Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The germination rate of spores of C. difficile which is usually lower than 10(-5) is raised to about 5.10(-3) in presence of lysozyme. All spores are initiated by lysozyme when previously treated by sodium thioglycolate. These spores are indeed lysozyme-dependent for germination.
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PMID:[Initiation of germination of Clostridium difficile spores by lysozyme]. 10 45

The effects of glucocorticoids on biochemical functions of macrophages from man, mouse, rabbit, and guinea pig were examined. Secretion of plasminogen activator by human peripheral blood monocytes was decreased by 50% with 1 nM dexamethasone. Differentiation of murine monocytic and granulocytic colonies in agar from bone marrow precursors was decreased by 50% at 7 days with 20 nM dexamethasone. Secretion of elastase, collagenase, and plasminogen activator by resident and thioglycollate-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages was decreased by dexamethasone, cortisol, and triamcinolone acetonide (1--1,000 nM), but not by progesterone, estradiol, and dihydrotestosterone (1,000 nM); in contrast, secretion of lysozyme was not affected by glucocorticoids or other steroids. The inhibition of macrophage secretion by dexamethasone was both time and dose dependent. Effects were detected within 1--6 h after addition of the glucocorticoids, became maximum by 24 h, and were reversed during a similar time period after removal of the hormones. The extent of inhibition of macrophage secretion increased with increasing glucocorticoid concentration. Half-maximum inhibition of secretion of elastase, collagenase, and plasminogen activator was seen at dexamethasone concentrations (1--10 nM) similar to those that half-saturated the specific glucocorticoid receptors in these cells. At high concentrations of dexamethasone (100--1,000 nM) the secretion of plasminogen activator was inhibited to a greater extent (greater than 95%) than the secretion of elastase (60--80%). Progesterone alone had no effect on secretion, but it blocked the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone and cortisol. Secretion of collagenase, neutral proteinases, and plasminogen activator by elicited rabbit alveolar macrophages was inhibited with glucocorticoids (0.1--100 nM) but not with progesterone or sex steroids. Secretion of a neutral elastinolytic proteinase by guinea pig alveolar macrophages was also inhibited by dexamethasone. These data support the regulatory role of glucocorticoids on macrophage functions at physiological concentrations.
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PMID:Biochemical actions of glucocorticoids on macrophages in culture. Specific inhibition of elastase, collagenase, and plasminogen activator secretion and effects on other metabolic functions. 21 Feb 48

Fourteen continuous tissue culture cell lines derived from mouse, rat, or human granulocyte-macrophage cancers were studied for expression of spontaneous and inducible markers of differentiated cells. Five cell lines (two mouse, two rat, and one human) synthesized myeloperoxidase spontaneously, and a fifth mouse line showed biochemically inducible enzyme. Twelve lines (6 mouse, 3 rat, and 3 human) produced lysozyme (muramidase), and all had detectable beta-glucuronidase. Superoxide generation was detected in one mouse, and three human cell lines following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate. Maturation to differentiated polymorphonuclear leukocyte or macrophage morphology was induced in 3 cell lines (2 mouse and 1 human) following culture in diffusion chambers in total-body-irradiated rats. In vitro morphological differentiation was inducible in one (mouse) cell line exposed to casein, thioglycolate, or plasma from irradiated rats or mice. These findings indicate that mammalian cell lines derived from granulocyte-macrophage cancers stably express several combinations of differentiation markers. The patterns of expression of these markers did not always correlate with the morphological stage of differentiation.
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PMID:Constitutive and inducible granulocyte-macrophage functions in mouse, rat, and human myeloid leukemia-derived continuous tissue culture lines. 21 Sep 35

Stable cultures of mononuclear phagocytes from carrageenan-induced granulomas in mice have been established after enzymatic dispersion of these lesions. The cells can be maintained for up to 3 wk without division in serum-free media. The mononuclear phagocytes were identified by several criteria. The cells are adherent, phagocytic, contain lysosomal acid hydrolases at high specific activities, secrete lysozyme, and bind soluble aggregates of IgG. The activities of 5'-nucleotidase and leucine aminopeptidase in the cultured granuloma cells showed that they resembled macrophages from thioglycollate-stimulated mice but not unstimulated macrophages in these respects. Supernates from the cultured granuloma cells contain factor(s) which induce the proliferation of thymocytes; the release of such factors by the cells is stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.
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PMID:Mononuclear phagocytes from carrageenan-induce granulomas. Isolation, cultivation, and characterization. 67 Aug 87

Monomyelocytic phagocytes originate in the bone marrow and while differentiating into macrophages migrate to inflammatory foci and target tissues by egress from the capillary blood vessels. During such diapedesis, the cells must traverse tissue barriers such as basement membrane, which has type IV collagen as its principal structural element. We studied whether the expression of type IV collagenase activity, invasion through basement membrane, and the response to inflammatory chemoattractants are related to each other and to the process of differentiation of murine M1 myeloid leukemia cells into macrophages. M1 cells stimulated with mouse lung-conditioned medium (MLCM) or interleukin 6 (IL6) differentiate into macrophages by 72 h, as determined by expression of Fc receptors, induction of lysozyme, and morphological changes from blast cells to mature macrophages. During this process of differentiation the invasive ability of the cells and the amount of type IV collagenase in the supernatants from the invading cells continuously increased up to 72 h. Zymographic analysis of supernatants of the invading cells revealed a single 100-kd metalloproteinase with gelatinolytic activity. Chemotaxis towards arachidonic acid metabolites, which are present in inflamed tissues, was detected only in differentiated cells. Studies with thioglycolate (TG)-elicited peritoneal macrophages gave results similar to those obtained with differentiated M1 cells, showing that the ability to invade basement membrane, the expression of type IV collagenase, and the chemotactic response to inflammatory chemoattractants all increased with the differentiation of myeloid cells and reached their highest expression in fully differentiated cells.
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PMID:Correlation in the expression of type IV collagenase and the invasive and chemotactic abilities of myelomonocytic cells during differentiation into macrophages. 131 91

1. Murine macrophages showed a considerably higher in vitro arginase production in short time cultures than rat peritoneal cells. 2. The in vivo stimulation with casein or thioglycollate resulted in an enhanced in vitro enzyme production in mice. 3. The adherence is not the condition of the enzyme production. 4. The difference between the two species cannot be explained by the lack of bivalent ions, the absence of energy supply, proteolysis, the low number of macrophages or by the different cell types of the peritoneal exudate of mouse and rat. 5. The lysozyme production of murine and rat peritoneal macrophages was also investigated and no difference was observed between the two species.
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PMID:Differences in the arginase activity produced by resident and stimulated murine and rat peritoneal macrophages. 178 60

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages (M phi) was found to suppress intracellular as well as secreted lysozyme (LZM). Interferon (IFN) had a similar effect. LZM was identified by the capacity of cell lysates or medium to lyse Micrococcus lysodeikticus, and by the presence of a 14.5 Kd protein band which co-migrated with human LZM in SDS-PAGE and which reacted positively in Western blots with antiserum to human LZM. The size of the 14.5 Kd band decreased sequentially with increasing concentrations of LPS to which the cells were exposed. Although the LPS influence on LZM levels was dose-dependent, the intracellular LZM pool responded more readily than secreted LZM. Maximal intracellular LZM suppression of 80% was obtained with 10 micrograms LPS, whereas secreted LZM was reduced by only 66%. An IFN concentration of 100 U reduced secreted LZM by 24%, whereas 10,000 U of IFN decreased the amount of LZM secreted by 71%. Thioglycolate-elicited M phi had 75% less intracellular LZM than untreated resident M phi. Moreover, thioglycolate-elicited M phi were hyporesponsive to the suppressive effects of LPS added in vitro. Because both LPS and IFN have been shown to stimulate numerous M phi functions, the data are of interest because they support the concept, based on other studies, that agents which are capable of enhancing some M phi activities may concomitantly down-regulate other functions.
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PMID:Down-regulation of macrophage lysozyme by lipopolysaccharide and interferon. 242 76

We have used spore isolation by the sodium thioglycolate-lysozyme technique on collected stools. Of the 51 stools studied, we found 41% of Clostridium perfringens with an average ratio of 10(4) germs/gr. 15 strains were typical double hemolysis and trehalose positive-5 presented only one hemolysis and were trehalose negative. We only found a single strain of Clostridium difficile with a rate of 10(4) germs/gr in the stools of a 10 months infant.
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PMID:[Enumeration and identification of Clostridium from stools treated with the thioglycollate-lysozyme method]. 248 5

The effect of heating or alkali-treatment on spore recovery in ordinary growth medium was examined for four strains of Clostridium difficile. Heating spores at 80 degrees C for 10 min produced 95.50-99.95% decreases in the recovery rates. Treatment with 0.1 N NaOH for 15 min produced 99.47 and 99.83% decreases in spore recovery rates for two of the four strains. The influence of either addition of lysozyme after treatment with sodium thioglycollate (thioglycollate-lysozyme method) or addition of sodium taurocholate (taurocholate method) on recovery of heat- or alkali-treated C. difficile spores was also examined. Viable spores of all strains altered by heating at 90 degrees C or 100 degrees C for 10 min could not be recovered at all by the taurocholate method. Nor did this method allow recovery of alkali-altered spores treated with greater than 0.2 N NaOH for 15 min. On the other hand, 10-47% of altered spores heated at 90 degrees C for 10 min were recovered by the thioglycollate-lysozyme method, and alkali-altered spores treated with 0.1-0.3 N NaOH for 15 min were as completely recovered by this method as untreated spores. These results indicate that the thioglycollate-lysozyme method is more effective than the taurocholate method for recovery of the heat- or alkali-altered C. difficile spores.
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PMID:Recovery of spores of Clostridium difficile altered by heat or alkali. 292 93

The effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) on the production of specific collagenase by thioglycolate-elicited macrophages was investigated. Our studies demonstrated that GST administration can significantly decrease collagenase production in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were observed with levels of GST attainable in serum or synovial tissue during routine chrysotherapy. In addition, GST altered lysozyme secretion by activated macrophages in a pattern distinct from that of collagenase alteration. These effects of enzyme secretion were not secondary effects of GST on viability, general protein secretion, or the specific assay procedures utilized, and were not attributable to the thiomalate moiety. Thus, GST may exert its therapeutic effect in rheumatoid arthritis through interference with the production of degradative proteolytic enzymes, which are important effector molecules mediating tissue destruction.
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PMID:Alterations in macrophage collagenase secretion induced by gold sodium thiomalate. 300 15


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