Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ten tumors of true histiocytic origin (Histiocytic Sarcoma) are presented. The tumor cells were identified as histiocytes by immunological, cytochemical and ultrastructural criteria (cytoplasmic lysozyme activity, presence of C3 and Fc gamma receptor, strong acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity, presence of lysosomes, absence of cell junctions and evidence of phagocytosis). The tumors identified in this way showed the following histological characteristics: diffuse proliferation of large tumor cells with ample cytoplasm, containing granular or occasionally diffuse diastase resistant PAS positive material, erythrophagocytosis, and haemosiderin pigment. The large or enormous nuclei were irregular, with occasional deep indentations, sharply defined nuclear membrane, coarse chromatin and conspicuous nucleoli. Despite the uniformity of these criteria differences in presence of alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and 5 Nucleotidase activity and the number of lysosomes in the cytoplasm were found. The findings are suggestive of a spectrum of cytological in these Histiocytic Sarcomas. The clinical picture ranged from monolocalization in a lymphoid organ to that of a diffuse Malignant Histiocytosis. The relationship between good response to therapy and complete remission and the absence of alpha 1-antitrypsin and a high number of lysosomes is discussed.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma of true histiocytic origin: histiocytic sarcoma. A morphological, ultrastructural, immunological, cytochemical and clinical study of 10 cases. 728 92

Serum lysozyme activities were measured in 34 control subjects, 13 untreated adult coeliac patients, 21 adult coeliac patients on gluten-free diet, and eight coeliac patients with a histiocytic lymphoma. Serum lysozyme activities were raised in three untreated patients, three patients treated with a gluten-free diet, and in only two patients with coeliac disease and lymphoma. Serum lysozyme estimations cannot be recommended as an aid to the diagnosis of lymphoma in patients with coeliac disease.
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PMID:Serum lysozyme activity in coeliac disease: a possible aid to athe diagnosis of malignant change. 732 82

Fifty-five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 42 patients with suspected meningeal tumor involvement were reviewed. Cytology in conjunction with immunocytochemistry identified 26 CSF specimens as malignant. There were fifteen cases of lymphoma, four cases of leukemia, two cases of carcinoma, and two cases of melanoma. A monoclonal light chain expression was demonstrated in nine out of eleven B cell lymphomas. The three T-cell lymphomas all expressed pan T markers (CD 3) and two the T-helper antigen (CD 4). One patient had meningeal involvement of a true histiocytic lymphoma which was identified by its large atypical cells which were positive for alpha-1-anti-trypsin and muramidase. In four patients with a primary diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CSF involvement was confirmed by the demonstration of blasts with CD 10 (cALLA) or light chain restriction. Epithelial or melanocytic markers were demonstrated on the tumor cells in CSF from the remaining four patients. In 29 CSF specimens a diagnosis of reactive lymphocytosis was made using cytomorphology which mostly was characterized by macrophages mixed with small mature lymphoid cells. Immunologic evaluation showed that these mature cells were CD 10 negative T-cells and only few specimens contained polyclonal B-cells. The subsequent clinical course of these patients showed no evidence of CNS malignancy. It is concluded that cytology should be used in conjunction with immunocytochemistry to accurately evaluate CSF specimens from patients with possible malignant meningitis.
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PMID:Diagnosis of lymphoma, leukemia, and metastatic tumor involvement of the cerebrospinal fluid by cytology and immunocytochemistry. 778 40

The morphology of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is associated with a clinical syndrome of peripheral lymphadenopathy (> 80%) and frequent extranodal disease (> 40%) in children and young adults (median age < 40 yrs.). Skin lesions occur in more than 20% of patients; other extranodal sites are bone, soft tissue, gastro-intestinal tract, lung, and pleura. Marrow involvement is infrequent (< 10%). Features that distinguish ALCL from Hodgkin's disease (HD) are noncontiguous nodal disease (> 50%), infrequent mediastinal mass (< 20%), and frequent inguinal lymphadenopathy (> 40%). Most patients present with stage III/IV disease. Stage is highly predictive of achieving complete remission, disease-free survival, and overall survival. Localized skin lesions have an excellent prognosis and occasional spontaneous regressions are noted. Distinctive histopathologic features of ALCL are partial lymph node involvement with sinus infiltration, sparing of B-cell regions, and tumor cell pleomorphism. Other features are high mitotic rate, necrosis, fibrosis, and plasma cell infiltrates. Morphologic variants of ALCL resemble carcinoma, syncytial variant of nodular sclerosing HD, true histiocytic lymphoma or interdigitating cell sarcoma, and mycosis fungoides. ALCL can be distinguished from these morphologically similar disorders by immunophenotype (CD30+, CD45+, CD15-, EMA+, BNH9+, keratin-, lysozyme-). A recurrent cytogenetic translocation, t(2;5) (p23; q35), has been observed among morphologic variants, including a small-cell-predominant variant and tumor cell line which contains a spectrum of small cerebriform and large anaplastic CD30+ cells. 70% of ALCL cases are of T-cell lineage, 15% B, 5% T/B, and 10% undefined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Primary Ki-1-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma: a distinct clinicopathologic entity. 817 12

True histiocytic lymphoma (THL) and malignant histiocytosis (MH) have been defined by clinical and histologic findings and enzyme histochemistry. We reviewed cases previously diagnosed as cutaneous histiocytic lymphoma (HL) and MH with cutaneous lesions. These cases had been classified as "histiocytic" on the basis of previous enzyme histochemistry profiles of frozen tissue. Cutaneous tumor cells were reevaluated using a panel of immunohistochemical stains in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue in correlation with histopathologic examination. The antibodies used in this study were directed against CD45 (leukocyte common antigen [LCA]), CD20 (L26) for B cells, CD3 and CD45RO (UCHL-1) for T cells, CD68 (KP-1) and lysozyme for histiocytes, as well as CD30 (BerH2) for Ki-1 positive cells. On re-evaluation, the seven cases originally classified as HL were reclassified as one case of THL with neoplastic cells positive for CD68 (KP-1) and lysozyme, two cases with immunohistochemical features of Ki-l lymphoma (including one of T-cell lineage), three cases of T-cell lymphoma, and one case of B-cell lymphoma, all associated with variable degrees of reactive histiocytosis. The four cases originally classified as MH were reclassified as two cases of MH and two cases of uncertain lineage. Although rare, histiocytic malignancies do exist. However, the diagnosis of histiocytic malignancy should be made only after careful correlation of atypical tumor cells in histopathologic sections and sections stained immunohistochemically. Erroneous classification of reactive histiocytes as neoplastic histiocytes using only enzyme histochemistry in frozen sections is a pitfall to be avoided.
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PMID:Cutaneous histiocytic malignancy. Immunohistochemical re-examination of cases previously diagnosed as cutaneous "histiocytic lymphoma" and "malignant histiocytosis". 832 Mar 54

Two cases of true histiocytic lymphoma of the small intestine occurred in middle-aged patients, manifesting as tumors causing intestinal obstruction. One of the patients died of uncontrollable local and metastatic disease, 16 months after surgery and polychemotherapy, and the other patient is alive 12 months after surgery and chemotherapy. The histologic characteristics of the tumor cells, namely complex nuclear outlines and abundant variably eosinophilic cytoplasm, suggested histiocytic differentiation. Both cases had negative results for B-cell and T-cell markers but stained for the histiocytic markers lysozyme, CD68, and HLA-DR and had positive results for S-100 protein and vimentin. Acetone-fixed frozen sections of one case showed positive results for several histiocytic markers, including CD11c, CD14, CD33, CD68, and BerMac3 (unclustered monoclonal antibody). CD4, a T-cell antigen present in a subset of histiomonocytic cells, had positive results in the cytoplasm. The tumor cells had negative results for CD1a, CD15, and CD30. Immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor gene probes showed germline configuration in one case studied. These results indicate the tumors are true histiocytic lymphomas, which have immunophenotypic features of both ordinary histiocytes and interdigitating reticulum cells.
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PMID:True histiocytic lymphoma of small intestine. Analysis of two S-100 protein-positive cases with features of interdigitating reticulum cell sarcoma. 837 37

True histiocytic lymphoma is considered a rare entity, and its diagnosis requires the concordance of morphological, immunophenotypic, and molecular findings. The association of malignant lymphoma with tumors in the monocyte-macrophage system has rarely been described. We present a case of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type low-grade B-cell lymphoma of the stomach, contiguous to a large tumoral mass that fulfills the morphological criteria (large cells with abundant pale cytoplasm and lobulated or kidney-shaped nuclei) and immunophenotypical features (human leukocyte antigen-DR locus, CD68, S-100, lysozyme immunoreactivity, and negative B- and T-cell markers) required for the diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma. The patient remains in complete remission 18 months after surgery. The association of low grade-malignant lymphoma with tumors of monocyte-macrophage system cells is an exceedingly rare phenomenon. Whether these tumors are directly related or occur due to pure chance requires the identification of new cases and further study.
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PMID:True histiocytic lymphoma of the stomach associated with low-grade B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type lymphoma. 889 46

This is the second report of histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma and the first case analyzed by flow cytometry and cytogenetic study. The immunophenotype determined by flow cytometry was that of a B-cell antigen-positive, surface immunoglobulin-negative B-cell lymphoma with 79% CD11c positive histiocytes. The lymphoid cells were composed of 76% neoplastic B-cells and 24% reactive T-cells. Immunohistochemical staining showed large numbers of histiocytes positive for CD68 and lysozyme in the lymph node and the bone marrow. Neoplastic lymphoid cells were positive for CD20, CD45, CD74 and CDw75. The monoclonality of the tumor cells was established by the evidence of rearrangements of the heavy chain and kappa light chain genes and a complex clonal cytogenetic abnormalities including t(8;14)(q11;q32). The tumor cells were large, pleomorphic lymphoid cells and showed no features resembling those of the L/H cells of Hodgkin's disease as previously reported. The rapidly progressive clinical course in the present case is consistent with the clinical features shown in the original study. The histiocytic component in this tumor is presumably recruited by a lymphokine with the nature of a growth factor from the tumor cells that may also be responsible for the rapid proliferation of the tumor cells and the aggressive clinical course. This entity merits special recognition because it leads to a predictable poor prognosis and because of its potential of being misdiagnosed as true histiocytic lymphoma.
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PMID:Histiocyte-rich B-cell lymphoma. 938 44

We describe the morphologic, immunohistologic, and genotypic characteristics of 13 cases of true histiocytic lymphomas. Six cases presented with primary gastrointestinal involvement, five with lymphadenopathy, the other sites involved being the bone marrow and the skin. The neoplastic cells displayed large abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm, occasionally vacuolated with folded or bizarre-shaped nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Mitotic figures were numerous. Multinucleated cells were common. The pattern of growth was usually diffuse and noncohesive. Spindle cell sarcoma-like areas were evident in five cases, with a prominent foam cell component in four cases. All cases expressed histiocyte-associated markers (CD68, lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin), CD45 or CD45RO, and were negative for CD1a, epithelial, and B- and T-cell lineage-specific markers. Reactivity for S-100 was observed in a variable proportion of cells in 11 cases. The proliferation fraction varied from 3 to 88%. Genotypic analysis for T-cell receptor or immunoglobulin gene rearrangement demonstrated a germline configuration in all cases. We demonstrate that true histiocytic lymphoma is a rare distinctive pathologic entity that may be defined by immunohistochemical criteria and that recognition among histiocytic disorders is important for clinical and prognosis reasons.
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PMID:True histiocytic lymphoma: a morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular genetic study of 13 cases. 980 31

A 58 year old man presented in 1995 with a swollen testicle. After orchidectomy, a diagnosis of poorly differentiated lymphoma was made. Lymphoid, epithelial, and seminoma markers were all negative. Six months later he developed a buccal lesion, which was biopsied and reported as a high grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. It responded completely to chemotherapy but within a year he developed a forearm swelling, which was biopsied and imprints made before fixation of the material. Immunocytochemistry on the imprints showed positivity with antibodies to CD4, CD68, and muramidase, and the non-specific esterase cytochemical stain was strongly positive, leading to a diagnosis of true histiocytic lymphoma. Despite further treatment, the patient entered a terminal acute leukaemic phase, the blasts marking as monoblasts. Review of all the biopsies, including molecular investigations and further immunohistochemistry studies performed retrospectively on the original biopsy, demonstrated that this was the same malignant cell line throughout, and we conclude that this is a case of histiocytic lymphoma, initially presenting as a testicular tumour and terminating in acute monoblastic leukaemia. A diagnosis of histiocytic lymphoma should be considered when lymphoid markers are negative in an apparent lymphoma, but should not be made without recourse to appropriate immunophenotypic and molecular studies.
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PMID:Histiocytic lymphoma presenting as a testicular tumour and terminating in acute monoblastic leukaemia. 1106 75


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