Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by ultrasonic treatments under static pressure (Mano-Sonication, MS) and a combined MS/heat treatment (Mano-Thermo-Sonication) was investigated. The sporicidal effect of MS treatments depended on static pressure, amplitude of ultrasonic waves and treatment temperature. At 70 degrees C, pressure increments up to 500 kPa caused progressively more inactivation. An MS treatment at 500 kPa and 117 microns of amplitude for 12 min inactivated approximately 99% of the B. subtilis spore population. Over 500 kPa, further increments in pressure did not increase the percentage of inactivation. In the range 90-150 microns, an exponential relationship was observed between the amplitude of ultrasonic waves under pressure and the number of survivors. While an MS treatment (20 kHz, 300 kPa, 70 degrees C, 12 min) at 90 microns inactivated 75% of the B. subtilis spore population, the same treatment at 150 microns inactivated 99.9% of this population. The MS treatments at temperatures higher than 70 degrees C (MTS) led to more spore inactivation. In the range 70-90 degrees C, the combination of heat with an MS treatment (20 kHz, 300 kPa, 117 microns, 6 min) had a synergistic effect on spore inactivation. The inactivating effect of ultrasound was due neither to titanium particles eroded from the sonication tip, nor to free radicals released during ultrasonic treatment. The MS treatments sensitized spores of B. subtilis to lysozyme.
 ...
PMID:Inactivation of Bacillus subtilis spores by combining ultrasonic waves under pressure and mild heat treatment. 983 Jan 20

Dibutyryl chitin (DBC) is a modified chitin carrying butyryl groups at 3 and 6 positions; its peculiarity is that it dissolves promptly in common solvents, while being insoluble in aqueous systems. The high biocompatibility of dibutyryl chitin in the form of films and non-wovens has been demonstrated for human, chick and mouse fibroblasts by the Viability/Cytotoxicity assay, In situ Cell Proliferation assay, Neutral Red Retention assay, Lactate Dehydrogenase Release assay, MTS cytotoxicity assay, and scanning electron microscopy. DBC was hardly degradable by lysozyme, amylase, collagenase, pectinase and cellulase over the observation period of 48 days at room temperature, during which no more than 1.33% by weight of the DBC filaments (0.3 mm diameter) was released to the aqueous medium. DBC non-wovens were incorporated into 5-methylpyrrolidinone chitosan solution and submitted to freeze-drying to produce a reinforced wound dressing material. The latter was tested in vivo in full thickness wounds in rats. The insertion of 4x4 mm pieces did not promote any adverse effect on the healing process, as shown histologically. DBC is therefore suitable for contacting intact and wounded human tissues.
 ...
PMID:The biocompatibility of dibutyryl chitin in the context of wound dressings. 1594 50

We report here the development of a chitosan/beta-glycerophosphate(Ch/beta-GP) thermo-sensitive gel to deliver ellagic acid (EA) for cancer treatment. The properties of the Ch/beta-GP gels were characterized regarding chemical structure, surface morphology, and viscoelasticity. In vitro EA release rate from the EA loaded Ch/beta-GP gel and chitosan degradation rate were investigated. The anti-tumor effect of the EA loaded Ch/beta-GP gel on brain cancer cells (human U87 glioblastomas and rat C6 glioma cells) was evaluated by examining cell viability. Cell number and activity were monitored by the MTS assay. The Ch/beta-GP solution formed a heat-induced gel at body temperature, and the gelation temperature and time were affected by the final pH of the Ch/beta-GP solution. The lysozyme increased the EA release rate by 2.5 times higher than that in the absence of lysozyme. Dialyzed chitosan solution with final pH 6.3 greatly reduced the beta-GP needed for gelation, thereby significantly improving the biocompatibility of gel (p < 0.001). The chitosan gels containing 1% (w/v) of ellagic acid significantly reduced viability of U87 cells and C6 cells compared with the chitosan gels at 3 days incubation (p < 0.01, and p < 0.001, respectively).
 ...
PMID:A chitosan/beta-glycerophosphate thermo-sensitive gel for the delivery of ellagic acid for the treatment of brain cancer. 2018 70

A novel anti-proliferative macromolecular conjugate, CS-g-MMCs, was synthesized in order to decrease the cytotoxicity of Mitomycin C (MMC) which was a traditional anti-proliferative agent of fibroblast in trabeculectomy. The structure of CS-g-MMCs was characterized by (1)H NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy and GPC analysis. The grafting degree (dg) of MMC onto chitosan (CS) was determined to be in the range of 2.8-11.3%, which could be controlled by variation of the molar ratios of MMC to oxidized chitosan (CS-CHO). In the drug release profiles of CS-g-MMCs in vitro, an initial burst followed by slow leakage was observed, and addition of acid or lysozyme obviously accelerated the MMC release. The MTS assay indicated that CS-CHO of 8 mg/ml has no cytotoxicity against human Tenon's capsule fibroblasts (HTCFs). The inhibition of HTCFs proliferation by CS-g-MMCs increased along with increasing the dg of conjugate. The CS-g-MMCs also caused the apoptosis of HTCFs and interfered in the active DNA synthesis in HTCFs. Furthermore, the expression of a-SMA at gene and protein levels were obviously lower when HTCFs were treated with CS-g-MMCs, as compared to MMC or blend of MMC/CS-CHO (p<0.05). Our results primarily demonstrated that the CS-g-MMCs conjugates have low cytotoxicity and have the effect to inhibit fibroblast proliferation.
 ...
PMID:Synthesis of a novel CS-g-MMCs conjugate and the inhabitation on the proliferation of Tenon's capsule fibroblasts in vitro. 2240 92

Previous studies have shown that the method of hydrogen mass repartitioning (HMR) is a potentially useful tool for accelerating molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. By repartitioning the mass of heavy atoms into the bonded hydrogen atoms, it is possible to slow the highest-frequency motions of the macromolecule under study, thus allowing the time step of the simulation to be increased by up to a factor of 2. In this communication, we investigate further how this mass repartitioning allows the simulation time step to be increased in a stable fashion without significantly increasing discretization error. To this end, we ran a set of simulations with different time steps and mass distributions on a three-residue peptide to get a comprehensive view of the effect of mass repartitioning and time step increase on a system whose accessible phase space is fully explored in a relatively short amount of time. We next studied a 129-residue protein, hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL), to verify that the observed behavior extends to a larger, more-realistic, system. Results for the protein include structural comparisons from MD trajectories, as well as comparisons of pKa calculations via constant-pH MD. We also calculated a potential of mean force (PMF) of a dihedral rotation for the MTS [(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-pyrroline-3-methyl)methanethiosulfonate] spin label via umbrella sampling with a set of regular MD trajectories, as well as a set of mass-repartitioned trajectories with a time step of 4 fs. Since no significant difference in kinetics or thermodynamics is observed by the use of fast HMR trajectories, further evidence is provided that long-time-step HMR MD simulations are a viable tool for accelerating MD simulations for molecules of biochemical interest.
...
PMID:Long-Time-Step Molecular Dynamics through Hydrogen Mass Repartitioning. 2657 92

BACKGROUND To fabricate strontium (Sr)-incorporated titanium (Ti) surfaces by a novel 1-step phase-transited lysozyme (PTL) treatment, and investigate the effects of the prepared samples on osteogenesis and osteoimmunoregulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Five groups of titanium specimens were prepared, including Ti, PTL, PTL@10Sr (PTL coating with 10 mg/mL Sr), PTL@20Sr PTL coating with 20 mg/mL Sr), and PTL@50Sr (PTL coating with 50 mg/mL Sr) groups. Behaviors of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) such as initial attachment, spread, proliferation, and migration, on different surfaces were examined by immunofluorescence, MTS assay, and Transwell system. Then the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was detected. When an immune response was factored in, the polarization of macrophages induced by the prepared surfaces was detected by real-time PCR, and the response of BMSCs to macrophage-conditioned medium was assessed in terms of cell migration and osteogenic differentiation. Finally, an in vivo study was performed, using the rat femora implant model, to evaluate the potential for osteogenic induction and osteoimmunoregulation of materials. RESULTS Our in vitro experiments indicated that PTL coating could improve cell spread and adhesion, and the stable Sr release of PTL@Sr layers could promote cell migration and osteogenesis. Moreover, PTL@Sr surface could regulate the immune response of macrophages resulting in enhanced BMSCs recruitment and osteogenic differentiation. The in vivo evaluation showed less inflammatory infiltration and improved bone formation in the PTL@20Sr group. CONCLUSIONS The Sr-loaded PTL layers have greater potential for the induction of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, meanwhile Sr-loaded PTL layers could adjust the immune response and thus promote osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Application of a Strontium-Loaded, Phase-Transited Lysozyme Coating to a Titanium Surface to Enhance Osteogenesis and Osteoimmunomodulation. 3097 61