Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The extracellular matrix influences the growth and differentiation of a variety of cell types. In this study, the effects of bone marrow extracellular matrix on U-937 cells, a human histiocytic lymphoma cell line, were assessed. Sixty percent of U-937 cells adhered to extracellular matrix, whereas only 1% adhered to uncoated plastic. U-937 cells grown on extracellular matrix released significantly more lysozyme into the medium (8.3 +/- 0.3 micrograms/10(6) cells) compared to those grown on plastic (4.2 +/- 0.5 micrograms/10(6) cells). FMLP (f-met-leu-phe) receptor expression was also enhanced suggesting a more mature phenotype in cells grown on matrix (2980 cpm/10(6) cells vs 230 cpm/10(6) cells on plastic). Furthermore, bone marrow extracellular matrix inhibited proliferation of U-937 cells. After four days in culture, there was a 65% inhibition of cell growth in matrix-coated flasks compared to uncoated flasks. Since an arrest in G0/G1 usually precedes mammalian cell differentiation, DNA histograms were performed on U-937 cells grown on matrix to detect such an arrest. However, the cell cycle distribution of U-937 cells grown on extracellular matrix or uncoated plastic for various time periods was similar. In contrast, bromodeoxyuridine pulse labeling revealed approximately a 5 hr prolongation in cycle length in cells grown on extracellular matrix. We conclude that bone marrow extracellular matrix induced macrophage-like differentiation and inhibited proliferation of U-937 cells with a prolongation of the cell cycle that was not G0/G1 phase specific.
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PMID:Bone marrow matrix promotes differentiation and prolongs the cell cycle of U-937 cells. 150 79

Hepatic angiosarcoma (Kupffer cell sarcoma) is a very rare but ominous malignancy. We report a case diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The smear showed malignant spindle cells and a few rounded cells. The diagnosis was made on the cell block by the characteristic scaffolding arrangement of malignant cells along preexisting hepatocytes. This is the first report with immunocytochemical findings. The tumour cells stained positively for vimentin and negatively for keratin, factor VIII, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and lysozyme. This case demonstrates the possibility of a definitive diagnosis by FNAB prior to death without inflicting serious complications.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of hepatic angiosarcoma: report of a case with immunocytochemical findings. 163 39

Genotypic analyses were performed in six primary cutaneous lymphomas whose lineage could not be assessed on the basis of histologic and phenotypic data. By immunophenotyping, these neoplasms expressed leukocyte common antigen and HLA-DR but did not show consistent immunostaining for B-cell or T-cell differentiation antigens. Expression of nonspecific histiocytic markers such as lysozyme and alpha 1-antitrypsin was found in three cases. By genotyping, three cases retained a germline configuration and immunoglobulin gene rearrangement was observed in one case, T-cell receptor gene rearrangement was found in one case, and both types of rearrangements in one case. Of the three patients in whom gene rearrangements were noted, two rapidly died and the other patient, with a dual genotype, is still alive 15 years after diagnosis. The three patients without gene rearrangements are alive and well after a mean follow-up of 2.5 years. It appears that cutaneous lymphomas with an uncertain phenotype include at least some cases of authentic B-cell or T-cell lymphomas. The germline configuration that we observed in cases with a chronic course remains difficult to explain. It may be related to a low malignancy form of histiocytic lymphoma, an atypical polyclonal hyperplasia, or even a low-grade lymphoma arising from a primitive cell without established commitment to either B- or T-cell lineage.
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PMID:Cutaneous lymphomas of phenotypically undetermined lineage: contribution of genotypic analysis. 188 Feb 51

While he was being treated for Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia, a 75-year-old man developed an enlarging forearm skin nodule. On biopsy, the lesion appeared to be a malignant lymphoma. The tumor cells were negative for immunoglobulins but positive for lysozyme and alpha-1-antitrypsin. Therefore, the lesion was diagnosed as histiocytic lymphoma. Nine months later, an ipsilateral axillary lymph node biopsy revealed a small focus of tumor identical to that of the skin lesion. Three months after the lymph node biopsy, the patient developed acute myeloid leukemia. A reevaluation of the electron micrographs of the skin and lymph node lesion showed primary lysosomal granules within the tumor cell cytoplasm consistent with a diagnosis of leukemic infiltrates (granulocytic sarcoma); additionally, the naphthol AS-D chloracetate esterase activity of the skin lesion was positive, supporting the diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma. This report shows that if not suspected, granulocytic sarcoma is difficult to diagnose in nonleukemia patients.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as a solitary nodule of skin in a patient with Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. An immunohistochemical and electron-microscopic study. 236 Sep 34

Differentiation-inducing agents have recently been applied clinically in various myeloproliferative diseases, based on their in vitro ability to induce differentiation in myeloid and monocytic cell lines. In this study we compared the abilities of two agents, dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DBcAMP) and retinoic acid (RA) to induce monocytic functions in the human histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937. Both agents produced similar induction of phagocytosis and reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). Other monocytic functions, including accumulation of lysozyme, spontaneous and directed migration toward zymosan-activated serum (ZAS), the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were induced by DBcAMP, while RA induced migration toward LTB4 only. Simultaneous treatment with both inducers proved synergistic only with respect to phagocytosis. NBT reduction and migration toward FMLP and LTB4 were unchanged, while migration toward ZAS and lysozyme accumulation were suppressed by the addition of RA. The results suggest that the inducer affects the expression of cellular functions and characteristics specific to a particular lineage. In addition, the data presented indicate that the U937 cell line may serve as an excellent model system for the study of the regulation and mechanisms of chemotactic receptor expression in monocytes.
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PMID:Differential induction of monocytic functions by dibutyryl cyclic AMP and retinoic acid in a human monoblast cell line U937. 285 81

Interrelationships of immunologic and enzymatic markers of histiocytes have been studied in malignant neoplasms of histiocytic/monocytic origin and in differential diagnostically relevant, large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Cryostat sections required for demonstrating cell surface antigens by monoclonal antibodies are inadequate for studying cellular detail, enzymatic maturation by alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE), and demonstrating the classical cytoplasmic markers of histiocytes like lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin (AT), and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT). These markers have been compared in gently fixed and vacuum paraffin-embedded material. The reactivity for monoclonal anti-human monocyte 1 (Mo 1) has also been preserved by this method. Malignant histiocytosis (MH) is characterized by a heterogeneous cell population. The mature, ANAE-positive cells with macrophage morphology usually show a diffuse cytoplasmic positivity for AT and ACT. Lysozyme is moderately positive to negative in these cells, but it is more efficient than these markers in revealing smaller cells resembling monocytes by focal positivity in the cytoplasm. The expression of Factor XIIIa (F-XIIIa) is connected with the phagocytic activation of histiocytic cells. F-XIIIa positive cells usually form a minority of the neoplastic population in MH, but the large cytophagocytic marcophages are invariably positive. Reactive macrophages in large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas are characterized by a coexpression of ANAE, AT, ACT, lysozyme, F-XIIIa and Mo 1. Typical cases of true histiocytic lymphoma (THL) are made up of a homogeneous population showing the above mature, phagocytizing phenotype. In MH, Mo 1 and ANAE recognize different subpopulations. The reciprocal relation of these markers is an abnormal phenotypic feature. The results presented in this article prove the diagnostic value of ANAE and lysozyme in confirming the histiocytic differentiation of malignant cells. Monoclonal anti-human monocyte 1 is useful for identifying the immature component in MH. Factor XIIIa can be considered a functional marker of mature phagocytic histiocytes and an aid in the diagnosis of THL.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of histiocyte-related markers in malignant histiocytosis and true histiocytic lymphoma. 290 5

A comparative study of large cell lymphoma (LCL) (ten B and ten T), Hodgkin's disease (15 cases), and true histiocytic lymphoma (two cases) was undertaken, using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, a panel of eight antibodies, and one lectin to determine if any particular antibody or immunologic profile could reliably distinguish between these entities. The antibodies used were against Leu-M1, alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin (alpha-ACT), alpha-anti-trypsin (alpha-AT), lysozyme, kappa, lambda, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and S-100 protein. The lectin used was peanut agglutinin (PNA). Although Leu-M1 staining was positive in 11 of 15 cases (73%) of Hodgkin's disease, it was also positive in 4 of 10 cases (40%) of T-cell lymphoma, 2 of 10 cases (20%) of B-cell lymphoma, and 1 of 2 cases (50%) of true histiocytic lymphoma. Peanut-agglutinin staining results were similar to Leu-M1. The only staining profile that emerged was the presence of Leu-M1, PNA-, alpha-ACT, and alpha-AT staining in Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in 11 of 15 cases of Hodgkin's disease. Leu-M1 and its staining pattern is characteristic, but not entirely specific for RS cells, and it was not positive in at least 25% of the cases of Hodgkin's disease in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The limitations of this antibody and others should be recognized.
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PMID:A comparative marker study of large cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and true histiocytic lymphoma in paraffin-embedded tissue. 294 20

We have studied the possible origin of histiocytic cells, present in fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) by using immunohistochemistry to demonstrate lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and receptors for peanut and soy bean agglutinin in tumour cells of MFH compared with their presence in tumour cells of malignant histiocytosis (MH) ('true' histiocytic lymphoma, 'true' histiocytic sarcoma). We included in this study a number of other soft tissue tumours (STT). Lysozyme was detected in half of the cases of malignant histiocytosis (n = 16) but in only two out of 77 MFH. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin usually occurred together although the latter was seen in more cases. Both markers were present in majority of cases of MH whereas they were detected in a minority of cases of MFH. MFH cases of the storiform subtype were less frequently stained than the pleomorphic or giant cell subtypes. Receptors for peanut or soy bean agglutinin were detected in nearly all MH cases, whereas their presence was only detected in a small number of MFH. Lysozyme was not detectable in other STT. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were uncommonly present in other STT, except in osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. These markers therefore have a limited value as indicators of a possible histiocytic origin of MFH. Lectins showed weak affinity for other STT. In accordance with others, we therefore conclude that the progenitor cell of MFH has to be sought within the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and that histiocytes themselves probably do not give rise to MFH.
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PMID:Characterization of tumour cells in malignant fibrous histiocytomas and other soft tissue tumours in comparison with malignant histiocytes. I. Immunohistochemical study on paraffin sections. 299 65

Eighteen cases of malignant lymphoma were labelled by ABC immunohistologic method with various monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. It was found that all were OKT9 antiserum positive and cytokeratin negative. In B cell lymphomas, 9/18 cases were positive for B1; 7 positive for each of I2+ and Leu 10+; 6 for J5+, and 5 for B2+. In 6 cases of T cell lymphoma, 5 cases were positive for T3+ and Tac+ each; 4 for T11+ and 2 for T6+ while all were positive for T4 and negative or weakly positive for T8A. There was 1 case of histiocytic lymphoma and 2 of Hodgkin's lymphoma showing positive reaction to MO1, 2H9 and lysozyme antibody in their tumor cells and R-S cells.
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PMID:[Preliminary analysis of 18 cases of malignant lymphoma by immunohistological method with various monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies]. 324 83

1. The activities of nine glycosidases, lysozyme and acid and alkaline phosphatases were compared in the histiocytic lymphoma cell line U-937 and a set of clones and sublines derived from this line. 2. The patterns of the different enzyme activities and selected enzyme ratios have been used as a method to distinguish between different clones and sublines. 3. Sublines with high lysozyme levels were rich in most cell-bound glycosidases. 4. During long-term growth distinct enzyme patterns of individual lines were preserved. 5. The enzyme pattern during a cell culture growth cycle was basically stable.
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PMID:Glycosidase and phosphatase activities in U-937 and some clones and sublines. 328 Mar 60


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