Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Friend-virus transformed erythroblasts (HFL cells) were incubated in solutions containing up to 3 different proteinaceous compounds at pH 7.2 or 5.5 at 5 degrees C. The specificity of interaction of each compound with the cell surface was determined by comparing the amounts of each compound adsorbed and bound in the presence of 2 or 3 different compounds or after prior binding of another compound to the amounts when the individual compounds alone interacted with the cells. At pH 7.2, ovalbumin and gelatin apparently interacted with cell surface components common to both proteins, as indicated by a decrease (up to 80%) in the amount of each compound adsorbed and bound in the presence, or after the binding, of the other compound. The relative amounts of each compound that interacted were different at pH 5.5 and pH 7.2. Gelatin and poly-L-lysine interacted mainly with different components at pH 7.2, whereas common components appeared to be involved at pH 5.5. Concanavalin A interacted preferentially with components that it shared with lysozyme at both pH values. In addition to variations in interactions with changes in pH and type of compound, variations occurred with changes in concentration of the compounds and with their sequence of addition to the cells. Comparative studies with horse red blood cells showed that the interactions differed markedly with cell type.
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PMID:Protein-membrane interactions: specific vs. non-specific adsorption and binding of proteins and polyamino acids on erythroblasts transformed by Friend virus. 619 93

Equilibrium adsorption and binding isotherms at different pH values and temperatures were used to study the mechanism of interaction of 6 proteinaceous compounds with erythroblasts transformed by Friend virus (HFL cells). The molecular weight of the adsorbate appeared to influence the amounts absorbed: fewer moles interacted with increasing molecular weight. The pI value affected binding of adsorbates of low molecular weight in an almost linear way: more moles bound with increasing pI value. Polylysine and polysarcosine absorbed to labile components on the cell surface. Gelatin, lysozyme, ovalbumin, and polysarcosine interacted with pronase-susceptible, Concanavalin A and polylysine with non-susceptible components.
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PMID:Protein-membrane interactions: equilibrium adsorption and binding of proteins and polyamino acids on erythroblasts transformed by Friend virus. 746 27

Gelatin was anionized to increase the carboxylic acid groups through succinylation. Succinylation of gelatin was performed using varying amounts of succinic anhydride. This gave various percentages of substitution. Lysozyme, a cationic antibacterial enzyme, which has important applications in the reduction of prosthetic valve endocarditis, was chosen as a model protein drug. Microspheres were prepared using unmodified gelatin and succinylated gelatin (SG) and lysozyme was incorporated into them. The percentage loading and release profiles of lysozyme for gelatin and SG microspheres were evaluated and compared. It was found that the SG microspheres exhibited higher loading efficiency for lysozyme (50%) than the unmodified gelatin microspheres. The in vitro release of lysozyme from SG microspheres occurred up to 122 h, compared to 96 h for gelatin microspheres, for the release of most of the lysozyme incorporated. This prolonged release of lysozyme from SG microspheres was attributed to the electrostatic interaction between the cationic lysozyme and the anionic SG microsphere carrier.
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PMID:Controlled release of lysozyme from succinylated gelatin microspheres. 1140 31

The innate immune system of fish is considered first line of defense against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Being a component of innate immunity and lying at the interface between fish and the aqueous environment, skin mucus plays a frontier role in protecting fish from infections. In the present study, skin mucus of Cirrhinus mrigala, Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Rita rita and Channa punctata, inhabiting different ecological niches, was analyzed to characterize potential innate immune factors such as lysozyme, proteases, phosphatases, esterase and sialic acid. The enzyme activities were high in bottom dweller species, C. punctata and C. mrigala, and low in clean water inhabiting species, L. rohita and C. catla. An inverse relationship was observed between the level of enzyme activity and the sialic acid content in these fish species. In R. rita, however, the levels of all factors were found to be low. Zymographic analysis with labeled Micrococcus lysodeikticus revealed three isoforms of lysozyme in C. punctata and two in each species, C. mrigala, L. rohita and C. catla. In R. rita, lysozyme could not be detected. Gelatin zymography revealed that serine and metalloproteases were the major mucus proteases in all fish species investigated. In addition, trypsin-like protease and Ca(++)-specific serine proteases were observed in skin mucus. Increased knowledge of these parameters could be useful in understanding the role of skin mucus in the innate immune system of fish species inhabiting different ecological niches.
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PMID:Comparative analysis of innate immune parameters of the skin mucous secretions from certain freshwater teleosts, inhabiting different ecological niches. 2235 May 22

Cortical neural prostheses (CNPs) hold great promise for paralyzed patients by recording neural signals from the brain and translating them into movement commands. However, these electrodes normally fail to record neural signals weeks to months after implantation due to inflammation and neuronal loss around the implanted neural electrodes. Sustained local delivery of neurotrophins from biocompatible coatings on CNPs can potentially promote neuron survival and attract the nearby neurons to migrate toward the electrodes to increase neuron density at the electrode/brain interface, which is important for maintaining the recording quality and long-term performance of the implanted CNPs. However, sustained release of neurotrophins from biocompatible ultrathin coatings is very difficult to achieve. In this study, we investigated the potential of several biocompatible natural polyanions including heparin, dextran sulfate, and gelatin to form layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly with positively charged neurotrophin nerve growth factor (NGF) and its model protein lysozyme, and whether sustained release of NGF and lysozyme can be achieved from the nanoscale thin LbL coatings. We found that gelatin, which is less negatively charged than heparin and dextran sulfate, showed the highest efficacy in loading proteins into the LbL films because other interactions in addition to electrostatic interactions were involved in LbL assembly. Sustained release of NGF and lysozymes for approximately 2 weeks was achieved from the gelatin-based LbL coatings. Released NGF maintained the bioactivity to stimulate neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells. Gelatin is generally recognized as safe by the FDA. Thus, the biocompatible LbL coating developed in this study is highly promising to be used for implanted CNPs to improve their long-term performance in human patients.
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PMID:Layer-by-layer films assembled from natural polymers for sustained release of neurotrophin. 2635 83