Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The bone marrow biopsy specimens of 35 patients with benign and malignant erythroid hyperplasias were examined for the presence of hemoglobin A, hemoglobin F, muramidase (lysozyme), and transferrin, using an indirect immunoperoxidase method (PAP) on Zenker's-fixed paraffin-embedded bone marrow biopsy specimens and particles. Five cases of each of the following entities were studied: erythroleukemia and erythremic myelosis, acute granulocytic leukemia with maturation (FAB M2), polycythemia rubra vera, myeloproliferative syndrome in childhood, megaloblastic anemia (B12 and folate deficiency), erythroid hyperplasia (regenerating bone marrow and hemolytic anemia), and Ph' chromosome positive chronic granulocytic leukemia. Hemoglobin A was present in both the early and late erythroid precursors in all conditions. Hemoglobin F was the predominant hemoglobin in early erythroblasts of pernicious anemia and in both early and late erythroid elements in erythroleukemia and erythremic myelosis. Small quantities of hemoglobin F were present in a few isolated clusters in other conditions. Staining for hemoglobin F may be useful in identifying immature erythroid precursors and in distinguishing some cases of dysplastic erythroid hyperplasia from neoplasia. Additionally, these findings suggest that the maturational switch in hemoglobin synthesis operates with distinct pathways under different conditions.
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PMID:An immunohistochemical study of hemoglobin A, hemoglobin F, muramidase, and transferrin in erythroid hyperplasia and neoplasia. 619 99

Lactoferrin and lysozyme, parts of the non-specific defense system, were studied in normal and diseased parotid glands, using the immunohistochemical PAP-method. 31 normal and inflamed glands were investigated. The presence of lactoferrin and lysozyme was demonstrated in the acinar cells and some duct cells. The amount of these substances was increased in obstructive parotitis. The 52 carcinomas showed a distinct distribution pattern for lactoferrin (positive cases: adenocarcinomas 5 of 8; cystadenocarcinoma: 3 of 5; adenoid cystic carcinomas 2 of 4; salivary duct carcinomas 2 of 3). Some of the carcinomas in pleomorphic adenomas were positive for lactoferrin. Squamous cell carcinomas and anaplastic carcinomas were constantly negative. All carcinomas were negative for lysozyme. These observations are discussed with respect to their physiological and pathological significance.
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PMID:Lactoferrin and lysozyme in carcinomas of the parotid gland. A comparative immunocytochemical study with the occurrence in normal and inflamed tissue. 627 2

Until recently, the diagnosis and classification of malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) has been based on light- and electron-microscopic appearances. Tissue culture studies have led to the suggestion that these tumors have a common histiocytic origin. Using the immunoperoxidase PAP technique, a variety of soft-tissue tumors have been stained for the histiocyte markers alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT) and lysozyme. A1AT and A1ACT are found to be useful specific markers for tumors of the MFH group whereas lysozyme is not a reliable marker for such tumors. The presence of these substances within the tumors supports the theory that they share a common origin from tissue histiocytes. Only a proportion of superficial skin histiocytomas stain for A1AT and A1ACT, raising the possibility that these are a heterogeneous group and do not share a common histogenesis with MFH.
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PMID:Demonstration of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in fibrous histiocytomas using the immunoperoxidase technique. 629 23

Forty-two cases of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) have been studied with light microscopy during the 9-year period 1974 to 1982. Thirty-three patients had ES of bone, and in 9 patients the tumor was located in the extraskeletal soft tissues. Cases which fulfilled all the morphologic criteria were accepted as typical ES (31 cases), and those with some architectural or cytologic peculiarities were considered atypical forms of ES (11 cases). An immunohistochemical study (PAP method) to evaluate the presence in the tumor cells of the following markers: myoglobin, F-VIII-related antigen, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM, kappa and lambda light chains), was performed with negative results in all cases (paraffin blocks were available in 38 cases). The cytochemical study on fresh tissue imprints from five patients (PAS, Sudan Black, alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, acid phosphatase, beta glucuronidase, myeloperoxidases, naphthol-AS-D chloroacetate esterase and alkaline phosphatase) gave no pattern of histogenetic significance, PAS being the best morphologic marker in tissue sections and touch preparations. A detailed ultrastructural study was performed on 34 cases; the main findings may be summarized as follows: medium sized cells, polygonal shape, oval nuclei, smooth nuclear envelope, abundant euchromatin, well-developed nucleolonema, scant membranous organelles, abundant hyaloplasmic glycogen, occasional lipid vacuoles, straight cell membranes, and primitive intercellular junctions. No differences were found between bone and extraskeletal ES; moreover, typical and atypical forms showed moderate quantitative differences with no qualitative change. The histogenesis is discussed; no functional or morphologic markers have been found to suggest the cell of origin; however, some cell lines may be excluded. It is the impression of the authors that they are dealing with a primitive noncommitted mesenchymal cell.
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PMID:On the histogenesis of Ewing's sarcoma. An ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and cytochemical study. 636 49

A case of gastric carcinoma mostly composed of cells with histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of Paneth cells prompted a comparative investigation of the occurrence of similar cells in gastric, colorectal and mammary carcinomas. Cells containing lysozyme were demonstrated by the immunoperoxidase-PAP technique in 34.9% of 83 gastric carcinomas. They were found in 38% of intestinal-type and in 30% of diffuse-type tumours. Paneth-type granules were demonstrated ultrastructurally in 4 of 7 carcinomas in which lysozyme had been demonstrated immunohistochemically. No lysozyme was demonstrated in a series of 30 breast carcinomas and in only 1 of 27 cases of colorectal neoplasm. The possibility of using lysozyme as a marker for some carcinomas of gastric origin is considered.
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PMID:Neoplastic cells containing lysozyme in gastric carcinomas. 637 86

Immunoperoxidase study can be performed either on fixed and paraffin embedded biopsy specimens or on frozen sections. Advantages and limits of these two methods, as well as the results obtained on normal and pathologic lymphoid tissue are presented. Immunoperoxidase on paraffin sections (PAP technic) is a simple method which allows a good morphologic analysis. However, most of the fixatives destroy proteic antigens particularly those linked to the cell membrane. Thus surface immunoglobulins (S.Ig) cannot be detected. In contrast cytoplasmic immunoglobulins remain antigenic enough to be demonstrated in routine paraffin embedded sections. In lymphomas synthesizing monotypic immunoglobulins, the percentage of labelled cells varies from 5 to 80%. Beside the background staining, which can be attenuated by trypsinisation, absorption of extracellular substances is often responsible for a false positive staining. Pathologists are mainly confronted with the passive uptake of extracellular immunoglobulins (IgG K and IgG L), as well as other serum proteins (lysozyme etc...). Immunoperoxidase on frozen sections allows the use of monoclonal antibodies. A large number of surface and cytoplasmic antigens can be detected. First, the localization of B and T lymphocytes, NK cells, interdigitating cells and dendritic reticulum cells within the normal lymph node is described. In the second part, the interest of monoclonal antibodies in differential diagnosis between lymphoma and pseudo-lymphoma, and in phenotyping of lymphomas is discussed. Now, it is possible to perform an in situ immunologic characterization of most lymphomas. B cell lymphomas have sIg associated with other antigens (Pan B+, HLA-DR+). Cells of chronic lymphoid leukaemia and centrocytic (cleaved-cell) lymphomas frequently express T65 (T 101+ or Leu 1+) antigen which is usually found on normal or neoplastic T lymphocytes. Monoclonal antibodies provide new evidence of the germinal centre origin of follicular lymphomas. Thus, monoclonal antibody directed against dentritic reticulum cells (CRD) revealed the same network of DRC in follicular lymphomas as in reactive germinal centres. This finding could account for the nodular pattern of these lymphomas, neoplastic cells being in some way, enclosed within the DRC network. On the other hand, neoplastic follicles are surrounded by a large amount of t lymphocytes. Some T lymphocytes are also found within the follicles where they are associated with NK cells. Lastly, as reactive benign follicles, neoplastic follicles are labelled by the anti-Calla antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Immunoperoxidase study of normal and pathologic lymphoid tissue. Value of monoclonal antibodies]. 638 12

There is continuing controversy over the role of mononuclear phagocytes in glomerulonephritis. It is, therefore, important to know their distribution in normal subjects. Normal kidneys (34) were assessed using three cytoplasmic markers for macrophages employing a trypsin-immunoperoxidase (PAP) technique with antibodies to alpha-1-antitrypsin, muramidase (lysozyme) and a further oligoclonal antibody, serum 22, developed against highly purified preparations of blood monocytes. Serum 22 detected twice as many monocytes/macrophages as anti-muramidase and four times as many as anti-alpha-1-antitrypsin. Most cells that showed positive staining lay in glomerular and intertubular capillaries and were considered to be blood monocytes. There was wide variation in monocyte numbers throughout different glomeruli and up to 14 monocytes could be present in a glomerulus. Not more than 1 per cent lay within the mesangium. Macrophages were virtually never seen in the interstitium, except in areas of scarring. No macrophages were present in the tubules. Monocytes and macrophages are demonstrated in greater numbers within the kidney by antisera to muramidase than to alpha-1-antitrypsin.
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PMID:The monocyte/macrophage population of the normal human kidney. 638 48

Lysozyme, alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-Antitrypsin were demonstrated by an immunoperoxidase technique (PAP) in malignant cells of adenocarcinomas of the stomach but not of the large intestine. Lymph-node metastases showed identical immunoreactivity to that of the primary tumour. Neoplasms arising from the cardia, the body and the pyloric antrum of the stomach showed different immunostaining reactions. It seems that these differences partly reflect the distribution of lysozyme, alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-Antitrypsin in the normal gastric mucosa. The usefulness of our findings in the identification of the primary tumour in cases of lymph node metastases of unknown origin, is also discussed.
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PMID:Distribution of lysozyme, alpha 1-Antichymotrypsin and alpha 1-Antitrypsin in adenocarcinomas of the stomach and large intestine. An immunohistochemical study. 681 7

Optimally fixed paraffin enbedded tissue sections and cytocentrifuged cell smears were used to test the sensitivity and nonspecific staining with the enzyme-bridge, PAP, indirect and direct immunoperoxidase methods using human immunoglobulins and lysozyme as antigens. With the enzyme-bridge method positive staining was seen with primary antiserum dilutions up to 1:20,000. The least background staining was observed with this method. The PAP method was equally sensitive, although false-negative results with low primary antiserum dilutions were seen. Some nonspecific background staining always persisted using the PAP method even with high primary antiserum dilutions. The indirect method was not as sensitive as the enzyme-bridge method and some nonspecific staining always persisted. The direct method was too insensitive with paraffin embedded tissue sections.
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PMID:Sensitivity and nonspeicific staining of various immunoperoxidase techniques. 699 41

Staphylococcal protein A conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was employed in an indirect immuno-staining technique to identify intracellular antigens in paraffin-embedded tissues. The sections were incubated with specific antisera and the antigen-IgG complexes demonstrated with protein A-peroxidase conjugate. Immunoglobulins, lysozyme and insulin were satisfactorily detected by this technique. A comparison of this method with the PAP, "labelled antigen" and peroxidase-labelled antibody sandwich techniques was made.
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PMID:Protein A-peroxidase conjugates for two-stage immunoenzyme staining of intracellular antigens in paraffin-embedded tissues. 700 7


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