Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tears of patients and laboratory animals on systemic medications have been analyzed for the presence and influence of these agents on tear constituents. Antibiotic penetration into tears, drugs stimulating or retarding lacrimation, and effects on tear electrolytes, lysozyme, and immunoglobulins are reviewed from the literature. Important applications to clinical practice such as contact lens wear, general anesthesia, eye infections, and epiphora or dry eye symptoms are discussed.
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PMID:The influence of systemic drugs on tear constituents. 53 May 58

The activity of some lysosomal enzymes has been investigated in venous and arterial blood collected from patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass. Before bypass, there is no arterio-venous difference in the activity of n-acetyl-beta glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase or lysozyme. After operation, the activity of n-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase is greater in arterial than in superior caval blood within the first 24 h after bypass, and a small arterio-venous increment in the activity of beta-glucuronidase can also be detected towards the end of the first day. The site of enzyme release has not been identified with certainty but may lie within the pulmonary circulation.
Anaesthesia 1978 Mar
PMID:Lysosomal enzyme release from the lungs after cardiopulmonary bypass. 64 73

Cocaine and its derivatives blunted responses of neutrophils (cell/cell aggregation, up-regulation of the receptor for C3bi (CR3, CD11b/CD18), generation of superoxide anion (O2-) and degranulation to various stimuli. The order of potency of these agents was the same as that for local anesthesia: tetracaine greater than bupivacaine greater than cocaine greater than lidocaine. Neutrophil aggregation elicited by the chemoattractant FMLP (10(-7) M) was inhibited by cocaine (10 mM) to 13.6 +/- 6% of control (p less than 0.002); the IC50 was approximately 4 mM. Cocaine and the other local anesthetics not only inhibited the upregulation of CR3 and O2- generation, but also blocked degranulation of cytochalasin B-treated cells. Cocaine (10 mM) reduced beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme secretion to 4.3 +/- 0.7 and 13 +/- 2.2% controls, respectively; its IC50 was 4 mM. Local anesthetics added after ligand/receptor engagement (FMLP) interrupted aggregation and halted generation of O2-. Moreover, local anesthetics rapidly inhibited aggregation, O2- generation, and degranulation elicited by PMA (1 microgram/ml) or the Ca ionophore A23187 (10 microM): the effects of cocaine could therefore not be attributed to unique actions at the FMLP receptor. Peak levels of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca]i) at 5 to 10 s, and levels of [Ca]i 120 s after FMLP in Fura 2-loaded cells were significantly lower in cells treated with lidocaine, findings that could be explained by enhanced 45Ca2+ efflux from neutrophils. In cells loaded with bis(carboxyethyl)carboxyfluorescine (pH indicator) local anesthetics failed to affect the initial FMLP-induced (0 to 15 s) drop of pHi but inhibited the later (120 s) realkalinization of the cytosol (lidocaine, bupivacaine). Most remarkably, autoradiographs of SDS gels prepared from stimulated, 32P-labeled neutrophils treated with local anesthetics showed no difference from resting cells, either with respect to patterns of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation or their kinetics. Labeling of a 47-kDa protein, a component of the reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase system, was unchanged. The effects of local anesthetics, which blunt neutrophil responses without affecting protein phosphorylation, suggest that protein phosphorylation is an insufficient signal for neutrophil activation. Inasmuch as cocaine and its derivatives affect cell functions at sites distal to activation of protein kinase C, these agents should prove useful in uncoupling protein phosphorylation from functional responses.
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PMID:Cocaine and its derivatives blunt neutrophil functions without influencing phosphorylation of a 47-kilodalton component of the reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. 216 79

The study of changes in the factors of natural resistance (blood serum bactericidal activity, lysozyme, B-lysines) and immunogenesis (T- and B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins A, M, G) observed in cancer patients subject to 4 distinct types of anesthesia (ketamine anesthesia, hallothane anesthesia, ester anesthesia, neuroleptanalgesia + N2O) has demonstrated differences in the effect of various anesthesia techniques on the above homeostasis parameters. The changes in natural resistance factors proved to be more informative for predicting the course of the postoperative period. Heterogeneity of changes caused by various types of anesthesia and corresponding clinical and experimental results confirm the effect of anesthesia on the course of the postoperative period. It has been established that ketamine anesthesia affects the T-system (causing its significant inhibition), with ester anesthesia attenuating humoral immunity. Neuroleptanalgesia combined with N2O proved to be the most avequate technique of anesthesia in cancer patients, sparing their body resistance factors. Our results correlate with the data on postoperative complications.
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PMID:[Factors of nonspecific resistance in patients with cancer under various types of general anesthesia]. 240 Jan 38

Unilateral topical anesthesia affected the secretion of human tear fluid and its concentrations of lysozyme and lysosomal enzymes. Results of a Schirmer's test with 0.4% oxybuprocaine showed that topical anesthesia reduced the mean test value by 47% and the secretion of protein, lysozyme, acid phosphatase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase by 30%, 45%, 31%, and 33%, respectively. These results indicated that the paper strip induced reflex secretion from only the stimulated eye. The enzyme activity of lysozyme per fluid volume in tears from anesthetized eyes was as high as that from eyes without anesthesia, while acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase had higher activities. The amount of protein in the tear fluid was higher in anesthetized eyes than in unanesthetized eyes. Enzyme activity of lysozyme per protein of the tear fluid in the anesthetized eyes was lower than in the eyes without anesthesia, while acid phosphatase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase had higher activities per protein in the eyes with anesthesia. These findings disclosed that the concentrations of total protein, acid phosphatase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase increased, while lysozyme value was constant when the tear secretion decreased.
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PMID:Effect of topical anesthesia on secretion of lysozyme and lysosomal enzymes in human tears. 279 16

Patients affected by different diseases were submitted to bronchial and bronchoalveolar lavage, performed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy under xylocaine anesthesia. Bronchial lavage levels of lysozyme are very high and depend on the secretory rate of the mucosa, although further amounts can be derived from bronchial washings during inflammatory processes by neutrophils. Broncho-alveolar levels are mainly a function of macrophage secretion and dosages may provide an insight to the dynamic behaviour of macrophages in their response to foreign stimuli. Alveoli and blood levels reach an equilibrium, as assessed by mixed venous and arterial blood samples. Administration of exogenous lysozyme is able to increase bronchial IgA and sIGA. Serum immunoglobulins are higher as well, because of the polyclonal stimulation of the lymphocytes. Antiinflammatory properties and modulation of PMN arrival to inflammatory sites play a role in diminishing the enzymatic load to the lung and bronchi.
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PMID:Lysozyme activity in bronchial and broncho-alveolar fluids. 400 26

When the lysozyme concentration (expressed in microgram/ml HEL) in reflex-stimulated tears was compared with tear fluid obtained after local anaesthesia (after correction for differences in volume and matched against standard concentrations of HEL with standard volume), there was no significant statistical difference. These findings suggest that there is either a common source for stimulated and unstimulated tears or there are two different sources for tears that are secreted with the same lysozyme concentration.
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PMID:Lysozyme concentration in reflex and "basic" secretion. 666 62

In 116 persons (67 men and 49 woman) the tear fluid of both eyes was collected using paper discs and once more after topical anaesthesia. After weighing the discs and eluting the tear fluid, the lysozyme content was measured using two immunological methods [radial immunodiffusion (RID) and rocket immuno-electrophoresis (RIE)] and a spectrophotometric assay. Standard curves were established with purified human lysozyme and egg-white lysozyme. In addition, albumin was determined in all the samples by rocket immuno-electrophoresis. All lysozyme assays showed a high degree of correlation, the spectrophotometric technique giving significantly lower values (compared with RID and RIE) when human lysozyme was used for standardization. The lysozyme content of the tears did not correlate with the fluid uptake in the discs, but showed a significant decrease with age, which was abolished by topical anaesthesia. In contrast, albumin levels were dependent upon the weight and independent of the age of the patient. It is suggested that the determination of albumin as a "reference protein' might help in comparing the results of different tear sampling techniques used by various groups, which induce variable amounts of reflex tearing.
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PMID:Human tear lysozyme. A comparison of electro-immunodiffusion, radial immunodiffusion and a spectrophotometric assay. 680 56

Although prolonged Gram-negative sepsis with high permeability alveolar edema, a well documented cause of adult respiratory distress syndrome, has been shown to result in surfactant alterations, the effects of acute endotoxemia on the lung surfactant system are largely unknown. In this study, lethal endotoxemia (> 80% mortality at 24 h) resulting in severe, rapid leukopenia with progressive thrombocytopenia was achieved through intraperitoneal injection of adult Fischer 344 rats with 3.5 mg of Escherichia coli endotoxin/kg. After assessment of pulmonary mechanics under general anesthesia, endotoxin-injected rats and appropriate controls were killed at 4, 8, and 12 h for morphological and biochemical analyses. Morphometric estimation of surfactant membrane subtypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid revealed prominent alterations including significant decrease (45%) in tubular myelin 12 h post-endotoxin, with a threefold increase in lamellar body-like forms at 8 and 12 h. Acute endotoxicosis resulted in decrease of total dynamic compliance, whereas pulmonary resistance remained unchanged. These changes were associated with margination of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in lung microcirculation, multifocal septal edema, and decrease in lamellar body lysozyme specific activity at 12 h. Alveolar edema, as determined by measurement of total protein in cell-free bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, was absent in both controls and endotoxin-injected rats. The results indicate that bloodborne lung injury induced by lethal endotoxicosis initiates acute perturbation of secreted surfactant membranes with pulmonary dysfunction in the absence of high protein alveolar edema.
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PMID:Depletion of surfactant tubular myelin with pulmonary dysfunction in a rat model for acute endotoxemia. 774 73

We compared the effects of propofol-based (n = 15) and isoflurane-based anaesthesia (n = 15) on mucous host defences by measuring the salivary flow and the concentrations/activities of salivary total protein and amylase, and of salivary immunological (IgA, IgG and IgM) and nonimmunoglobulin defence factors (lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, total salivary peroxidase and thiocyanate) in patients undergoing elective abdominal hysterectomy. The saliva samples were collected pre-operatively and on the first and fourth postoperative days. The concentrations of salivary protein and amylase as well as those of immunological and nonimmunological defence factors were significantly increased on the first postoperative day. The secretion rate of total protein, amylase, lysozyme, total peroxidase, thiocyanate and IgG, however, decreased owing to a marked decrease in the salivary flow, but no alterations were found in secretion rate of myeloperoxidase, IgA and IgM. The changes were similar in both groups. These findings show that nonimmunological oral mucous host defences are altered after major surgery, but immunoglobulin responses are better maintained. Both types of anaesthesia induce marked short-term hyposalivation.
Anaesthesia 1998 Nov
PMID:Mucosal host defence response to hysterectomy assessed by saliva analyses: a comparison of propofol and isoflurane anaesthesia. 1002 75


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