Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

It is customary to distinguish "primitive", "classic" and "compact" ("burned out") senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). Primitive plaques are characterized by altered neurites without accumulation of amyloid, classic plaques by an amyloid core surrounded by altered neurites and compact plaques by amyloid without pathological neurites. Here we describe a further type of plaque in which no amyloid or obviously altered neurites could be found by light microscopy with appropriate stains. This type of plaque was found mainly in the lateral entorhinal region and could be recognized by a slightly more intense staining and an altered texture of the neuropil in a spherical area having the same size as an early or mature plaque (100-150 microns in diameter). In non-serial paraffin sections (3-4 microns thick), a dark, silver-positive cell measuring 10-12 microns in diameter was found in the center of 49 out of 400 such plaques (about 12%), which is the expected frequency if one assumes that every plaque contains such a cell and measures itself about 125 microns. In fact, the reconstruction of 15 plaques (from four different patients) by means of serial sections demonstrated the presence of a central cell in each of them suggesting that this cell is an essential component of this plaque type. The central cell did not react with antibodies against cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage, such as alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, leucocyte common antigen and lysozyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:A special type of senile plaque, possibly an initial stage. 367 4

Acute megakaryocytic leukemia is a rare form of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia that occurs with increased frequency in patients with Down's syndrome. Herein, we report a child with Down's syndrome who presented with a large retroperitoneal mass due to acute megakaryocytic leukemia. Immunohistochemical stains of the tumor cells also demonstrated evidence of myeloid/monocytic differentiation, with positivity for alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-chymotrypsin, and lysozyme. The significance of this phenotypic heterogeneity is unclear and awaits further studies of similar cases.
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PMID:Acute megakaryocytic leukemia with myeloid/monocytic differentiation. 367 84

Midline malignant reticulosis (MMR), a disease included in the lethal midline granuloma, is histologically characterized by a mixture of lymphoid cells and atypical reticulum cells. Recent investigations of the nature of proliferating cells in MMR have suggested different conclusions, i.e., that the lesion is a true histiocytic, B- or T-cell. Two cases of MMR are presented, on which extensive laboratory studies were carried out. The results showed that the atypical reticulum cells were negative when stained immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies for T- or B-cells, diffusely stained by reactions for acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, positively stained with human lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin, and possess abundant cytoplasm containing primary lysosomes, polylysosomes and residual bodies. These findings indicate the true histiocytic nature of the proliferating cells in MMR.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on disseminated skin lesions of midline malignant reticulosis. 374 52

Tissues from twenty-four patients with focal hyperplastic gingival lesions containing calcification were stained for lysozyme (muramidase), alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. In eighteen of the twenty-four cases the tissues stained positively for lysozyme, and in all instances the tissues stained positively for alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. These data suggest that the fibrous components of these lesions are derived from tissue histiocytes.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and lysozyme in focal hyperplastic gingivitis. 387 33

Macrophages may be distinguished from interdigitating cells and from Langerhans cells in paraffin sections, the latter cells being positive when an antiserum against brain S-100 protein is used. This antiserum was utilized to conduct a retrospective analysis of 10 cases of lichen planus, including both early and late lesions. In addition, staining of macrophages was carried out by means of anti-lysozyme, anti-alpha-1-antitrypsin and anti-alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. The anti-S-100 protein staining by immunoperoxidase methods showed large numbers of positive cells. Few macrophages were noted in the early lesions, but the ratios were reversed in the older lesions, in which macrophages predominated over dermal S-100-positive cells. Both Langerhans cells-interdigitating cells and macrophages could play important roles in various cutaneous disorders. The involvement of Langerhans cells-interdigitating cells or, on the other hand, of macrophages could distinguish among different pathological processes. Even in different evolutionary stages of the same lesion, as lichen planus, a different Langerhans cells-interdigitating cells/macrophages ratio could be important in explaining the pathogenetic development of the disease.
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PMID:The possibility of distinguishing a subset of antigen-presenting cells from macrophages by means of anti S-100 protein sera. Dermal infiltrate of lichen planus as a model. 389 Jan 51

Human bone marrow was cultured and cells from individual monocyte colonies stained with a variety of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Erythroid colonies and peripheral blood monocytes were used as controls. Both bone marrow cultured and peripheral blood monocytes stained with antibodies to lysozyme, non-specific cross reacting antigen (NCA) and alpha-1-antitrypsin and the cells stained variably for HLA-DR. A small number of cells in each cultured bone marrow colony stained with antibody to human thymic antigen (HTA T6) and most of the cells stained with variable intensity using anti-S-100 protein. No cells reactive with these two antibodies were detected in peripheral blood monocyte preparations and erythroid colony cells were negative for all antigens studied. The presence of cells within individual bone marrow colonies with phenotypic properties of both phagocytic macrophages (lysozyme positive, NCA positive, alpha-1-antitrypsin positive) and Langerhans cells/interdigitating reticulum cells (HTA(T6) positive, S-100 protein positive) suggests that these cells share a common stem cell and are both components of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical characterization of monocyte colonies of human bone marrow: a clue to the origin of Langerhans cells and interdigitating reticulum cells. 389 94

Seven patients with Hodgkin's disease were studied for the presence of lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin activity by immunoelectron microscopy. As a result, Reed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin's cells, and atypical cells were distinctly positive for lysozyme in four cases and weakly positive in the remaining three cases. These cells were also positive for alpha-1-antitrypsin in all cases. Because the cells of the monocyte-macrophage lineage also bore lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin, it is suggested that Reed-Sternberg cells, Hodgkin's cells, and the atypical cells are derived from the monocyte-macrophage lineage.
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PMID:Immunoelectron microscopic study of Hodgkin's disease. 390 96

Immunohistochemical staining of tuberculoid and lepromatous leprosy skin lesions was performed using various rabbit antisera. Macrophages in both stained with serum containing antibodies against lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin, while macrophages in lepromatous leprosy also reacted with other antibodies. An immunoglobulin fraction of positive serum stained following pepsin digestion, indicating that reactivity was not Fc dependent. Positive serum contained antibody against Mycobacterium butyricum, which caused macrophage staining, since affinity-purified antibody did not stain and absorption with M. butyricum removed staining. Staining was also produced by serum of subjects with leprosy or a positive tuberculin test. By immunoblotting, the anti-mycobacterial antibody was directed against surface components of M. butyricum of molecular weights 20 000-70 000. Electron microscopy showed M. leprae in phagolysosomes of macrophages, while immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated labelling along bacterial cell membranes. Therefore, macrophages in lepromatous leprosy skin lesions stain because they contain M. leprae, which reacts with antibody to either M. leprae, M. tuberculosis or atypical mycobacteria in human serum and with antibody to M. butyricum in serum from rabbits immunized with various antigens and Freund's complete adjuvant. These results indicate that immunohistochemical studies on leprosy are misleading if performed using intact polyclonal immune sera rather than affinity purified or monoclonal antibodies.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical staining of macrophages in the skin lesions of leprosy: the role of antibody to mycobacteria in human serum and various polyclonal immune rabbit antisera. 390 21

Four cases of lymphoma of the breast are described seen over a period of 2 years amongst 362 cases of breast carcinoma and one of carcinosarcoma. All four were diffuse non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, two of IgM-Kappa secreting follicle centre cell and two of histiocyte origin. Routine histological and enzyme histochemical methods were unhelpful but the application of a panel of antisera for the demonstration of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin as well as carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen, enabled a confident diagnosis to be made. Primary lymphoma of the breast may not be a rare disease and the possibility exists that it is misdiagnosed as anaplastic carcinoma as indeed two of these cases were on the initial biopsies. Correct diagnosis is essential so that appropriate treatment may be applied.
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PMID:Primary lymphoma of the breast. 392 71

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) shows a mixed proliferation of both fibroblastic and histiocytic cells. Because of their complex morphologic appearances, the nature of truly neoplastic cells in MFH has been controversial. In the present study, immunoperoxidase method (PAP method) was used to examine the intracytoplasmic lysozyme (LY), alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), fibronectin (FN), and polyvalent immunoglobulin (PI) in the fibroblastic and histiocytic cells. Twenty-three cases with MFH were histologically divided into three groups; predominantly fibroblastic type (Group I; 5 cases), mixed fibroblastic and histiocytic type (Group II; 15 cases), and almost pure histiocytic type (Group III; 3 cases). Fibroblastic cells showed a strong positive reaction for LY and A1AT, suggesting the histiocytic nature, while the proliferating cells in Group II were more intensely stained by each of the antibodies than in Groups I and III. Enzyme histochemical examinations on fresh materials were available in 3 cases. These findings suggest that proliferating cells in MFH possess a histiocyte nature.
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PMID:Immunohistological study on malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 609


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