Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hart, Beth A. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), and Stanley A. Zahler. Lytic enzyme produced by Myxococcus xanthus. J. Bacteriol. 92:1632-1637. 1966.-Strain FBa of Myxococcus xanthus releases into its culture medium an enzyme capable of lysing Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells and of releasing N-acetyl amino sugars from their cell walls. The lysin is stable at pH values near neutrality and at temperatures below 50 C. It lyses a number of bacterial species sensitive to egg-white lysozyme, and fails to lyse lysozyme-resistant species. Sensitivity of M. lysodeikticus cell walls to FBa lysin and to lysozyme is changed in a similar manner by addition and removal of O-acetyl groups. We describe methods for obtaining 190-fold purification of the lysin from culture filtrates, using acetone and ammonium sulfate precipitations and filtration through diethylaminoethyl cellulose. We also describe a gel filtration method for separating the lysin from a protease which is also produced by strain FBa.
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PMID:Lytic enzyme produced by Myxococcus xanthus. 595 3

Nine strains of Streptococcus sanguis exhibited tolerance to benzylpenicillin: the growth of each strain was susceptible to penicillin with minimal inhibitory concentrations of 0.1 mug/ml or lower, but the bacteriolytic and bactericidal effects were limited in each case. The tolerance of these bacteria was also reflected in the large discrepancies between the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations for benzylpenicillin. The hypothesis that a natural deficiency of endogenous murein hydrolase (autolysin) in this species accounts for the penicillin tolerance was tested by using a heterologous murein hydrolase, the C-phage-associated lysin. In seven of the strains, addition of the lysin to the culture together with penicillin or other cell wall inhibitors resulted in lysis and rapid loss of viability. The enzyme alone did not appreciably affect normally growing cultures. The irreversible effects of penicillin plus lysin were drastically reduced in the presence of the bacteriostatic agents chloramphenicol and cerulenin. Speculations based on experiments are presented for the mechanisms by which penicillin treatment sensitizes these bacteria to an exogenous lytic enzyme. Similar phenomena requiring cooperation of host factors and penicillin may occur during infection, since somewhat similar although less pronounced results were obtained by addition of human lysozyme to penicillin-treated S. sanguis.
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PMID:Lethal effect of a heterologous murein hydrolase on penicillin-treated Streptococcus sanguis. 610 71

The main characteristics of the nonspecific responsiveness of the body have been studied on the model of acute P. aeruginosa intoxication. An increase in phagocytic and lysozyme activity and in the bactericidal properties of blood serum have been shown to occur during the first 6 hours after the introduction of P. aeruginosa exotoxin. The titer of complement and beta-lysin activity decrease. At a later period of observations a sharp drop in all the characteristics under study (except lysozyme activity) occurs.
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PMID:[The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin on various nonspecific factors of immunologic reactivity in an experiment]. 641 91

67 patients with mammary carcinoma were submitted to an immunological control examination. This control comprised 14 tests which determined the efficacy of the immune systems, among others: activity of complement, properdin, lysozyme, and beta-lysin, the rate of immunoglobulins, and the behavior of leucergy, rosette tests, NBT, BLT, and tuberculin test. The thoroughly executed examinations did not show any significant difference between patients with active neoplasms and patients in remission stage. The analysis of the results achieved for patients in an advanced stage (TNM) only showed a significant increase (p less than 0.05) of IgG in stage III/IV. The patients were treated with CVF, levamisole (Decaris), and BCG. The observation period was twelve months. The results achieved were discussed in detail.
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PMID:[Evaluation of the efficiency of the immune system after immunostimulation in patients with breast cancer]. 641 41

A group of young people, totaling 1160 persons, was immunized annually with influenza inactivated chromatographic divaccine prepared from influenza viruses A (H1N1 +/- H3N2) for 3 years. Only in persons immunized once or twice direct correlation between the number of immunizations and their immunological effectiveness was observed. Repeated immunization produced no stimulating effect on the level of systemic humoral and secretory immunity. The innocuity of repeated vaccinations is substantiated by the absence of such effect on the somatic morbidity of the vaccinees and the levels of complement, lysozyme and beta-lysin in the blood serum.
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PMID:[Effect of repeated immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine on the formation of specific and nonspecific immunity factors]. 652 84

Immunological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 280 patients in the acute period of craniocerebral trauma demonstrated an increase in the beta-lysin content and lysozyme concentration in it when meningitis developed. Increase in the CSF beta lytic and lysozyme activity reflects the severity of the inflammatory process. Tests for these factors in the CSF may be used in the early diagnosis of post-traumatic meningitis.
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PMID:[Immunologic study of cerebrospinal fluid in the diagnosis of posttraumatic meningitis]. 661 26

Serum from both germfree and conventional rats, but not plasma or plasma serum, killed Listeria monocytogenes in vitro by a calcium-dependent mechanism that was independent of either complement or lysozyme and was not inhibited by the addition of iron. The listericidin was purified by passing either rat serum or platelet lysate through a nitrocellulose filter (0.2 micrometer) and eluting the activity from the filter with 0.02 N HCl. The partially purified listericidin was heat stable (56 degrees C for 30 min), removed by absorption with zymosan or bentonite, sensitive to treatment with trypsin or pronase, and inhibited by the addition of citrate (0.045 M), suggesting that the serum listericidin is a cationic protein. The development of serum listericidal activity, which could be important in the innate resistance of rats to L. monocytogenes, was dependent on both age and microbial status. Although some discrepancies exist between the serum listericidin and previous descriptions of serum beta-lysin, we believe that the rat serum listericidin is a similar cationic protein.
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PMID:Killing of Listeria monocytogens by conventional and germfree rat sera. 679 76

Group B streptococci, refractory to previously tested muralysins under physiological conditions, were successfully converted to protoplasts by use of a recently describede N-acetyl muramidase, mutanolysin, derived from a streptomycete. Purified enzyme was effective, but crude preparations, although degrading cell walls, simultaneously produced peculiar effects of cytoplasmic coagulation, retention of cell shape, loss of some intracellular enzymes, and a rise in optical density. Addition of purified mutanolysin to the array of muralysins (group C streptococcal phage-associated lysin, lysozyme), previously successful in preparing protoplasts of different streptococci, now makes possible enzymatic preparation of protoplasts of streptococci of groups A, B, C. D. G, and H.
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PMID:Lysis and protoplast formation of group B streptococci by mutanolysin. 699 17

Elimination of anticomplementary activity of human immune globulin G (IgG, Intraglobin) is achieved by introduction of 6 OH-propionic groups per IgG-molecule. These groups introduced by modification with beta-propiolactone, are equally spread out on the molecule and situated at lysin.
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PMID:[Human i.v. immune globulin by chemical modification with beta-propiolactone/radiochemical study (author's transl)]. 719 66

An inducible hemolysin with antibacterial properties was isolated from the hemolymph of immune Galleria mellonella larvae. The Galleria-derived lysin, named Gallysin-1, was shown to have an apparent molecular weight of 75,000 and to be relatively heat stable at 56 degrees C. Although Gallysin alone was not bactericidal it caused sufficient damage of the outer cell membranes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa RP4 and Escherichia coli K176 to release beta-lactamase from the periplasm. In the presence of either purified Galleria lysozyme or egg white lysozyme Gallysin-1 had potent antibacterial activity against gram-negative bacteria. Gallysin-1 killed osmotically shocked P. aeruginosa and E. coli that suggests that it can also attack exposed inner cell membranes of gram-negative bacteria. The identification of Gallysin-1 recognizes another distinct member of the bactericidins involved in insect immunity.
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PMID:Gallysin-1, an antibacterial protein isolated from hemolymph of Galleria mellonella. 805 Jun 12


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