Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

8 patients with chronic pyelonephritis were given gentamycin intramuscularly injected in individual dosage during 8-10 days. Here the behaviour of the excretion of protein, alanine aminopeptidase alkaline phosphatase, alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and lysozyme with the urine was tested. With the exception of the lysozymuria, which increased only in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, regularly a hyperenzymuria developed. Most distinctly the excretion of the alanine aminopeptidase increased. After initial decrease the excretion of total protein transiently increased after completion of the gentamycin therapy. All the deviations were reversible. From the increased excretion of enzymes may not be concluded to a nephrotoxicity of gentamycin.
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PMID:[The effect of therapeutic gentamycin doses on the enzyme secretion in urine]. 0 Aug 56

The distribution of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, aminopeptidase, maltase and amylase was studied throughout the small intestine of the adult rat. Lysozyme activity increases along the length of the small intestine and the behaviour of this enzyme slightly differs from the mucosal enzymes reported in this investigation. A positive correlation is found between the percentage of crypts with granulated Paneth cells and the lysozyme activity. This corroborates with the secretory origin of this enzyme from these intestinal cells.
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PMID:The quantitative distribution of certain enzymes along the small intestine of the rat and its correlation with the villous area and the Paneth cells. 35 72

The study was designed to evaluate (a) the role of reduced renal phosphate reabsorptive capacity assessed as the ratio of maximum capacity for renal phosphate reabsorption (TmPO4) to glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in the pathogenesis of hypophosphatemia in alcoholics, (b) possible mechanisms leading to reduced TmPO4/GFR, and (c) the effect of liver function impairment on TmPO4/GFR. The TmPO4/GFR, its major extrarenal determinants, ratios of urinary excretion gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and of alpha-glucosidase to GFR (uGGT/GFR and uAGL/GFR), indices of structural damage of renal tubular cells, and fractional clearance of lysozyme, an index of proximal renal function, were evaluated in 31 alcoholics with alcohol-related liver disease, 24 alcoholics without alcohol-related liver disease, 14 patients with non-alcohol-related liver disease, and 25 control subjects. Hypophosphatemia was found in 35% of alcoholics with alcohol-related liver disease, 29% of alcoholics without alcohol-related liver disease, and no patients with non-alcohol-related liver disease. A reduced TmPO4/GFR was the major determinant of hypophosphatemia in both groups of alcoholics. No difference in extrarenal determinants of TmPO4/GFR was found between alcoholics with and without hypophosphatemia. Alcoholics with and without alcohol-related liver disease had increased uGGT/GFR and normal uAGL/GFR regardless of serum phosphate level. Fractional clearance of lysozyme, instead, was increased only in hypophosphatemic alcoholics with and without alcohol-related liver disease. The TmPO4/GFR correlated inversely with the fractional clearance of lysozyme in both groups of alcoholics (P less than 0.01). The TmPO4/GFR and urinary enzymes were normal in patients with non-alcohol-related liver disease. It was concluded that a reduced TmPO4/GFR is involved in the pathogenesis of hypophosphatemia in alcoholics. A proximal tubular dysfunction seems to be responsible for the reduced TmPO4/GFR. Liver function impairment is not required for the expression of this tubular dysfunction.
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PMID:Hypophosphatemia and renal tubular dysfunction in alcoholics. Are they related to liver function impairment? 172 78

Transglycosylation from di-N-acetylchitobiose to the 3-position at the nonreducing end glucosyl group of p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside was regioselectively induced through the use of hen egg-white lysozyme. The enzyme formed p-nitrophenyl 3(5)-O-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-alpha-maltopentaoside (5% of the enzyme-catalyzed net decrease of p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside) from di-N-acetylchitobiose as a donor and p-nitrophenyl alpha-maltopentaoside as an acceptor. The rate of the transglycosylation depended on the concentration of substrate, the temperature and the pH. The hydrolytic actions of human pancreatic and salivary alpha-amylase on this derivative were examined. The maltopentaoside derivative was shown to be useful as a substrate for alpha-amylase assay through a coupled reaction involving alpha-D-glucosidase and glucoamylase.
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PMID:Enzymatic synthesis of p-nitrophenyl 3(5)-O-beta-N-acetylglucosaminyl-alpha-maltopentaoside by lysozyme; a novel substrate for human amylase assay. 169 3

1. Tests for glycosidases were performed in homogenates of Brachionus plicatilis. 2. Hydrolytic activity was detected with the following substrates: (a) with synthetic substrates (NP = 4-nitrophenyl): NP-alpha- and NP-beta-D-glucopyranoside, NP-alpha- and NP-beta-D-galactopyranoside, NP-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide, NP-N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminide, NP-alpha- and NP-beta-D-mannopyranoside and NP-alpha-L-fucopyranoside; (b) with disaccharides: sucrose, maltose, trehalose, isomaltose, cellobiose, gentiobiose and lactose; (c) with polysaccharides: laminarine, carboxymethyl-cellulose, avicel, Micrococcus luteus (for lysozyme) and 4-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoheptaoside (for amylase). 3. The pH dependence of the glycosidase activities was determined. 4. The distribution of enzyme activities within fractions from the homogenate was studied in order to localize them within the cell. 5. Proteins from Brachionus homogenate were separated by SDS-gel electrophoresis and the positions of the following glycosidase activities were detected by assays performed on the gels (estimated molecular weights in parentheses): alpha-glucosidase (250,000); beta-glucosidase (200,000); beta-galactosidase (70,000); N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (60,000).
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PMID:Glycosidases in Brachionus plicatilis (Rotifera). 232 73

Few data are yet available comparing the histological patterns of cadmium nephropathy with the values of urinary enzyme excretions, useful indexes of renal tubular damage. 40 Wistar rats, divided into four groups (A-D), were intoxicated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 16 ppm in drinking water for 4, 16, 40 and 60 weeks, respectively. At the end of each period all the intoxicated rats and 5 controls were assessed for creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of gamma-glutamyltransferase (UfrGGT) and alpha-glucosidase (UfrAGL), indexes of anatomical tubular damage, and for fractional clearance of lysozyme (CfrLys), index of functional tubular damage. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed and their kidneys examined with light and electron microscopy. Control rats and group A and B rats did not show any histological impairment. A widespread vesiculation of proximal tubular cells with mitochondrial and lysosomal alterations was found in the group C rats and was more evident in group D. The brush border never showed any damage in all groups in accordance with the finding of a normal excretion pattern of UfrGGT, an enzyme situated in this structure. The UfrAGL was increased only in group D rats (p less than 0.025), who showed the most severe anatomical damages. The CfrLys, an index of tubular function, was elevated in group C and D rats (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.002, respectively). It was possible to detect the initial renal tubular damage.
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PMID:Detection of the early steps of cadmium nephropathy--comparison of light- and electron-microscopical patterns with the urinary enzymes excretion. An experimental study. 256 73

To evaluate the reliability of urinary enzymes as markers of renal tubular damage in obstructive jaundice, research was carried out on 26 Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to bile duct ligation and on 16 sham-operated rats. The fractional clearances of lysozyme (CfrLYS) and of malto-dehydrogenase (CfrMDH)-indices of tubular function-and the fractional excretions of gamma-glutamyltransferase (UfrGGT) and of alpha-glucosidase (UfrAGL)-indices of tubular anatomic damage - were measured 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after operation. Creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion, urinary potassium excretion, proteinuria, plasma bilirubin and bile acids were also measured. Kidneys were taken for histology. All rats submitted to common bile duct ligation had high levels of bilirubin and bile acids; proximal tubules were damaged and the extent of the lesions increased with time. However, creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion, proteinuria, CfrMDH and UfrAGL gave no indication of renal lesions, whereas CfrLYS and UfrGGT were significantly higher 20 and 30 days after bile duct ligation, respectively. These findings show that CfrLYS and UfrGGT could be useful tests for renal tubular lesions in jaundice.
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PMID:Are urinary enzymes useful markers of kidney damage in obstructive jaundice? An experimental study on Sprague-Dawley rats. 285 26

The urinary excretions of lysozyme (LYS), malate-dehydrogenase (MAD), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alpha-glucosidase (AGL) were measured in a group of normal subjects in basic conditions, during forced diuresis, at different hours of the day and with urinary collection periods of different lengths. The results have been expressed in the principal ways used in clinical practice. The best way to express the excretions of GGT and AGL was with the fractional excretions. For LYS and MAD, the fractional clearances appeared to be theoretically valuable. They were not significantly influenced by sex or by the different urinary collections. Forced diuresis caused a significant scattering of enzymuria.
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PMID:Reference ranges and methodological aspects in the urinary measuring of lysozyme, malate-dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and alpha-glucosidase. 286 90

Forty-one patients with urinary tract infections were randomly assigned to receive for six days gentamicin, amikacin, sisomicin or netilmicin. The dose for each patient was calculated according to creatinine clearance and lean body mass in order to avoid overdosages. Urinary enzymes (alpha-glucosidase, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase and muramidase), serum creatinine and creatinine clearance, proteinuria and urinary sediment were evaluated for nephrotoxicity. None of the patients developed nephrotoxicity, but urinary enzymes rose significantly in all. The statistical analysis of enzymuria during the treatment permitted the definition of a rank order of the nephrotoxic potential of the aminoglycosides studied.
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PMID:Enzymuria in aminoglycoside-induced kidney damage. Comparative study of gentamicin, amikacin, sisomicin and netilmicin. 286 67

Nephritic functionality has been studies, making use of same nephritic enzymes dosage (NAG, AAP, alpha-glucosidase, lysozyme) in three groups of workers (varnishers, metallurgists, plastic manufacture employees) professionally exposed to nephritic damage, and in a control group made up of not professionally exposed to the same hazard subjects. The aim was to precociously detect possible nephritic damage, i.e. before classic nephritic functionality indexes were distorted. An increased enzymuria appeared in those subjects that were exposed to nephrotoxic hazard. Increased enzymuria have been found in only one subject of the control group. We deem it should be useful, to customarily measure out nephritic enzymes as trusted index of tabular damage, in hiring and pensionary control examinations.
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PMID:[Evaluation of damage in subjects exposed to nephrotoxic substances]. 290 71


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