Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. After extraction of teichoic acid from cell walls of Bacillus licheniformis with dilute alkali, the insoluble residue contains the teichuronic acid and mucopeptide components and a small amount of residual phosphorus. 2. A complex of teichuronic acid and a part of the mucopeptide was isolated from the soluble fraction obtained by lysozyme treatment of alkali extracted walls. 3. Small-molecular-weight mucopeptide fragments, not containing teichuronic acid, are obtained from the soluble fraction in yields similar to those obtained after treatment of whole walls or acid-extracted walls with lysozyme. 4. The covalent linkages between teichuronic acid and mucopeptide are broken by treatment with dilute acid. The release of teichuronic acid chains is accompanied by the hydrolysis of N-acetylgalactosaminide linkages and the exposed N-acetylgalactosamine residues form chromogen under very mild conditions, indicating that they are substituted on C-3. 5. The initial rate of formation of reactive N-acetylgalactosamine residues during mild acid hydrolysis is parallel to the rate of extraction under the same conditions of teichuronic acid from alkali-treated insoluble walls, and to the rate of acid hydrolysis of glucose 1-phosphate. 6. The results suggest that the teichuronic acid chains are attached through reducing terminals of N-acetylgalactosamine residues to phosphate groups in the mucopeptide. 7. Muramic acid phosphate was isolated from the insoluble mucopeptide remaining after extraction of walls with dilute alkali followed by dilute acid.
 ...
PMID:The cell wall of Bacillus licheniformis N.C.T.C. 6346. Linkage between the teichuronic acid and mucopeptide components. 541 40

To study what determines the arthritogenicity of bacterial cell walls, cell wall-induced arthritis in the rat was applied, using four strains of Lactobacillus. Three of the strains used proved to induce chronic arthritis in the rat; all were Lactobacillus casei. The cell wall of Lactobacillus fermentum did not induce chronic arthritis. All arthritogenic bacterial cell walls had the same peptidoglycan structure, whereas that of L. fermentum was different. Likewise, all arthritogenic cell walls were resistant to lysozyme degradation, whereas the L. fermentum cell wall was lysozyme sensitive. Muramic acid was observed in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes in considerably larger amounts after injection of an arthritogenic L. casei cell wall than following injection of a nonarthritogenic L. fermentum cell wall. The L. casei cell wall also persisted in the tissues longer than the L. fermentum cell wall. The present results, taken together with those published previously, underline the possibility that the chemical structure of peptidoglycan is important in determining the arthritogenicity of the bacterial cell wall.
 ...
PMID:Bacterial cell wall-induced arthritis: chemical composition and tissue distribution of four Lactobacillus strains. 1081 8