995 Jan 66


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