Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An analysis was made of the rhabdomyosarcomas diagnosed in the Dept. of Pathology of the University of Groningen between 1971 and 1983. Ten cases diagnosed in patients over 30 years of age were studied in detail. After review the diagnosis was discarded on morphologic criteria in all cases. In 9 cases it was changed into malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and in one case this diagnosis was favoured, but inconclusive. In 5 cases immunohistochemical studies could be performed. In all cases staining for the muscle specific intermediate filaments desmin appeared negative and for the mesenchymal intermediate filaments vimentin positive. These cases were also positive for one or more of the histiocytic markers alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and lysozyme. It is concluded that rhabdomyosarcoma in older patients is extremely rare and the possible relationship between MFH in the adult and rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood is discussed.
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PMID:The rarity of rhabdomyosarcomas in the adult. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study. 241 57

Twenty undifferentiated skin tumors were examined by immunostaining in an attempt to achieve more precise identification. Light microscopy yielded only a differential diagnosis, whereas immunostaining of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections with a panel of antibodies to intermediate filaments and other cell components led to a definitive diagnosis. Four cytokeratin-positive epithelial tumors were subtyped into squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas with the use of antibodies to different cytokeratin polypeptides. Fifteen vimentin-positive tumors were subdivided into malignant melanomas with the use of antibody to S-100 protein, lymphomas with the use of antibody to immunoglobulin, and mesenchymal tumors (angiosarcomas, atypical fibroxanthomas, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and meningiomas) with the use of antibody to S-100 protein, factor VIII, and lysozyme. One desmin-positive tumor was diagnosed as a leiomyosarcoma of the skin. A scheme is presented for using immunohistochemistry to facilitate the diagnosis of undifferentiated tumors involving the skin.
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PMID:Role of immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of undifferentiated tumors involving the skin. 242 50

Sections of primary lung carcinomas, lung metastases, mesotheliomas, and lung metastases of some rare mesenchymal tumors were incubated with different cytokeratin (CK), vimentin, desmin, and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) antibodies and with antibodies reactive with different hormones (ACTH, PTH, alpha-HCG, Calcitonin CT), CEA, carcinoma-associated antigen (CA1), secretory component (SC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT), lysozyme (lyso), and S-100 protein (S 100). CK antibodies derived from a 49 kD (reactive with simple epithelia [SE]) and a 67 kD CK polypeptide fraction (reaction with complex epithelia [CE] were useful differentiation markers for the four major groups of lung carcinomas. In one half of small cell carcinomas a positive reaction with NSE antibodies was found. S 100 and SC were good markers for papillary and bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinomas, whereas CEA was less important because of its reactivity with different types of lung carcinomas. To discern clear cell carcinomas of lung and renal origin a positive reaction with vimentin antibodies (some renal but not lung types) and with CA1 (no renal but all lung types) seemed to be useful. All hormone antibodies were of no importance as markers for difficult differential diagnosis, because positive reactivities were found in cases from every major carcinoma group. In addition, a Ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was found in mesotheliomas but not in papillary adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and histochemical markers of primary lung cancer, lung metastases, and pleural mesotheliomas. 243 80

The histogenesis of alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) has been investigated since its description. Twenty ASPS cases were analyzed for immunohistochemical content, with emphasis directed toward the paraganglial, Schwann cell, and muscle theories of histogenesis. In addition, the cases were examined for possible prognostic clinical features. The clinical characteristics of the patients were similar to those reported previously concerning average age (23 years); male:female ratio (1:1); and predominant primary site (lower extremity, nine cases). Despite a local recurrence rate of 20% and a metastatic rate of 68% (including four at presentation), the natural history was often indolent and relapse commonly occurred very late. The average follow-up period was 10.1 years. While the overall 5-year survival was 67%, only seven of 18 patients were alive without disease at last follow-up (1.7-32 years), and one patient died of tumor after a 28-year disease-free interval. Neither tumor size nor site appeared to affect prognosis. The tumors were analyzed immunohistochemically for neurofilament, S-100 protein, met-enkephalin, leu-enkephalin, acetylcholinesterase, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Factor VIII-related antigen, serotonin, lysozyme, neuron-specific enolase, myoglobin, cytokeratins, desmin, and vimentin. Except for weak vimentin immunoreactivity, no other antigenic expression was detected despite multiple repeated experiments with several antibodies. S-100 protein which is present in virtually all granular cell tumors was absent in the cases of ASPS. The lack of detectable expression of neurofilament, met-enkephalin and leu-enkephalin, and neuron-specific enolase is interpreted as evidence against the paraganglial theory of histogenesis. Similarly, the repeated absence of the muscle proteins, desmin and myoglobin, in contrast to a previous report, is interpreted as evidence against a myogenic origin.
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PMID:Alveolar soft part sarcoma. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study. 243 29

Seven cardiac myxomas were studied by immunoperoxidase and immunofluorescence in formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues. Specific antisera to factor VIII related antigens, vimentin, myosin of smooth muscle, actin, desmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, muramidase, fibrin and prekeratin antigens were used. All myxoma cells reacted positively with antibodies to vimentin and showed no staining reaction with antibodies to alpha-1-antitrypsin, muramidase, myosin, or prekeratin. Factor VIII related antigen was found only in endothelial cells and not in myxoma cells proper. Fibrin was found in patchy areas within the stroma. Antisera to actin and desmin failed to react with formalin fixed tissue. Our results suggest that the main cellular component of cardiac myxoma is a primitive mesenchymal cell without immunohistochemical evidence of more specific differentiation.
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PMID:Cardiac myxoma. A retrospective immunohistochemical study. 243 71

Variant expressions of modified myoepithelial cells in salivary pleomorphic adenomas are described as determined by immunohistochemical techniques which visualized the distributions of S-100 protein, intermediate-sized filament proteins (keratin, vimentin, and desmin), and contractile proteins (myosin and actin), as well as lysozyme and lactoferrin. Immunohistochemical staining patterns of S-100 protein were basically used to classify modified myoepithelial cells, along with histologic criteria. Histochemical modifications of myoepithelial cells in pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands could be divided into a) reactive, b) transformed, and c) neoplastic myoepithelial cells. Reactive myoepithelial cells were stromal-like cells which displayed an intense S-100 protein reaction. Transformed myoepithelial cells were negative or slightly positive for S-100 protein; they were located in the outer zone of tubular or duct-like structures and were spindle-shaped. The inner round cells of tubular and ductal structures, which could be ductal origin, gave intense keratin staining, as well as marked reactions for lysozyme and lactoferrin. Neoplastic myoepithelial cells were plasmatoid or fibrous types of cells and contained abundant S-100 protein and vimentin. These cells were termed "myoepithelioma" as in classical diagnosis.
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PMID:Various expressions of modified myoepithelial cells in salivary pleomorphic adenoma. Immunohistochemical studies. 244 94

The nature of the stromal cells in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material from 23 cerebellar haemangioblastomas was investigated using antisera to intermediate filaments (glial fibrillary acidic protein, vimentin and desmin), histiocytic markers (alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and lysozyme), glycolytic enzymes (alpha and gamma enolase and aldolase C4) and the endothelial markers, factor VIII related antigen and Ulex europaeus I lectin. Most stromal cells stained positively for vimentin and the glycolytic enzymes. Occasional process-bearing cells within the stroma stained strongly for glial fibrillary acidic protein, alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. No stromal cell staining for desmin, lysozyme or the endothelial markers was observed, although the latter stained the vascular endothelium within all neoplasms. The findings do not support previous suggestions of an endothelial or histiocytic origin for the stromal cells. They appear to be a heterogeneous population including entrapped reactive astrocytes and locally-derived non-angiogenic cells of neuroectodermal (pial) origin.
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PMID:Stromal cells in cerebellar haemangioblastomas: an immunocytochemical study. 245 34

Two hepatocellular carcinomas and six hepatoblastomas were examined for the presence of 13 antigens using immunoperoxidase, avidin-biotin, staining techniques. Primary antibodies were directed against alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), lysozyme (LYS), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron specific enolase (NSE), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), hepatitis B surface antigen (HbSA), lactoferrin (LF), desmin (DES), vimentin (VIM), and keratin (KER). Except for HbSA, the antigen staining pattern was unable to differentiate between hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Both neoplasms where positive for AFP, AAT, CEA, EMA, and KER; however, neither stained for GFAP, NSE, LYS, LF, HCG, or DES. Vimentin was weakly positive in those hepatoblastomas where mesenchymal tissue was present in the tumor. Only the tissue adjacent to hepatocellular carcinomas stained positively for HbSA and correlated with the elevated serum levels of HbSA.
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PMID:Patterns of antigen expression in hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood. 248 9

The purpose of this immunohistochemical study was to know the degree and direction of differentiation, the mechanism of mesenchymal appearance, and histogenesis in pleomorphic adenomas which were obtained from surgical removed specimens. All specimens were fixed in 10% neutral phosphoate buffered formalin, and embedded in paraffin. Sections were steined with the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method for keratin, vimentin, desmin and S-100 protein, the peroxidase-antiperoxidase method for lysozyme, and the direct immunoperoxidase method for IgA and secretory component. Normal salivary glands were employed as controls. 1. Solid portion of pleomorphic adenomas were consisted of the focal hypline cells and scattered the duct cell-like cells. The hyaline cells were positive for vimentin and S-100 protein, and the duct cell-like cells were positive for keratin. But one case was found the bundles of spindle-shaped cells which was similar to myoepithelial cells were positive for actin and another case was consisted of the focal duct cell-like cells were observed. 2. In the tubular portion, the duct-like structures were classified into three types. One type was mono-layered structure, another type was double-layered structure and the other type is duct-like structure in the solid portion. Any inner layer of the duct-like structure were positive for keratin. 3. Double-layered duct-like structures were most common type. Among the double-layered structures, hyaline cells mostly made up the outer layered structures. At times, the spindleshaped cells of the outer layer were found. This structures were similar to intercalated portion of normal salivary glands. In one case, inner and outer layer was consisted of keratin positive cells, but outer layer was steined for keratin stronger than inner. This structure was similar to excretory duct of normal salivary glands. 4. IgA and sc were seen at inner cells and in luminal accumulation of the duct-like structures. 5. In the myxoid regions, stellate cells or spindle cells were positive for vimentin, S-100 protein and partial positive for desmin. In the chondroid regions, chondrocyte-like cells were positive for vimentin and S-100 protein. These results seemed to suggest that pleomorphic adenomas were composed of duct cell-like cells and hyaline cells. Duct cell-like cells consisted of the duct-like structure in order to transport secretion which was similar to the duct of normal salivary glands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical study in pleomorphic adenomas of human parotid gland--with special reference to cytoskeletal filamentous proteins]. 248

Thirty-three cases of European Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were investigated by immunohistochemical methods using a panel of antibodies specific for the markers of the cell types proposed for its histogenesis in the literature: S-100 protein for Schwann cells; lysozyme for histiocytes; alpha-actin, desmin and vimentin for pericytes and other mesenchyme-derived cells; factor VIIIR:Ag and Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I for endothelial cells. Antifibronectin antibodies were also used in order to investigate some functional activities of the proliferating cells. Immunohistochemical results showed that KS cells were diffusely positive for vimentin and alpha-actin and negative for all other cell markers. Furthermore, KS cells were constantly surrounded by fibronectin-positive material. Since the KS cells are diffusely positive for vimentin, they may be considered a monotypic proliferation of mesenchyme-derived cells which lack the markers of full endothelial cell differentiation; however, the occurrence of fibronectin-positive material around them suggests that these cells are actively proliferating endothelial cells and their diffuse positivity for alpha-actin suggests a possible differentiation to pericytic cells. In conclusion KS cells may be considered as mesenchymal cells which are at an intermediate stage of maturity or immaturity in vascular differentiation.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical profile of Kaposi's sarcoma cells: their reactivity to a panel of antibodies directed against different tissue cell markers. 249 8


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