Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Blood monocytes (MO) undergo maturation into macrophages (MAC) upon migration from the capillary bed to tissue sites of inflammation where they are exposed to environmental signals. Functional competence and phenotype heterogeneity is the result of both differentiation-inducing and -activating events. In vitro, MO to MAC maturation is induced by serum factors, can be followed by the expression of specific maturation-associated antigens and is accompanied by a characteristic change in the secretory repertoire of MAC in comparison to MO. Here we report that bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) at subnanogram quantities very effectively inhibited the serum-induced maturation of human MO in vitro. At the same time LPS induced the up-regulation of CD14 antigens. The lipid A moiety was shown to be responsible for this novel biological activity of the LPS molecule. Inhibition of maturation was not due to secondary LPS-induced signals like interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha or interferon (IFN)-alpha--even though the latter by itself suppressed MAC maturation in vitro. The inhibitory activity of IFN-alpha could be abolished by neutralizing anti-IFN-alpha antibodies whereas these antibodies had no effect on LPS-induced suppression of MAC maturation. Functional analysis of LPS-treated MO long-term cultures showed that the pattern of secretory products released was similar to that of freshly-isolated immature blood MO: compared with mature MAC, LPS-treated MO released high amounts of IL-6 but significantly less TNF-alpha, neopterin, lysozyme and beta-2-microglobulin. At the same time, in LPS-treated MO cultures the MAC maturation-associated molecules alpha-2-macroglobulin and fibronectin could be detected only in trace amounts. The ability to secrete IL-1, however, was lost both in control as well as in LPS-treated MO cultures. The results indicate that endotoxins may influence the biology of the MO/MAC system distinctively: they not only induce a functional activation but also interfere with the ontogeny of this cell family.
...
PMID:Inhibition of in vitro differentiation of human monocytes to macrophages by lipopolysaccharides (LPS): phenotypic and functional analysis. 171 Sep 26

A detailed immunologic study of three cases of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML) was performed to better characterize this rare disorder. One patient had prominent cervical lymphadenopathy that regressed spontaneously, whereas the other two patients had persistent cervical lymphadenopathy and recurrent infections. The first patient was otherwise healthy and had normal immunologic studies. One of the latter patients had a relative increase in blood B cells, a decreased level of serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), decreased blood lymphocyte mitogenic responses to multiple mitogens (37-42% of controls), and cutaneous anergy. The other patient with persistent disease also had a relative increase in blood B cells, polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia, and circulating immune complexes, as well as decreased blood T cells and markedly decreased blood lymphocyte responses to mitogens (12-37% of controls). Immunohistochemical stains of the lymph nodes of the three patients revealed a characteristic phenotype for the sinus histiocytes: S-100 protein, 3/3; CD14 (Leu M3) 3/3; CD11c (Leu M5), 1/1; CD71 (OKT9), 3/3; CD4 (Leu 3a), 2/3; CD1a (OKT6), 1/3; alpha-1-antitrypsin, 3/3; alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, 3/3; CD35 (C3b), 1/1; CD11b (Mo1), 0/3; CD15 (Leu M1), 0/3; HLA-DR, 0/3; and lysozyme, 0/3. This phenotype suggests that the cells of SHML have features of both the Langerhans/interdigitating cell and mononuclear phagocyte lineages. Emperipolesis by the histiocytes of B cells, T cells, and natural killer cells was demonstrated by a double-staining technique. Our findings indicate that patients with SHML may have a variably expressed immunodeficiency that predisposes them to recurrent infections.
...
PMID:Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy: a spectrum of disease associated with immune dysfunction. 171 75

We report the selection and characterization of a U-937 subline which is capable of long-term growth in serum-free medium and can be induced to differentiate. The subline (U-937-1SF) can be maintained in standard RPMI-1640 medium supplemented by antibiotics only. As compared to the serum-dependent U-937 parental cell line, U-937-1SF produced lower amounts of lysozyme and elastase and had a decreased surface expression of complement receptor 1 (CD35) and myeloid antigens CDw17 and CD38. Apart from these alterations, the U-937-1SF cells appear to be morphologically, cytogenetically and phenotypically similar to the parental U-937 clone-1 cells. The capacity of U-937 clone-1 cells to undergo phorbol myristic acid (PMA)-, vitamin D3 (VitD3)- and retinoic-acid (RA)-induced differentiation was retained in the U-937-1SF cells as evidenced by the induced growth arrest, development of a monocyte/macrophage morphology and increased expression of differentiation-associated antigens, e.g. CD11b, CD11c, CD14 and CD18. The growth-inhibitory response to cytokines involved in the activation and differentiation of monocytes, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF, was normal. Our results suggest that the U-937-1SF subline can be used as a serum-free model system for studies on various aspects of monocyte differentiation.
...
PMID:Characterization of a U-937 subline which can be induced to differentiate in serum-free medium. 172 6

Morphological and functional characteristics of a permanent human leukemia cell line (DD) that possesses myelomonocytic features were investigated. The cells bear a second type Fc gamma receptor and form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes sensitized with rabbit IgG (EA). However, the surface-bound EA is not internalized. The cell line lacks the surface markers CD2, CD19, CD14, HLA-DR, Fc gamma receptor I, Fc gamma receptor III, and CR3. alpha 1-Antitrypsin, lysozyme, Factor XIII a subunit of blood coagulation, and acid phosphatase reactions were negative. A terminal differentiation of the DD cell line was observed when the expression of CD14, CR3, Fc gamma receptor I, and Fc gamma receptor III was induced. The DD cells induced with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide can internalize EA via Fc gamma receptor II and complement-coated yeast in the function of the inducers. The phagocytic ability appears to be parallel with the appearance of enzymes which participate in phagocytosis.
...
PMID:Marker profile, enzyme activity, and function of a human myelomonocytic leukemia cell line. 173 17

A 83-year-old man was diagnosed with primary myelofibrosis based on the presence of leukoerythroblastosis, splenomegaly, chromosome 46 XY, a dry tap bone marrow aspiration and fibrosis on bone marrow biopsy, when he was admitted for herpes zoster in June 1987. He was admitted for a second time with multiple subcutaneous tumors over his entire body in July, 1989. He had mild splenomegaly, but no hepatomegaly nor lymphadenopathy. Laboratory tests were as follows: RBC 214 x 10(4)/microliters, Hb 5.1 g/dl, Ht 17.7%, WBC 3,200/microliters with leukoerythroblastosis, platelets 11.6 x 10(4)/microliters, s-lysozyme 251 micrograms/ml, u-lysozyme 770 micrograms/ml, NAP ratio 98%, score 278. Bone marrow aspiration resulted in a dry tap. Bone marrow biopsy showed marked fibrosis. Histologic examination of subcutaneous tumor biopsy specimens revealed a diffuse infiltration of monocytes with flexuous nuclei. These cells were positive for alpha-naphtyl butyrate esterase stain, and negative for peroxidase, alpha-naphtol ASD chloroacetate esterase stain and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa stain (APAAP). Ultrastructurally, these cells were mostly monocytes and promonocytes, while phenotypically, CD11b, CD13, CD14, CD33 and HLA-DR were positive. These date indicated that the subcutaneous tumors originated from monocytes.
...
PMID:[Primary myelofibrosis transforming into multiple subcutaneous monoblastoma--a case report]. 175 57

An immunophenotype was performed on an osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas using a panel of antibodies to epithelial and leukocyte antigens. Several antibodies to cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen were negative in the tumor. Osteoclast-like cells were positive for CD4, CD13, CD45, CD68, CD71, and vimentin, but negative for lysozyme and HLA-DR. Mononuclear tumor cells were positive for CD4, CD11c, CD13, CD14, CD45, CD68, CD71, HLA-DR, and vimentin, but negative for lysozyme. The phenotype is similar to that previously described for giant cell tumor of bone. The osteoclast-like cell phenotype is also similar to that reported for normal osteoclasts. The findings support a nonepithelial origin for osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas, and suggest a derivation similar to giant cell tumor of bone.
...
PMID:Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas: immunophenotypic similarity to giant cell tumor of bone. 186 95

We describe 13 cases of a peculiar lymphoid tumour containing very large numbers of reactive histiocytes. The tumours occurred in young patients (mean age 14.8 y) who presented with systemic symptoms and superficial lymphadenopathy. Microscopic examination revealed a diffuse effacement of lymph node structure due to the presence of histiocytes intermingled with a variable number of anaplastic large lymphoid cells. The latter, in some cases, were isolated, while in others they were arranged in clusters or were diffusely present in residual sinuses. The large anaplastic cells expressed the activation markers CD30 (Ki-1), CD25 (interleukin-2 receptor), CD70 (Ki-24) and Ki-27, as well as varying combinations of T-associated molecules. The histiocytes expressed lysozyme and the CD11b (C3bi-R), CD11c (p150, 95) CD14, CD68 (KPI) and Ber-Mac3 antigens. Double staining with the antibody Ki-67 demonstrated that the proliferating components were the CD30-positive cells and not the histiocytes. T-cell receptor beta gene rearrangements were shown in three cases tested. The patients responded well to aggressive chemotherapy and nine are still alive, eight in complete remission. It is suggested that the tumour represents a well-defined clinico-pathological entity originating from activated T-lymphocytes.
...
PMID:Lymphohistiocytic T-cell lymphoma (anaplastic large cell lymphoma CD30+/Ki-1 + with a high content of reactive histiocytes). 216 51

Two Hodgkin's Reed-Sternberg cell (H-RS) lines, HDLM-1 and KM-H2, have phenotypes and functional properties very similar to those of H-RS cells in tissues. These two types of cells were induced to differentiate with a combination of phorbol ester, retinoic acid, and extracellular matrix. The induced cells displayed the morphology of histiocytes or histiocytelike cells, with a small, round or oval, eccentric nucleus and abundant cytoplasm. In ultrastructural studies, many cytoplasmic projections and rugae were observed. These induced cells exhibited abundant cytoplasmic lysosomal enzymes, such as esterase, acid phosphatase, alpha 1-antitrypsin, or lysozyme. The histiocytic nature of these induced cells was further confirmed by the increased expression of many monocyte/histiocyte markers, including CD11b, CD11c, CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33, CD68, Mac387, and 1E9. In functional tests, the induced cells were shown to produce interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and/or prostaglandin E2. Phagocytosis was detected in less than 5% to 10% of the cells when Candida albicans was added to cultures. The results strongly suggest that H-RS cells are related to cells of histiocyte lineage.
...
PMID:Cultured Reed-Sternberg cells HDLM-1 and KM-H2 can be induced to become histiocytelike cells. H-RS cells are not derived from lymphocytes. 216 11

Leukaemic promyelocytes from 30 cases of hypergranular and 14 cases of hypogranular acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3) were analysed for the presence of monocyte-associated characteristics to determine whether there was any evidence of mixed (hybrid) granulocytic-monocytic differentiation. Cytochemically, a high proportion of hypergranular cases showed significant alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining and simultaneous chloroacetate esterase, and ANAE expression by single cells was commonly seen. These atypical staining patterns were, however, not a feature of hypogranular cases. Immunophenotypic studies revealed that most hypergranular M3 cases were HLA-DR- and that monocyte-associated membrane CD14 expression was low in all cases tested. In addition, serum lysozyme concentrations (20 cases) were generally within the normal range and thus inconsistent with monocytic involvement in the leukaemic process. The significance of atypical ANAE staining of leukaemic promyelocytes was further examined by analysing ANAE isoenzyme components (defined by isoelectric focusing) in 11 cases. The patterns obtained (G1 and G2) were identical to those found in normal granulocytes and did not show any evidence of monocyte-associated esterase isoenzyme expression. On the basis of these findings, it is considered that the differentiation process in acute promyelocytic leukaemia is relatively well conserved and that the atypical esterase cytochemistry of hypergranular promyelocytes does not reflect their mixed lineage nature but is simply a consequence of increased granulation.
...
PMID:Immunophenotypic and enzymatic studies do not support the concept of mixed monocytic-granulocytic differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3): a study of 44 cases. 265 8

The expression of macrophage antigens KP1, Mac, lysozyme, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin was investigated on routine paraffin sections from 17 cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (LCH). All the major clinical forms were represented, including single lesions and monosystemic and multisystemic disease. In all the cases, a variable fraction (3-35%) of LCH cells was immunoreactive with KP1 and anti-Mac; the staining pattern was quite typical because the immunoreaction product was often confined to the perinuclear space and the Golgi area. LCH cells containing lysozyme and AACT were detected less frequently; however, in positive cases the percentage of LCH cells immunoreactive for lysozyme and AACT was in the same range as that of KP1-positive cells. On immunostained cytosmears (one case), about 10% of the CD1a-positive cell population was reactive for the macrophage antigens CD14 and PAM-1. No association was noted between the number of KP1-positive cells and the clinical form and/or anatomic site of the lesion. Phagocytic macrophages were significantly and diffusely immunoreactive with KP1 and anti-Mac and for AACT and lysozyme. Multinucleated giant cells with irregular nuclei were frequently observed; these cells were rarely S-100 positive, were consistently stained by KP1 and AACT, and were occasionally anti-Mac positive. The authors' findings suggest that antimacrophage monoclonals, in conjunction with S-100 protein, may represent a useful tool to establish the diagnosis of LCH in paraffin-embedded material.
...
PMID:Expression of macrophage-associated antigens in tissues involved by Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (histiocytosis X). 278 88


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>

---