Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by a profuse rhinorrhea in addition to paroxysms of sneezing, nasal congestion, and pruritus. To define better the sources of nasal secretion produced during rhinitis, nasal allergen challenges were performed on nine atopic subjects with seasonal rhinitis. A single dose of allergen was sprayed into one side of the nose, and nasal lavages were collected bilaterally for 7 hours. Nasal lavages were assayed for protein (total protein, albumin, lactoferrin, and lysozyme) and mediator (histamine and prostaglandin D2) content. Protein concentrations increased and remained elevated above baseline levels in both ipsilateral and contralateral secretions for up to 3 hours after allergen challenge. The proportion of albumin relative to total protein (the albumin percent) increased on the ipsilateral side, whereas the relative proportions of lactoferrin and lysozyme (the lactoferrin percent and lysozyme percent) increased on the contralateral side. Prostaglandin D2, but not histamine, increased selectively on the ipsilateral side. These data suggest that the ipsilateral protein secretory response is due to allergen-induced mast cell mediator release causing increased vascular permeability, whereas the contralateral protein secretory response is primarily a reflex-induced glandular secretion.
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PMID:The pathophysiology of rhinitis. V. Sources of protein in allergen-induced nasal secretions. 171 3

The mechanism of action of topical intranasal steroids is obscure. To investigate this, we have studied the effects of a topical intranasal corticosteroid, fluticasone propionate on nasal airflow resistance (Rnaw), secretions, cytological smears and symptoms. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray was given to 11 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. On each day, patients were challenged with ascending doses of histamine. Rnaw, secretion volume, total protein, mucin, lysozyme and albumin were measured. Nasal smears were taken and sneezes counted. Diary card data were collected for both treatment periods. There was a significant, dose-related increase in Rnaw and sneezing on histamine challenge. A single dose of fluticasone had no effect on any parameter. After 4 weeks of treatment, resistance measurements were reduced (post-challenge g.m.2.8 cmH2O/l/s, Q1-Q3 1.6-4.8; placebo 4.2, 2.9-5.3: P < 0.0001) as were baseline secretion volumes (mean 2.4 ml/5 min, c.i.1.9-3.0; placebo 3.3, 2.8-3.8: P < 0.05). Eosinophil counts were suppressed (fluticasone 5.8%, c.i. 4.0-15.7; placebo 23.3%, 12.4-34.1: P < 0.05) and the composite symptom score reduced (P < 0.05). Fluticasone has long-term effects on the nasal response to histamine in perennial allergic rhinitis and part of this effect is likely to be vascular.
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PMID:The effect of topical fluticasone propionate on intranasal histamine challenge in subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis. 755 27

Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a 21 amino acid peptide, and its receptors are distributed in the mammalian respiratory tract. To examine the responses of human upper airways to ET-1, we investigated the effects of intranasal administration of ET-1 to nine symptomatic allergic and nine nonallergic volunteers. Paper discs were used to administer ET-1 or diluent to one side of the nasal mucosa, and to collect secretions from the ipsilateral (challenged) and contralateral (opposite) nostrils. ET-1 (0.3-10 micrograms), but not diluent, induced dose-dependent bilateral increases in secretion weights, lysozyme secretion, symptoms of rhinorrhea and itch, and sneezing in both populations. ET-1 did not induce albumin secretion, histamine release, or symptoms of nasal congestion. Compared with the nonallergic subjects, allergic individuals sneezed more and had significantly higher bilateral secretion weights, contralateral lysozyme secretion, and symptoms of rhinorrhea following ET-1 provocation. In summary, ET-1 induced symptoms relevant to inflammatory upper airway diseases in allergic and nonallergic subjects. However, responses of allergic subjects were more pronounced, particularly with respect to symptoms associated with neural reflex responses, such as sneezing and contralateral secretion. Therefore, allergic inflammation enhances responsiveness of the nasal mucosa to ET-1.
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PMID:Effects of intranasal administration of endothelin-1 to allergic and nonallergic individuals. 852 Jul 34