Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mycobacterium ulcerans produces an exotoxin in culture which, when inoculated into guinea pig skin, causes inflammation, necrosis, edema, and other histopathological changes resembling those in infections of humans. The toxin was resistant to heat and to alkalies and was moderately acid labile. Toxic activity was destroyed by Pronase, phospholipase, lipase, amylase, and glucosidase but not by trypsin, collagenase, cellulase, lysozyme, hyaluronidase, or neuraminidase. Toxic activity was resistant to treatment with 2-mercaptoethanol, urea, guanidine hydrochloride, p-chloromercuribenzoate, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and sodium deoxycholate but was destroyed by sodium m-periodate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. The toxin was precipitated by a wide range of ammonium sulfate concentrations. Extraction with chlorofrom-methanol or petroleum ether destroyed its activity. Isopycnic density gradient ultracentrifugation in KBr produced a high-density lipoprotein layer with a 24-fold increase in specific activity. The results indicate that this toxin is a high-molecular-weight phospholipoprotein-polysaccharide complex.
...
PMID:Further characterization of Mycobacterium ulcerans toxin. 3 Jun 94

Treatment of cells grown to exponential phase with 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 3 h at 100 degrees C resulted in solubilization of all cellular components except for peptidoglycan. In most strains, cells cultured in liquid gonococcal broth at pH 7.2 yielded a peptidoglycan composed primarily of N-acetylmuramic acid N-acetylglucosamine, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid in a molar ratio of 1:1:2:1:1. The peptidoglycan in these cells accounted for 1 to 2% (dry weight) of the cells. However, in cells cultured at pH 6.0, the dry weight of peptidoglycan increased to 4 to 13%. Preliminary investigations indicated that the apparent increase in weight is strain dependent and is due in part to associated protein(s). Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain CS7 had elevated amounts of protein associated with the peptidoglycan regardless of growth pH. The peptidoglycan-protein complex could not be dissociated by additional extraction with sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10 M LiCl2, or ethylenediaminetetraacetate or by 7.5% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The complex could be degraded by lysozyme, trypsin, chymotrypsin, Pronase B, and Chalaropsis sp. muramidase.
...
PMID:Cell envelope of Neisseria gonorrhoeae CS7: peptidoglycan protein complex. 3 3

DNA-membrane complexes have been obtained from Escherichia coli by using a freeze-thaw lysis procedure that avoids lysozyme and detergents. Complexes made in this manner and containing DNA near the origin of replication are uniquely sensitive to ionic strength, Pronase, and trypsin. There is approximately one such complex per chromosomal origin. The sensitivities suggest that origin-specific binding is mediated by a protein. By using these unique characteristics to distinguish origin-specific complexes from the majority of DNA-membrane binding sites, it was found that the origin-specific binding persists after termination of chromosomal replication.
...
PMID:Identification of a biochemically unique DNA-membrane interaction involving the Escherichia coli origin of replication. 34 76

Three different extracts of Thermoactinomyces sacchari were analyzed for their antigenicity and physical-chemical properties. Rabbit antiserum to each preparation, tested by immunodiffusion in gel, demonstrated that the most potent immunogen was that prepared by the double-dialysis method. This extract also contained the greatest number of precipitating antigens as detected by gel filtration. All extracts, analyzed by column chromatography on Sephadex G-75, were heterogeneous in that they contained large- and small-molecular-weight fractions. Precipitins in each extract were detected in column eluates of relatively low ultraviolet absorption and were of a similar molecular size range. Chemical analysis of purified antigens demonstrated protein and carbohydrate. The culture supernatant contained the greatest amount of carbohydrate (66%), and the soluble extract of bacterial cells contained the greatest amount of protein (68%). Several antigens were partially sensitive to the proteolytic enzymes Pronase and trypsin, but none was sensitive to lysozyme. These results demonstrate that there are multiple-antigen systems in T. sacchari and that, of the samples analyzed, the double-dialysis method of antigen preparation yields the most potent antigens.
...
PMID:Characterization of Thermoactinomyces sacchari antigens. 66 9

Very fast-sedimenting DNA was isolated from cells after infection with gene 49 defective phage T4. This DNA appeared membrane bound throughout the time after infection and could be isolated either in the membrane-bound form (M-DNA) or free of membrane (released DNA) depending on the lysis procedure. Released DNA formed complexes of marked stability with sedimentation velocities between 1,400S and 2,100S. These complexes did not seem to contain material other than DNA. This was concluded from the results of RNA, protein, and membrane labeling experiments and density analysis. In addition, these complexes were resistant against treatment with n-butanol, phenol. chloroform-methanol, sodium dodecyl sulfate, Sarkosyl, Pronase, RNase, or lysozyme. The observation that more then 90% of the purified very fast-sedimenting DNA is retrapped by magnesium-Sarkosyl crystals (M-band) suggests that the M-band technique may not be sufficient as a test for DNA-membrane attachment.
...
PMID:Function of gene 49 of bacteriophage T4. I. Isolation and biochemical characterization of very fast-sedimenting DNA. 77 32

A convenient method for the determination of unfolding rates of small globular proteins under physiological conditions was developed using digestion with proteases. The apparent first-order rate constants for digestion of lysozyme with thermolysin and with Pronase at pH 8 and 50 degrees C were shown to be saturated with increases of concentrations of these proteases. The maximum rate constants extrapolated were identical in digestions with two different proteases, and were found to be equal to the unfolding rate constant of lysozyme. Similarly, the unfolding rate constant of RNase A at pH 8 and 50 degrees C, and those of lysozyme, RNase A and beta-lactoglobulin at pH 8 and 40 degrees C, were determined by the digestion method. Thus, it was shown that digestion by proteases proceeds mainly via the unfolded state of proteins.
...
PMID:Unfolding rates of globular proteins determined by kinetics of proteolysis. 378 15

Electron microscope examination of negatively stained or thin-sectioned cells of Spirochaeta stenostrepta treated with penicillin or lysozyme showed that the peptidoglycan was present as a thin, electron-dense layer adjacent and external to the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan was isolated from cells of S. stenostrepta and Spirochaeta litoralis by a procedure including treatments with sodium lauryl sulfate and Pronase. Hydrolysates of the isolated S. stenostrepta and S. litoralis peptidoglycans contained glucosamine, muramic acid, glutamic acid, l-ornithine, and alanine in molar ratios of 0.90:0.85:1.00:1.00:1.40 and of 0.63:0.63:0.99:1.00:1.41, respectively. Determination of N-terminal residues suggested that nearly 50% of the ornithine in S. stenostrepta and S. litoralis peptidoglycans was involved in peptide cross-linkage. The peptidoglycan layer of S. stenostrepta was sensitive to lysozyme and myxobacter AL-1 protease.
...
PMID:Peptidoglycan of free-living anaerobic spirochetes. 412 18

Bacteriophage N1 was purified by differential and equilibrium gradient centrifugation and characterized with respect to bouyant density in CsCl, one-step growth properties, host range, and morphology by electron microscopy. In a tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane-magnesium buffer (pH 7.15), the irreversible adsorption of N1 to cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus strain 1 (ML-1) followed first-order reaction kinetics with an adsorption-velocity constant of 1.6 x 10(-9)/min at 32 C. The rate of phage attachment was not significantly altered when adsorption mixtures contained 0.01 m KCN or 1% casein hydrolysate, 0.01 m CaCl(2), and 0.001 m tryptophan. The activation energy for the irreversible adsorption reaction was 8.6 kcal. Treatment of ML-1 cells by any of the following procedures reduced the irreversible phage receptor activity over 90%: (i) mechanical disruption, (ii) lysozyme digestion, (iii) incubation in 1% cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, or (iv) incubation of heated cells (100 C, 15 min) with trypsin, Pronase, or lysozyme. The sensitivity of the phage receptor activity of ML-1 cells to lysozyme suggests that the bacterial cell wall is involved in the receptor site for the virus. Destruction of receptor activity by the other treatments cited above implies that, in addition to the cell wall, other cellular components may participate in the irreversible attachment of N1 phage to cells.
...
PMID:Characteristics of bacteriophage N1 and its attachment to cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus. 547 73

Cell envelopes of Chromobacterium violaceum were isolated and treated under controlled conditions with trypsin, Pronase, lipase, phospholipase C, lysozyme, and a mixture of enzymes produced by a bacteriolytic Pseudomonas sp. After each enzyme treatment, losses in dry weight, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, 2,6-diaminopimelic acid, and total phosphorus were determined. Electron-microscopic examination of the enzyme-treated envelopes indicated complete or partial loss of envelope rigidity or some envelope fragmentation, or both. Each enzyme hydrolyzed at least one envelope component and liberated several others into the supernatant fluid, where they appeared as nondialyzable particulate components, identified by means of electron microscopy. Unlike the other enzymes, the Pseudomonas sp. enzyme mixture partially liberated all major envelope components except phosphorus, heptose, and 2-keto-3-deoxy octonic acid. In spite of these large losses, the envelopes preserved some features of their integrity and elongated shape.
...
PMID:Effect of enzymes on the composition and structure of Chromobacterium violaceum cell envelopes. 577 32

Noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a choline-deficient diet containing 0.05% ethionine. After 10-13 weeks, livers were dispersed with collagenase, lysozyme, collagenase and hyaluronidase. Pronase, or a selected batch of trypsin. The highest yield of cells with histochemically demonstrable gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was obtained with trypsin. After velocity sedimentation in an isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium, two modal populations of cells with histochemically demonstrable GGT were observed. The first mode contained cells that were morphologically different from hepatocytes and that may be oval cells. The second, more rapidly sedimenting modal population of cells with GGT was morphologically similar to hepatocytes as assessed with Wright's stain; the location of this population in the gradient was the same as the location of cells with the appearance of hepatocytes that lacked iron and that had decreased glucose 6-phosphatase. In multiple experiments, the purest fractions contained 71.7 +/- 3.5% cells (mean +/- SD) with the appearance of hepatocytes with histochemically demonstrable GGT.
...
PMID:Separation of two populations of cells with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from carcinogen-treated rat liver. 611 83


1 2 Next >>

---