Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When Caryophanon latum was exposed to egg white lysozyme in isotonic sucrose and observed by phase-contrast microscopy, protoplasts emerged along the length of the trichomes, apparently at sites corresponding to cross septa. Electron microscopy of sections revealed that this enzyme initially attacked the core of the septal peptidoglycan and delamination of septa resulted. The inner densely staining layer of the lateral and polar wall (considered to contain peptidoglycan as the major component) remained intact except for destruction at the advancing tip of partial septa; protoplasts or cell debris could escape from the gaps formed at developing septa. Treatment of intact trichomes with pronase, a lipase - phospholipase C mixture, EDTA, glutaraldehyde, or heat, before exposure to egg white lysozyme did not alter this pattern nor did it render the remaining peptidoglycan more susceptible to attack. The wall material external to the peptidoglycan was solubilized by pronase. The peptidoglycan remaining after lysozyme treatment was not morphologically changed by treatment with pronase. Lysozyme derived from Chalaropsis hydrolyzed incomplete septa initially, while the lateral and polar wall and complete septa were degraded later. Therefore, it is most probable that the inner dense layer does contain the peptidoglycan component and that some biochemical maturation distinguishes the substrate for these enzymes in the lateral wall and septa.
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PMID:Ultrastructural effects of lysozymes on the cell wall of Caryophanon latum. 80

About 60 characteristics have been investigated in 7 hemolyzing and 12 nonhemolyzing strains of L. monocytogenes. From these investigations resulted inter alia that the organism grows well under strictly anaerobic conditions, esculin is split at 45 degrees C,NH3 is produced from peptone, but not from arginin, and H2S can be traced by sufficiently sensitive methods. All strains possess a lipase, muramidase, and deoxyribonuclease, the hemolytic ones only also a lecithinase. Besides, the hemolytic strains only dispose of experimental virulence and of a CAMP factor-like agent. The experimental animal of choice seems to be the conjunctivally infected guinea pig in which a generalized infection develops.
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PMID:[Some properties of carrier strains of Listeria monocytogenes (author's transl)]. 81 65

The effect of bile acids on the bacteriolytic activity of lysozyme towards Micrococcus lysodeikticus was studied in vitro. All bile acids tested inhibited lysozyme activity. Conjugated bile acids were better inhibitors than their unconjugated homologs and sulfation resulted in still stronger inhibition. A study of UV-difference spectra of bile acid-lysozyme mixtures suggests that bile acids distort the tertiary structure of the enzyme. The inhibition-concentration curves of micelle-forming bile acids were bell-shaped, and peak inhibition was apparently related to the critical micellar concentration. The inhibition-concentration curves of sulfated bile acids, which do not form micelles, are characterized by a plateau of maximal inhibition. A mechanism of lysozyme activation by bile acid micelles is proposed. Our results illustrate the complex interactions between antibacterial compounds in the gut. As bile acids are known to inhibit lipase activity as well, these studies suggest that bile acids may have an important influence on intestinal enzyme activity in general.
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PMID:The inhibition of lysozyme by bile acids. 94 95

Preincubation of normal rat soleus muscles in vitro with homogenates prepared from mixed leg muscles which had been denervated 4 days previously resulted in an increase in the contracture response to acetylcholine. After 30 min incubation a 1.5-fold increase was observed. Homogenates of normally innervated muscles did not increase the response. The active principles of the denervated muscles were found to reside in the "cytosol" fraction. An approximately 2-fold increase was observed upon incubation with the cytosol for 30 min; incubation for longer periods resulted in a subsequent decrease in the response. The effect of the denervated muscle cytosol was concentration-dependent and heat-labile. Normal muscle cytosol also increased the soleus muscle response to acetylcholine but this fraction was less effective than denervated muscle cytosol. The response of control muscles incubated in Krebs-Henseleit solution was found to decrease with time. Commercially obtained phospholipases C and D increased the response of normal soleus muscles approximatley 2-fold. Phospholipase A, lipase, trypsin, collagenase and a bacterial protease had no effect, lysozyme produced a small but consistent increase in the response to acetylcholine.
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PMID:The effect of muscle extracts on the contracture response of skeletal muscle to acetylcholine. 94 50

The sensitivity of the dissociative variants "R", "RS" and "S" of the spore-forming bacilli to some lytic agents (lysozyme, sodium lauryl sulphate, lipase, trypsin and some of their associations) has been studied. The research has been carried out on 32 strains: 14 "R", 14 "RS" and 4 "S" of different species of the genus Bacillus. The results have shown that the sensitivity to the studied lytic agents is strictly correlated, not to the species, but to the dissociative phases: these results are in accordance with those obtained in previous researches, carried out by the same Authors, on other characters, both morphological and biological, of the same variants. Thus, also through this way, it is possible to reach the conclusion that within this genus, there is more similarity among the different species of the same dissociative phase than among different dissociative variants of the same species. The results obtained in the present study allow to advance hypothesis, based also on the data of the literature, about the composition of the cell walls of the three above mentioned dissociative variants of the strains belonging to the genus Bacillus.
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PMID:[Cellular lysis and dissociative phase of the genus Bacillus]. 120 91

Changes in the activities of three gastric and nine pancreatic enzymes plus colipase were determined during postnatal development and weaning in calves. In calves exclusively milk-fed for 2, 7, 28, 56, 70 and 119 d, the enzyme activities per kilogram of empty live weight increased with age for chymotrypsin, elastase, carboxypeptidases A and B, ribonuclease and alpha-amylase, decreased for chymosin, lysozyme and colipase but showed no change in the case of pepsin, trypsin, lipase and phospholipase A2 compared with animals at birth. The greatest increase was that in alpha-amylase activity (about 50-fold between d 2 and 119). In calves weaned between d 28 and 56, all the activities were higher than in milk-fed animals, except that of chymosin (which was slightly lower) and that of colipase (which did not change). At 119 d of age, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase A, alpha-amylase and lipase were 1.6- to fourfold higher in ruminants than in preruminants. Thus, most enzyme activities were modified first by colostrum and milk intake, and again upon weaning by development of the forestomachs and ingestion of solid food. These ontogenic patterns might be under the control of many gut regulatory peptides, the plasma concentrations of which changed simultaneously. Some gastric and pancreatic enzymes were correlated to plasma concentrations of these gut regulatory peptides.
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PMID:Gastric and pancreatic enzyme activities and their relationship with some gut regulatory peptides during postnatal development and weaning in calves. 137 46

The previous findings that the group I and III mite allergens, and amylase present in mite faeces are hydrolytic enzymes has prompted a study to determine whether this material contains other enzymes which could be allergenic. Thus, spent growth medium devoid of whole Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus mites was shown to contain glucoamylase, lipase and lysozyme in addition to the cysteine protease, serine protease and amylase activities associated with the above allergens, respectively. All of these enzymes are probably associated with mite digestive processes. They were rapidly solubilised, heterogeneous with regard to charge (pI in the range 4-8) and demonstrated maximum biochemical activity in the neutral pH range. Three serine proteases were detected and comprised a chymotrypsin-like, a trypsin-like and an unclassified enzyme with pI of 4.1 and 5.3, 8.5 and 7.1, respectively. Only one cysteine protease was observed, which paralleled immunochemically identified Der p I in a variety of assays. It was shown to cleave at lysyl residues and could be inhibited by the specific cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64. The remaining serine proteases, glucoamylase, lipase and lysozyme represent potential allergens.
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PMID:Faecally derived hydrolytic enzymes from Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus: physicochemical characterisation of potential allergens. 171 11

The normal pancreas consists of three major cell types or lineages that share a common embryologic origin from pluripotent endodermal precursors. The type of cell that undergoes neoplastic transformation to form a pancreatic carcinoma is controversial and may influence the phenotype and biologic behavior of the tumor. In this study, immunohistologic techniques were used to determine the cell lineage differentiation expressed in 29 primary exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas, five metastatic exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and five islet cell neoplasma. Specimens of normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis were used for comparison. The cell lineage markers consisted of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against trypsin and lipase (acinar cells); secretory component, carbonic anhydrase II, and pancreatic cancer mucin SPan-1 (ductal cells); and chromogranin-A and somatostatin (islet cells). The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and lysozyme were also determined. This collection of markers allowed the differentiation between acinar, ductal, and islet cells of normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis specimens. The expression of cell lineage markers in islet cell tumors was homogeneous and restricted to chromogranin-A. In contrast, the expression of these markers in primary and metastatic exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas was variable. Reactivity with monoclonal anti-CEA was absent in normal pancreas, and was present in 83% of chronic pancreatitis specimens as well as 90% of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas. In addition, lysozyme reactivity was absent in normal pancreas; however, lysozyme was expressed in one case of chronic pancreatitis, 17 cases of primary carcinoma, and three cases of metastatic carcinoma. These findings support the concept that the original transformed cell type in many pancreatic exocrine carcinomas resemble endodermal "stem cells" that retain the capability of differentiation along more than one cell lineage pathway.
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PMID:Cell lineage markers in human pancreatic cancer. 222 68

Normal adult dogs were given intravenously lysine hydrochloride to abolish renal tubular reabsorption. The treatment caused tubular proteinuria. Once forced diuresis was established, fractional clearances for amylase, lipase, and lysozyme increased five-, 18-, and 857-fold over the baseline values, respectively. There was relatively little tubular reabsorption of amylase, and urinary amylase activity remained low. A renal arteriovenous difference in amylase activity was not present. Urinary amylase activity could not be reactivated by the addition of serum or treatment with dithiothreitol. Urinary inhibitors of amylase activity were not detected. Immunoreactive urinary amylase did not exceed kinetically measured urinary amylase. Therefore, the presence of irreversibly inactivated amylase did not explain the low fractional clearance of amylase. A small amount of serum macroamylase was present, but macroamylasemia did not account for canine amylase failing to pass the glomerular filter. It appears that the renal loss of amylase in the dog is not an important excretory route.
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PMID:Renal disposition of amylase, lipase, and lysozyme in the dog. 246 6

The purpose of this work was to investigate the relationship between rotavirus infection, diagnosed in faeces using the serological test, in calves with diarrhoea and the activity of lysozyme, alpha-amylase, lipase and trypsin in the same material. The faeces were taken from 28 sick and 1 healthy animals, aged from 1 to 5 days, for microbiological and enzymatic examination. No correlation was found between lysozyme activity in faeces and rotavirus infection. Similar results were obtained with the other enzymes.
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PMID:Rotavirus infection in newborn calves. I. Evaluation trials of certain enzymes in faeces. 246 66


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