Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 51 untreated cases of ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease some cellular (neutrophil alkaline phosphatase activity, neutrophil NBT reducing capacity, and neutrophil and plasma lysozyme activities) and humoral (serum orosomucoid and serum haptoglobin) indices of disease activity were quantitated. The most pronounced signs of disease activity, thus, were found in severe cases of ulcerative colitis. Combining lysozyme activities with other disease activity indices seems to facilitate the distinction between severe cases of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Beyond this the addition of the humoral indices seemed not to offer substantial help.
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PMID:Cellular and humoral indices of disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease. 68 Apr 16

We have studied the effects of dietary supplementation with fish oil on immunological parameters in a group of six normal volunteers, four of whom received a fish oil extract (total EPA dose of 2.4 g/day, which is on the lower range of clinically effective doses) for 6 weeks and two of which received a placebo (olive oil) for an identical period of time. Each volunteer was followed up for a period of 23 weeks after the dietary intervention was ended. All volunteers were boosted with tetanus toxoid (TT) at the onset of the trial. Several immune parameters were followed longitudinally, including NBT reduction and lysozyme release to test neutrophil function; lymphocyte subpopulations; mitogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A) and anti-CD3; IL-2 release after PHA and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation; immunoglobulin and anti-TT antibody (ATT) synthesis by stimulated lymphocytes; and serum levels of immunoglobulins and of ATT. No consistent changes were observed in neutrophil function tests, mitogenic responses to PHA and Con A, and lymphocyte subsets. The mitogenic response to anti-CD3 and the release of IL-2 after stimulation with PHA and PWM appeared reduced as a consequence of fish oil ingestion, and levels of serum immunoglobulins decreased in three of the volunteers receiving fish oil supplementation. The systemic humoral response after the TT booster appeared not to be influenced by the ingestion of fish oil. However, in those subjects who were given fish oil supplementation, the specific in vitro response of their peripheral blood lymphocytes to TT appeared to be compromised at Week 3. This could reflect the need for progressive accumulation of EPA in lymphocyte membranes for the suppressive effect to be detectable, but it could also reflect a differential sensitivity to the effects of fish oil of circulating B lymphocytes vs. bone marrow B lymphocytes. All the parameters apparently affected by fish oil ingestion were also affected by the incubation of normal lymphocytes with EPA in vitro. In conclusion, low doses of fish oil may have a mild immunosuppressive effect affecting both T and B cell functions. These observations stress the need for more extensive trials designed to determine whether immunosuppressive effects can be consistently elicited and for studies aimed at determining the mechanisms by which omega-3 fatty acids affect the immune system.
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PMID:Immunosuppressive effects of fish oil in normal human volunteers: correlation with the in vitro effects of eicosapentanoic acid on human lymphocytes. 183 5

The influence of colostral leukocytes on the activity of phagocytic cells from the blood of calves, in particular the concentration of neutrophils (PMN) in blood, ingestion of Streptococcus agalactiae, reduction of NBT-dye and activity of lysozyme, was investigated for four weeks using four groups. The calves received either complete colostrum (COL+, n = 16), cell depleted colostrum (COL-, n = 16), cell-supplemented milk-substitute (MS+, n = 7) or pure milk-substitute (MS-, n = 6). Calves of the COL+ group had a significantly lower PMN concentration in their blood on day 2 and a significantly higher activity of lysozyme during their first three weeks of life as compared to the COL- animals. A postnatal increase in number of ingested Streptococcus agalactiae test bacteria per 100 phagocytic cells occurred later in the COL+ calves than in the COL-. No difference between both COL groups in NBT-reduction was observed. The calves of the MS+ group showed higher lysozyme activity and a retarded increase in the ingestion of test bacteria during the first week of life as compared to the MS-. The MS+ group had a transient neutrophilia on the second day of life while the concentration of PMN was not altered in the MS- from the first to the second day.
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PMID:The influence of colostral leukocytes on the immune system of the neonatal calf. III. Effects on phagocytosis. 195 56

The effect of trichlorphon, one of the most widely used organophosphorus insecticides, on the nonspecific immune response in carp (Cyprinus carpio) was studied. The effect of 20,000 ppm trichlorphon on the immune response was followed for 3 and 56 days after intoxication. The effect of 10,000 ppm trichlorphon on the nonspecific immune response of carp experimentally infected by Pseudomonas alcaligenes and Aeromonas punctata was also examined. Leucocyte number, phagocytic ability of neutrophils, percentage NBT-positive PMN cells, phagocytic index, lysozyme level in serum, and ceruloplasmin activity in plasma were examined on Days 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 22, and 26 after carp were exposed. After intoxication leukopenia was observed as decreases in phagocytic ability of neutrophils and in phagocytic index. Lysozyme level in serum was also decreased compared to that of control. The percentage of NBT-positive PMN cells decreased when the ceruloplasmin activity in plasma increased in intoxicated fish.
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PMID:In vivo effect of the organophosphorus insecticide trichlorphon on immune response of carp (Cyprinus carpio). II. Effect of high doses of trichlorphon on nonspecific immune response. 231 67

It was shown that the functional state of neutrophils and monocytes in the peripheral blood of patients with sarcoidosis lowered which was evident from their lower absorbing capacity, lower numbers of the EAC-rosette-forming cells and higher metabolic activity. Prior prednisolone therapy influenced the functional state of neutrophils: the cell ability to reduce NBT and the activity of acid phosphatase decreased while the lysozyme levels and absorption capacity increased. The functional state of monocytes was in general the same in the patients treated and untreated with the glucocorticoid.
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PMID:[The effect of hormonal therapy on the functioning of phagocytosing blood cells in patients with sarcoidosis]. 258 51

Based on the clinical observations and post mortem examinations the data are provided on the development, diagnosis and treatment of secondary pneumonias in bronchogenic pulmonary carcinoma. The authors describe the local immunological disorders in patients suffering from pneumonia: the morphologic changes, alterations in the content of lysozyme and protein, acid phosphatase activity, and in the NBT-test for neutrophils of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Demonstrate the clinical efficacy of endobronchial administration of the incubated leukocyte and platelet mass stimulated with tactivin.
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PMID:[Features of the diagnosis and treatment of paracancerous pneumonia in bronchogenic pulmonary carcinoma]. 278 71

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils' chemotaxis, surface charge, superoxide anions generation, NBT (nitro blue tetrazolium) reduction and intracellular lysozyme, and beta-glucuronidase content were estimated in patients with type I diabetes mellitus in a similar state of metabolic control. The chemotaxis of diabetic cells toward bacterial chemotactic factors was similar to controls, whereas migration toward complement-derived chemoattractants was significantly reduced. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils isolated from diabetic patients, when unstimulated, produced significantly greater amounts of superoxide anions and reduced NBT more efficiently. They also revealed reduced surface charge and lower intracellular content of lysozyme, whereas beta-glucuronidase content was similar to controls. The results obtained seem to indicate that neutrophils in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes manifest signs of being in the activated state. The possible mechanisms of such stimulation are discussed.
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PMID:Evidence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) activation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 282 47

Recombinant human interferon-alpha 2 (rIFN-alpha A) was evaluated as a modulator of neutrophil functions. Neutrophils treated with rIFN-alpha A for 1 h in vitro showed reduced chemiluminescence (CL) and aggregation in response to phagocytosis. In contrast, when certain soluble stimuli [f-met-leu-phe (fMLP) or leukotriene B4] were used, rIFN-alpha A treatment conferred a doubling of CL. This was paralleled by a similar increase in superoxide anion production and a 56% increase of release of beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme. The NBT test showed that IFN treatment did not increase the number of responding neutrophils. However, there was a significant increase in the displaceable binding of fML[3H]P. Enzyme release, aggregation, and CL in response to other soluble stimuli, the ionophore A23187 and phorbol myristate acetate were unaffected by IFN treatment. Likewise, chemotaxis was not affected. Thus, phagocytosis-associated events and aggregation were hampered by rIFN-alpha A whereas secretory responses to receptor-dependent soluble stimuli were augmented. The mechanism for the latter is most likely dependent on the observed modulation of binding of fMLP to its receptor.
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PMID:Recombinant human leukocyte interferon modulates neutrophil function in vitro. 284 26

The human promyelocytic cell line HL-60, differentiates in response to a variety of agents including dibutyryl cAMP and agents which increase intracellular cAMP concentrations (phosphodiesterase inhibitors, PGE2, and cholera toxin). HL-60 is also known to be rich in H2 -histamine sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. The present study was therefore designed to test the effects of H2-stimulation on growth and differentiation of HL-60 using the potent H2 agonist dimaprit. Dimaprit markedly increased cAMP production in a dose-dependent manner reaching maximal levels after 30-60 minutes. Intracellular cAMP levels decreased thereafter and by 24 hours were approximately 2-3 fold increased above control. Intracellular cAMP levels were not altered by dimaprit (10(-7)M to 10(-4)M) at 4 days in culture compared to either untreated HL-60 cells or dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (1.3%) treated cells. While exponential growth was unaltered by dimaprit (10(-7)M to 10(-4)M) as compared to control, dimaprit induced i) morphologic maturation to the myelocyte and metamyelocyte form with no differentiation seen beyond the metamyelocyte even after 6 days in culture, ii) increased NBT reductase activity and iii) dose-dependent increase in lysozyme activity which could be completely blocked by cimetidine, a specific H2 antagonist. Dimaprit-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells was associated with an initial but transient increase in intracellular cAMP production. Maturation beyond the metamyelocyte stage was not observed. Acquisition of NBT reductase and lysozyme activity correlated with morphologic maturation.
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PMID:Effects of dimaprit on growth and differentiation of human promyelocytic cell line, HL-60. 298 4

Basophilic granulocytes were purified from the blood of normal individuals by successive isopyknic centrifugation and elutriation centrifugation. Starting with the leukocyte-rich fraction of 500 ml of blood, we recovered 31 to 80% (mean 51%, n = 20) of the basophils in 45 to 87% purity (mean 69%, n = 23). The contaminating cells were mainly lymphocytes. The basophils were greater than 98% vital (exclusion of ethidium bromide and hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate). The histamine content of the basophils was 1.1 to 2 pg/cell (mean 1.6 pg/cell, n = 22). With anti-IgE, 30 to 50% of the histamine was released; with phorbol myristic acetate (PMA) or the calcium ionophore A23187, 70 to 100% of the histamine was released. Serum-opsonized zymosan (STZ) did not induce histamine release. Reactions with monoclonal antibodies revealed that the basophils expressed the C3bi receptor (CR3) and the leukocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA1), but not the gp 150,95 antigen, the C3b receptor (CR1), or the low avidity Fc gamma receptor. Basophils carry class I but not class II HLA antigens. During incubation of the basophils with serum-opsonized Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, these bacteria were neither phagocytized nor killed. STZ, PMA, A23187, or anti-IgE did not initiate an "oxidative burst" in the basophils. This was tested with oxygen consumption, cytochrome c reduction, NBT reduction, chemiluminescence, and release of hydrogen peroxide. Moreover, we did not detect cytochrome b558, superoxide dismutase, catalase, or peroxidase in the basophils. Of the typical granule-associated enzymes lysozyme, Vitamin B12-binding protein, and beta-glucuronidase, only beta-glucuronidase was present in the basophils in detectable amounts. This enzyme was released, together with histamine, on incubation of the cells with PMA, A23187, or anti-IgE, but not with STZ. We conclude that basophils from normal human blood are not phagocytes and are probably not involved in the oxidative defense of the host against foreign antigens.
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PMID:Metabolic comparison between basophils and other leukocytes from human blood. 300 19


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