Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Miniature pigs of eight swine leucocyte antigens (SLA) haplotypes were immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC), hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) and the synthetic peptide (T, G)-A--L to induce antibody. Bacillus Calmette Geurin (BCG) and dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) were used to induce cell mediated immune response (CMI). Analysis of variance by least squares was used to assess the effects of SLA haplotype, sire, dam, litter and sex of pig on the magnitude of the primary and secondary antibody response and on dermal delayed type hypersensitivity induced by purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) and DNCB-induced contact hypersensitivity. The statistical model accounted for 43.50-77.30% of the observed variability in antibody and CMI at various times after immunization or challenge. While SLA had a significant effect on both antibody and CMI to some antigens at some, but not all times, sire, dam and litter were more frequently significant and to a greater degree. Haplotypes dd, dg and gg produced more antibody to SRBC and (T, G)-A--L while dg and gg had higher primary, but not secondary antibody response to HEWL. Delayed hypersensitivity to PPD was most marked in pigs of dd, dg and gg haplotypes while contact hypersensitivity to DNCB was expressed least in the dg and gg haplotype pigs. Heritability estimates were high for response to (T, G)-A--L and HEWL indicating feasibility of selective breeding for these traits.
...
PMID:Genetic and other effects on antibody and cell mediated immune response in swine leucocyte antigen (SLA)-defined miniature pigs. 252 14

Murine peritoneal macrophages were cultured with heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes organisms and then with the protein hen egg white lysozyme. Hen egg lysozyme is well known to need intracellular processing for presentation to T cells. The presentation to T cells of lysozyme was affected despite no reduction in the amount taken up or catabolized by the macrophage. This interference with Ag presentation was not found if the macrophages were cultured with lysozyme before the Listeria pulse. The interference with Ag presentation induced by Listeria was found for a second Ag (conalbumin). Uptake of Listeria did not affect the presentation of the lysozyme peptide 46-61, indicating that MHC class II molecules were available at the macrophage surface. Other materials that are retained in the macrophages affected presentation of lysozyme but not of the processed peptide. These included SRBC, dextran, sucrose, cellobiose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium dextran sulfate, Ficoll, and polyethylene glycol. Except for SRBC, which were not tested, the remaining molecules did not interfere with presentation of 46-61 by formaldehyde-fixed macrophages, an indication that they did not affect the peptide interaction with class II molecules. Finally, uptake of latex beads did not affect presentation of lysozyme. We conclude that retention in the macrophage of a variety of soluble or particulate molecules can interfere with the intracellular events that result in the creation of an immunogenic determinant. This interference is independent of the catabolism of the Ag or of the availability of class II molecules to bind peptides.
...
PMID:Intracellular interference with antigen presentation. 313 57

The injection of thioglycollate medium into the peritoneal cavity of the mouse induces high levels of macrophage fibrinolytic activity due to the production and secretion of a plasminogen activator, a trypsinlike serine protease, which is absent in unstimulated macrophages. Intraperitoneal injection of endotoxin or mineral oil can stimulate only a fraction (<10%) of the fibrinolytic activity of thioglycollate cells, similar to the partial stimulation (<10%) seen 1-2 days after phagocytosis of latex or SRBC by unstimulated macrophages. The endotoxin-stimulated macrophages contain and release relatively low levels of plasminogen activator, but these primed cells can be triggered to produce and secrete high levels of enzyme, by phagocytosis of latex. Under conditions where the plasminogen activator is induced and secreted, there are no effects on the production and/or release of lysozyme or intracellular acid hydrolases, Discovery of a two-stage procedure for inducing macrophage plasminogen activator made it possible to study the role of cell priming and phagocytosis separately. Endotoxin was a more effective priming agent, weight for weight, than lipid A:BSA complex. Secretion of the plasminogen activator was induced only by thioglycollate, or endotoxin and latex. In situ fibrinolysis was induced by these agents and mineral oil, BCG, and fetal calf serum, in decreasing order of effectiveness. Phagocytosis of latex in all cases except thioglycollate stimulation, increased fibrinolytic activity from three- to sixfold. Latex and a variety of other particles such as M. lysodeikticus, aggregated gamma-globulin and immune complexes showed dose-dependent stimulation of fibrinolysis by endotoxin-primed macrophages. Although the initial phagocytic trigger was not specific for the substance employed, the ability to induce a sustained response depended on the persistence of the phagocytized particle within the cell. Fibrinolysis and secretion of plasminogen activator continued at high levels for at least 9 days after uptake of latex, a nondigestible particle, whereas plasminogen activator was secreted only transiently after ingestion of rapidly digested M. lysodeikticus. The induction of plasminogen activator secretion provides a mechanism by which the activated macrophage can exert a selective effect on its extracellular environment.
...
PMID:Induction of macrophage plasminogen activator by endotoxin stimulation and phagocytosis: evidence for a two-stage process. 442 92

To evaluate the role of NK cell granules in the lytic activity of NK cells, cytoplasmic granules of rat NK tumors were purified by centrifugation of the cell homogenates in a Percoll gradient. Analysis of such gradients showed a band of light-scattering material near the bottom of the tube; assay of gradient fractions for lytic activity against SRBC showed a potent lytic activity giving a sharp peak in this region. Complete lysis of SRBC was achieved with less than 1 microgram/ml protein of the most active fractions. Examination in the electron microscope showed that a pool of fractions containing lytic activity consisted of pure cytoplasmic granules showing similar morphology to those found in the LGL tumors. The lytic band was associated with a peak in the activity of four different lysosomal enzymes. Analysis of Percoll gradient fractions showed that marker enzymes for mitochondria, plasma membrane, and cytosol were well separated from this activity peak. Analysis of the Percoll gradient fractions by SDS gel electrophoresis showed that this granule fraction was free of contamination of proteins from other parts of the gradient. The granules contained major protein bands of 62, 58, 30, 29, and 28 kilodaltons. In addition to protein, the purified granule fractions contain hexose and uronic acid, but no nucleic acids or phospholipids were detected in chemical assays. Major amounts of chymotryptic, tryptic, and elastase activities were not present, nor were peroxidase or lysozyme activities detectable in substantial amounts. These data show that NK tumor cell cytoplasmic granules contain a potent lytic activity and have biochemical properties that distinguish them from granules present in granulocytes and mast cells.
...
PMID:Purification and properties of cytoplasmic granules from cytotoxic rat LGL tumors. 637 25

1. In normal control mice (only injected SRBC) after EA the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT, P < 0.05) and interlukin-2 (IL-2) activity (P < 0.05) were significantly increased, but the serum lysozyme (IZM, P < 0.01) was apparantly decreased. 2. After injection of 6-OHDA in mice, the spleen weight, spleen index, thymus weight, thymusindex, spleen lymphocyte population and serum IZM, igG contents were markedly decreased, whereas LTT, IL-2 and plaque forming cell (PFC) were umchanged, In contrast, the thymus lymphocyte population was markedly increased. 3. After EA of mice axotomized sympathetic nerve with 6-OHDA the above mentioned immune parameters deceased by 6-OHDA could be returned to normal or nearing normal levels. However, the unchanged LTT, IL-2 and the increased thymus lymphocyte population could be enhanced further, especially IL-2. These results suggest that peripheral sympathetic nerve may be participation in the EA-mediating immunological responses.
...
PMID:[The role of sympathetic mechanism in the effect of electroacupuncture on immunoregulation]. 764 99

The effect of her egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) on immune response was evaluated by measuring antibody-producing cells and circulating antibodies in mice inoculated with the test antigen (SRBC or BSA) and HEWL at the same time but in a separate body area. HEWL caused a premature decline in SRBC-specific plaque forming cells (PFC) and a reduction in the total amount of these cells. HEWL inhibited antibody production against BSA in the primary response, but was devoid of any effect on the secondary response elicited in the same mice by a second inoculation of the test antigen. The inhibitory effect of HEWL was dose-dependent, being maximal with 300 micrograms, required an enzymatically active protein and was not shown by other basic proteins. HEWL also abolished the enhancing effect of LPS and CFA on anti-BSA antibody production. The inhibitory activity of HEWL was further increased by hydrolyzed peptidoglycan. These results suggest that HEWL modulates the immune response in mice and performs this function through activation of non-specific suppression mechanisms.
...
PMID:Modulatory effects of hen egg-white lysozyme on immune response in mice. 867 48

The effect of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) inhibitors (such as heparin, histidine methylester, chitotriose, chitobiose) on immune response was evaluated by measuring antibody-producing cells and circulating antibodies in mice inoculated with these substances and the test antigen (SRBC or BSA). It was found that these compounds have an immuno-enhancing effect which is directly proportional to their inhibitory activity on HEWL. Conversely, HEWL inhibited the immunoenhancing effect of these compounds when injected together with these and the test antigen. The results suggest that one possible mechanism by which adjuvants stimulate immune response may be the inhibition of endogenous lysozyme.
...
PMID:Lysozyme inhibitors enhance immune response in mice. 867 49

Our previous study suggested that peripheral sympathetic nerve played an important role in the electroacupuncture (EA)-induced immunomodulation. The aim of this study is to explore the role of peripheral parasympathetic nerve in it. All mice are preimmunized with SRBC (sheep red blood cell) 4 days before experiment. The animals in different groups were injected i.p. with Hemicholine-3 (HC-3, an ACh synthesis blocker) or physiological saline 3 hr before EA. The main results are as follows: 1. In saline group, the LTT (lymphocyte transformation test), IL-2 (interleukin-2) of spleen and lymphocyte number of thymus are markedly increased, and the other immune parameters have no change after EA. 2. In HC-3 control group, the LTT, IL-2 are decreased significantly and the other immune parameters have not shown influence. 3. In the HC-3 with EA group, the magnitude of LTT, IL-2 did not significantly change as compared with HC-3 alone, it is especially noteworthy that the other unchanged parameters by HC-3 such as spleen weight, spleen index, thymus weight, thymus index, number of spleen cells, spleen LZM(lysozyme) and thymus LZM are clearly decreased after EA. The above results suggest that peripheral parasympathetic nerve may play some promoting effect in the EA-induced immunomodulation. Its effect may be mediated by ACh released from parasympathetic nerve endings.
...
PMID:[Effect of HC-3 on electroacupuncture-induced immunoregulation]. 870 74

Administration of tocopherol acetate and essentiale to healthy animals not treated with antibiotics had no effect on the immune response induced by SRBC or LPS of Salmonella typhi. Administration of tocopherol acetate to the mice treated with streptomycin or gentamicin increased the response only to SRBC. Essentialle stimulated the development of the T-dependent and T-independent immune response in the animals treated with benzylpenicillin, streptomycin or gentamicin. Benzylpenicillin and streptomycin increased the suppressing effect of the Staphylococcus infection. Gentamicin had no effect on the immune response to SRBC and LPS. Tocopherol acetate and lysozyme increased the immune response to SRBC. Terrilitin did not influence the immune response to SRBC and LPS. Essentiale stimulated the response to both the T-dependent and T-independent antigens.
...
PMID:[Correction of the immunomodulating action of antibiotics in health and in staphylococcal infection]. 883 Jun 41

The effect of lysozyme dimer (20 micrograms/kg) injected i.p. once or four times to sheep erythrocytes-immunized mice on the secondary humoral response was studied with respect to the time of exposure to the drug in relation to priming and challenge. It has been found that lysozyme dimer potentiates secondary humoral response to SRBC; as a result, the number of splenocytes producing hemolytic anti-SRBC antibodies (PFC) and anti-SRBC hemagglutinin titers, especially 2-mercaptoethanol resistant increases provided that the drug is administered after the challenge. Lysozyme dimer (both a single dose and four times' exposure to the drug) administered after priming does not affect secondary humoral response of SRBC-immunized mice.
...
PMID:Modulation of secondary antibody response in SRBC-immunized mice by lysozyme dimer. 943 48


1 2 Next >>

---