Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Forty-five specimens of endometrium, consisting of 10 proliferative, 10 each of early, mid-, and late secretory, and five menstrual phase, were examined with antibodies to alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT), alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (A1ACT), muramidase, and serum 22, using an indirect peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunoperoxidase technique. Five postmenopausal and 10 pregnancy endometria were also examined. Very few macrophages were detected. Other stromal cells, however, in premenopausal, nonpregnant endometrium, stained strongly for A1AT and A1ACT but not with the other two antisera. Stromal cells following the menopause did not stain nor did the decidual cells of pregnancy. Only rare, isolated epithelial cells or whole glands stained for A1AT and A1ACT. The function of these antiproteases in endometrium may be to regulate the protease activity of the implanting blastocyst or the immunological response to it.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical demonstration of alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in normal human endometrium. 349 92

Five out of eight consecutive cases with initial symptoms of a 'midline granuloma' were identified as malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic sarcoma) which within 5 months to 4 years led to generalization and death. The three remaining cases also fulfilled the morphological criteria of this type of neoplasia, though these patients are still alive 1/2 to 8 years after diagnosis, possibly as a result of local radiotherapy. The age of the individuals ranged from 18 to 71 years and there was a male preponderance of 7:1. The histiocytic nature of the atypical cells was primarily documented by intense activity of NaF-inhibitable non-specific esterase, of acid phosphatase and of beta-glucuronidase as demonstrated in cryostat sections of formaldehyde-saccharose-fixed fresh biopsy specimens and by the detection of alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and lysozyme antigens, in that order of constancy (immunohistochemical examination of formaldehyde-fixed paraffin sections, using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method). There was among the reported cases a considerable heterogeneity with regard to these 'markers'. We conclude that malignant histiocytosis is a (the?) major cause of the 'midline granuloma syndrome'.
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PMID:Malignant histiocytosis (histiocytic sarcoma). A (the?) major cause of the 'midline granuloma syndrome'. 351 40

Cell suspensions from 16 tumour-free axillary lymph nodes from breast cancer patients were prepared, using collagenase digestion to free the sinus histiocytes from the fibrous stroma of the nodes. The histiocytic cells so obtained were then characterized using four surface markers: Fc(IgG) receptors, C3 receptors, DR antigen and a macrophage-associated antigen (defined by the monoclonal antibody VEP-7). In addition phagocytosis was assessed using IgG-coated red cells, and both lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin were localized by means of immunoperoxidase staining. The results demonstrated that the majority of sinus histiocytes carried surface macrophage markers, but that a minority displayed phagocytosis and the presence of lysozyme or alpha-1-antitrypsin.
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PMID:Sinus histiocytes in axillary lymph nodes from patients with breast cancer: macrophage characteristics and activation level. 351 7

Blood and bone marrow samples from 20 individuals with reactive conditions and 26 cases of acute and chronic myeloid leukemias were tested for the presence of lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT), and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (alpha-1-ACT). We compared the reactivity of samples in smears, cytocentrifuge preparations, and paraffin sections. Lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were found only in polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes and their precursors. Lymphocytes, E-rosetting cells, Con A-activated lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, red blood cells, erythroblasts, and megakaryocytes were consistently negative. Leukemic myeloblasts showed definite reactivity for both alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-ACT, but not for lysozyme. By contrast, lysozyme was present in poorly differentiated leukemic monoblasts, while alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin showed only weak reactivity. More mature myeloid and moncytic cells showed positive staining for all three antigens tested with differences in staining distribution and intensity. In four cases of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), circulating mature polymorphonuclear leukocytes were deficient in both lysozymne and alpha-1-antitrypsin. The use of lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin identifies normal and leukemic cells of the myeloid-monocytic series at all stages of maturation and is applicable to a variety of sample preparations.
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PMID:The distribution of lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin in normal hematopoietic cells and in myeloid leukemias: an immunoperoxidase study on cytocentrifuge preparations, smears, and paraffin sections. 351 16

A spectrum of giant cell lesions was evaluated for muramidase, alpha-1 antitrypsin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, and S-100 protein immunoreactivity using an avidin-biotin-complex immunoperoxidase method. Peripheral giant cell granuloma, central giant cell granuloma, giant cell tumor, osteitis fibrosa cystica, cherubism, and giant cell tumor of tendon sheath showed similar patterns of reactivity. Granulomatous inflammatory lesions stained more intensely for muramidase than did noninflammatory lesions. Alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was a slightly better marker of giant cell lesions than was alpha-1-antitrypsin. Positive S-100 protein staining in half the lesions was thought to be due to the presence of Langerhans cells. The results supported the belief that giant cell lesions of bone and tendon sheath are differentiated toward cells of the mononuclear-phagocyte system and that multinucleated giant cells are derived from macrophages.
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PMID:Muramidase, alpha-1 antitrypsin, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, and S-100 protein immunoreactivity in giant cell lesions. 353 9

Formalin fixed and paraffin wax embedded tissue from 24 cases of T-cell lymphoma diagnosed using immunocytochemistry on cryostat sections was examined using a panel of eight monoclonal and three polyclonal antisera. The monoclonal antibodies UCHL1 and MT1 proved to be comparable and reliable markers of neoplastic cells in T-cell lymphomas. The B-cell specific marker, MB1, strongly stained all cells in two cases of pleomorphic large cell T-cell lymphoma, large cells in two cases of pleomorphic mixed medium and large cell lymphoma, and isolated clusters of blast cells in four cases of T-zone and angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T-cell lymphoma. The cells stained by MB1 expressed T suppressor/cytotoxic surface markers on frozen section. Epithelial membrane antigen, as detected by a polyclonal anti-EMA and the monoclonal antibody HMFG2, was expressed in 36% of tumours especially those of monomorphic large cell and pleomorphic large cell phenotype. Single granules or finely dispersed cytoplasmic granularity was seen in four tumours using the anti-granulocyte reagent Leu M1. Tumour cells in one case stained in a pattern identical to Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease. Granular alpha-1-antitrypsin staining was found in 10 cases of pleomorphic large cell and monomorphic large cell lymphoma. No staining was observed using anti-lysozyme or the monoclonal macrophage specific marker Mac411. Monomorphic and pleomorphic large cell lymphomas tended to show a common immunophenotype with the majority of cells co-expressing alpha-1-antitrypsin HLA-DR and epithelial membrane antigen. Scattered large transformed blast cells in cases of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy-like T-cell lymphomas and T-zone lymphomas shared a similar immunophenotype with the large cell lymphomas. Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies effective in paraffin embedded tissue, diagnostically useful staining profiles which correlate with the morphological phenotype can be established in T-cell lymphomas.
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PMID:An immunocytochemical study of T-cell lymphomas using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies effective in routinely fixed wax embedded tissues. 354 52

The immunoperoxidase method was modified and adapted for use on cells obtained by fine-needle aspiration biopsy for routine diagnostic cytology. Combinations of different modes of fixation and graded trypsinization were tested. Best results were obtained with fixation in formol-acetone followed by enzyme digestion for 3-6 min; exact times were adjusted for the individual antigen. With optimal conditions as to fixation and proteolytic digestion, the method was found to be sensitive and reproducible and without artifactual background staining. Various intracytoplasmic antigens of diagnostic importance such as immunoglobulins, prostate-specific antigen, keratin, thyroglobulin, S-100, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and lysozyme in lymphoid cells, bone marrow cells, and tumor cells of epithelial and mesenchymal origin were detected. Staining of newly prepared or up to 2-yr-old specimens gave equally good results. Both cellular morphology and the results of immunoperoxidase staining can be studied simultaneously. The method is considered valuable for increasing accuracy of diagnostic cytology.
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PMID:Methodological aspects and application of the immunoperoxidase staining technique in diagnostic fine-needle aspiration cytology. 355 19

Thirty-nine skin tumors of epithelial, mesenchymal, and neuroectodermal origin were studied using antibodies against intermediate filaments and other cell proteins. Formol-fixed and paraffin-embedded material was reconstituted and stained with antibodies against epithelial cells (keratin, epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen), mesenchymal and histiocytic cells (vimentin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, lysozyme), nerve tissue (neurofilament, glial fibrillary acidic protein, myelin basic protein, myelin-associated protein, neuron-specific enolase), vessels (factor-VIII-related protein), basal cell lamina (laminin) and S-100 protein. Tumor cells displayed the same antibody pattern found in the normal cell type. It is recommended that immunotyping be started with three antibodies to allow gross classification into epithelial (keratin positive), mesenchymal (vimentin positive) and neuroectodermal (vimentin and S-100 protein positive) tumors; then, in a second step, the tumors can be subclassified by the other more specific antibodies listed above. All antibodies used in this study are commercially available and provide reliable results.
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PMID:[Immunohistologic differential diagnosis of skin tumors in routinely embedded paraffin sections]. 355 72

Angiosarcoma of the colon with epithelioid and histiocytoid features, a malignant counterpart of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, was observed in a 72-year-old man. The disease first manifested as a right cervical mass, with the histologic appearance of malignant, undifferentiated, large-cell epithelioid neoplasm. Light microscopy of the colonic tumor disclosed angiosarcoma, with active erythrophagocytosis and positive immunoperoxidase reactions to lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. Ultrastructural features of the tumor cells were those of intermediate between endothelial and histiocytic cells. The disease took a rapid fatal course with recurrence, peritoneal dissemination, and massive peritoneal hemorrhage. The cause remains unknown.
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PMID:Malignant epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the colon. Report of a case. 362 80

A case of Hodgkin's disease (HD) in a patient with long-standing hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is reported. The diagnosis of HCL was confirmed by clinical features (chronic illness with marked splenomegaly) and hematopathologic findings (increase of characteristic hairy cells with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in peripheral blood and bone marrow). Cervical lymphadenopathy first appeared 6 years after the diagnosis of HCL, and histologic features of the node were characteristic of HD. As it was possible that the neoplastic cells of both lesions might have originated from a single clone, their phenotypic features were defined. The hairy cells were found to bear surface immunoglobulin, receptors for complement components, leukocyte common antigen, and antigen defined by LN-1 monoclonal antibody, whereas lymph node lesion was characterized as HD because the Reed-Sternberg-like cells were positive for Leu M1 antigen, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and nonspecific cross-reacting antigen. Since there was no evidence indicating a common clonal origin, it is more likely to consider that both lesions are derived from different clones.
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PMID:Hodgkin's disease in hairy cell leukemia. Phenotypic characterization of neoplastic cells. 365 3


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