Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cloned complementary DNAs encoding chicken ovalbumin, chicken prelysozyme and calf preprochymosin, prochymosin and chymosin were inserted downstream from various viral promoters in modified recombinant "shuttle" vectors. Microinjection of the ovalbumin, prelysozyme and preprochymosin constructs into the nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes resulted in the synthesis, segregation in membranes and secretion into the extracellular medium of ovalbumin, lysozyme and prochymosin, respectively. Judging from molecular weight estimations, lysozyme and prochymosin were correctly proteolytically processed while ovalbumin, which lacks a cleavable signal sequence, was glycosylated. Injection of the DNA construct encoding prochymosin without its signal sequence resulted in synthesis of prochymosin protein that was localized exclusively in the oocyte cytoplasm. No immunospecific protein was detected after injection of the DNA encoding mature chymosin. In terms of protein expression in oocytes, the Herpes simplex thymidine kinase (TK) promoter was up to sevenfold more effective than the simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter, and equally as effective as the Moloney murine sarcoma virus long terminal repeat element. Where tested, protein expression in oocytes was much reduced if DNA sequences encoding the SV40 small t intron and its flanking sequences were present in the constructs. S1 nuclease mapping of transcripts produced after injection of DNAs containing the TK promoter indicated that the majority of transcripts initiated at, or within, two bases of the known "cap" site. However, minor transcripts initiating upstream from this site were observed and one (or more) of these transcripts was responsible for the synthesis of an ovalbumin polypeptide containing a 51 amino acid N-terminal extension. This extended protein remained in the oocyte cytosol. When ovalbumin cDNA was inserted into the vectors with opposite polarity to the viral promoter, expression in oocytes resulted in the predominant synthesis and secretion of a variant ovalbumin with a 21 amino acid N-terminal extension, although some full-length ovalbumin was also synthesized and secreted. S1 mapping revealed the presence, in these oocytes, of transcripts of predicted polarity initiating 118 bases upstream from the wild type ovalbumin initiator ATG, at a previously unreported SV40 "promoter". No protein synthesis was detected after the injection of these reverse-orientation constructs into baby hamster kidney (BHK-21) cells.
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PMID:Efficient expression of cloned complementary DNAs for secretory proteins after injection into Xenopus oocytes. 609 86

Large-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (T- and B-immunoblastic, centroblastic and true histiocytic lymphomas) have a heterogeneous clinical course. In the present study the clinical and morphological data of 20 cases of histiocytic sarcoma (true histiocytic lymphoma) are presented. Diagnosis was supported by immunohistochemistry, cytochemistry, rosette assays and/or electron microscopy. Although the follow-up was relatively short (up to 144 months, mean 26 months), the clinical data differed clearly from the series of large-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, recorded in the literature. Differences were found in age distribution with a peak in the third decade, in organ involvement showing a preference for skin, gastrointestinal tract and bone, and in response to therapy. In general, histiocytic sarcoma appears to have a more favourable response to therapy and clinical course than the other large-cell lymphomas (T- and B-immunoblastic and centroblastic lymphomas). Moreover, preliminary observations in the group of histiocytic sarcomas suggested that the presence of lysozyme and/or 5-nucleotidase and the absence of alpha 1-antitrypsin in the cytoplasm is associated with a better response to therapy and favourable clinical course.
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PMID:Histiocytic sarcoma (true histiocytic lymphoma): a clinicopathological study of 20 cases. 632 97

Four patients in whom a diagnosis of acute monocytic leukaemia (M5) was subsequently made presented with extramedullary disease clinically resembling lymphoma. In all patients histological sections were initially misinterpreted as showing malignant lymphoma or anaplastic carcinoma. The diagnosis of M5 leukaemia was subsequently made on the basis of morphological and cytochemical studies of peripheral blood and bone marrow. The histological diagnosis of the soft tissue lesions of M5 leukaemia (monocytic sarcoma) is difficult, although features such as abundant cytoplasm and the presence of some reniform nuclei are helpful. If there is no peripheral blood or bone marrow involvement and only fixed paraffin-embedded tissues are available, demonstration of lysozyme by an immunoperoxidase technique may confirm the diagnosis but results are not invariably positive. An early diagnosis of M5 leukaemia has therapeutic implications since the disease evolves through a progressive leukaemia phase and systemic therapy is essential.
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PMID:Lymphoma-like presentation of acute monocytic leukaemia. 657 36

An unusual case of granulocytic sarcoma in a 23-year-old man is reported. The patient initially presented with mediastinal tumor and was diagnosed clinically as having thymoma. The patient was treated by radiotherapy and surgical removal of the tumor. Histology of the excised tumor had been nondiagnostic because of extensive fibrous changes. Eight months later, the patient developed pleural effusion on the right, which soon was followed by blood and bone marrow pictures consistent with acute promyelocytic leukemia. In vitro culture of pleural effusion cells unexpectedly gave rise to a continuously growing peroxidase-positive myeloid cell line. Autopsy revealed the recurrent mediastinal tumor to be positive for intracytoplasmic naphthol AS-D chloroacetate esterase and lysozyme activity. From these findings, the patient retrospectively was diagnosed as having mediastinal granulocytic sarcoma, which terminated in pleural effusion and acute promyelocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as a mediastinal tumor. Report of a case and cytological and cytochemical studies of tumor cells in vivo and in vitro. 659 28

A patient with aleukemic leukemia of the acute granulocytic type, who initially had granulocytic sarcoma of the skin, is described. The skin contained focal infiltrates of pleomorphic mononuclear cells that were identified as granulocytes by demonstration of intracytoplasmic naphthol-ASD-chloroacetate esterase and lysozyme.
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PMID:Granulocytic sarcoma of the skin. 693 Sep 36

Effects of lysozyme (LY) on immuno-responses were examined. Tumor-bearing mice were used on most of experiments and normal mice on several cases of experiments. Cytostatic activity on the Peyer's patch cells in Meth-A bearing Balb/c mice was enhanced at 6 to 12 hrs after oral administration of LY. Furthermore, LY showed to recover from the decline of blastogenic activity, which was observed on the lymph node cells and the spleen cells of tumor-bearing mice, at 8 and 14 days after tumor inoculation. In the normal ICR mice, it was not observed that LY increased the foot-pad reaction against the sheep red blood cells (SRBC). On the other hand, the decrease of the foot-pad reaction, which was observed in the tumor bearing mice at 20 days after Sarcoma-180 (S-180) inoculation, was recovered by the administration of LY. A decrease of the number of plaque-forming cells (PFC) against SRBC which was induced with tumor inoculation in the spleen cells was not observed at 20 days after S-180 inoculation, but LY caused a significant increase of PFC response in spleens on both of normal and tumor bearing mice. From these results, it was suggested that potentiation of systemic immuno-response derived from the activation of Peyer's patches brought about antitumor effects of LY.
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PMID:[Experimental studies on antitumor effects of lysozyme-II. Effect of lysozyme on immunopotentiation]. 718 77

Effects of lysozyme(LY) alone and combination with various antitumor agents were examined using syngeneic tumors mainly Meth-A and MH 134 transplanted into Balb/c and C3H/He mice, respectively. The effects of LY on pulmonary metastases were also examined in BDF1 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL). LY inhibited the growth of Meth-A tumor and enhanced antitumor effects of mitomycin C (MMC). bleomycin (BLM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), LY activated antitumor effects of MMC, BLM and 5-FU on MH 134 tumor, however, LY alone did not show any significant antitumor effect on it. The combination treatments using LY with MMC or 5-FU showed a marked inhibition on pulmonary metastases of 3LL. The pre-treatment of LY inhibited the tumor growth of Sarcoma-180 in ICR mice.
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PMID:[Experimental studies on antitumor effects of lysozyme]. 718 34

Ten tumors of true histiocytic origin (Histiocytic Sarcoma) are presented. The tumor cells were identified as histiocytes by immunological, cytochemical and ultrastructural criteria (cytoplasmic lysozyme activity, presence of C3 and Fc gamma receptor, strong acid phosphatase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase activity, presence of lysosomes, absence of cell junctions and evidence of phagocytosis). The tumors identified in this way showed the following histological characteristics: diffuse proliferation of large tumor cells with ample cytoplasm, containing granular or occasionally diffuse diastase resistant PAS positive material, erythrophagocytosis, and haemosiderin pigment. The large or enormous nuclei were irregular, with occasional deep indentations, sharply defined nuclear membrane, coarse chromatin and conspicuous nucleoli. Despite the uniformity of these criteria differences in presence of alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and 5 Nucleotidase activity and the number of lysosomes in the cytoplasm were found. The findings are suggestive of a spectrum of cytological in these Histiocytic Sarcomas. The clinical picture ranged from monolocalization in a lymphoid organ to that of a diffuse Malignant Histiocytosis. The relationship between good response to therapy and complete remission and the absence of alpha 1-antitrypsin and a high number of lysosomes is discussed.
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PMID:Malignant lymphoma of true histiocytic origin: histiocytic sarcoma. A morphological, ultrastructural, immunological, cytochemical and clinical study of 10 cases. 728 92

The diagnosis of primitive hematologic malignancies in extramedullary sites (lymphoblastic lymphoma of T- or B-cell type and myeloid sarcoma) on paraffin-embedded tissue sections is difficult and often impossible because of the primitive morphology of the neoplastic cells. The authors studied 21 extramedullary tumors of lymphoid or myeloid blasts. They used a panel of 22 antibodies on frozen sections and 9 antibodies on paraffin sections to determine the spectrum of immunophenotypes and to develop a practical panel for diagnosis. All but two of the cases could be classified as lymphoid or myeloid using immunohistologic analysis. Thirteen cases were classified as lymphoblastic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LBL/ALL); 10 were classified as precursor T (CD7+, CD3+/-, CD45+) and 3 as precursor B-cell (CD19+/-CD10+CD45-) type. Five cases were classified as myeloid sarcoma (CD13+ myeloperoxidase+, lysozyme+). Two LBL/ALL coexpressed either CD33 (1 case) or CD15 (1 case), and one myeloid sarcoma coexpressed TdT and CD7. One case appeared to be truly mixed lineage, coexpressing CD3 with myeloperoxidase and lysozyme, and two cases expressed no lineage-specific antigens. There were clinical differences between the three major tumor types, and within the category of T-precursor LBL/ALL, classification according to stage of thymocyte differentiation was associated with distinctive clinical features. In conclusion, the spectrum of immunophenotypes detected on frozen section was similar to that reported by flow cytometry on peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens. The most useful antigens on frozen sections were CD7 and CD3 (T cell), CD10 and CD19 (B cell), and CD13 (myeloid). TdT was coexpressed by one myeloid sarcoma and was undetectable in 40% of LBL/ALL. On paraffin sections, myeloperoxidase and lysozyme were reliable markers of myeloid lineage, but none of the markers used on paraffin sections distinguished between LBL/ALL of T- and B-precursor types. Both B-LBL/ALL and myeloid sarcomas were often CD45- on paraffin sections, which may be a obstacle in determining the diagnosis. These distinctions appear to have clinical relevance.
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PMID:Extramedullary tumors of lymphoid or myeloid blasts. The role of immunohistology in diagnosis and classification. 757 94

This study investigated the intracellular distribution of lysozyme, a protein that is synthesized and secreted by rat alveolar type II epithelial (ATII) cells and alveolar macrophages, using a polyclonal antibody generated against purified rat lysozyme. Lysozyme was immunoprecipitated with this antibody from Triton X-100 lysates of ATII cells cultured on a basement membrane derived from Englebreth-Holme-Swarm mouse sarcoma (EHS) and radiolabeled with 35S-methionine. ATII cells cultured on EHS basement membrane for several days were fixed and labeled with antibodies to surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) and lgp-120 (a lysosomal glycoprotein), or lysozyme and lgp-120, and studied by confocal microscopy. Organelles were identified that stained positively for either anti-lysozyme or anti-lgp-120; a second population of organelles contained both markers. Similarly, two populations of SP-A-containing organelles were identified; one contained the lysosomal glycoprotein lgp-120. In addition, confocal images demonstrated that both SP-A and lysozyme were secreted by ATII cells, as evidenced by the accumulation of secretory products within the lumen of the cyst-like aggregates. When the subcellular localization of SP-A and lysozyme was studied by analytical cell fractionation, two populations of organelles were identified that contained SP-A or lysozyme. The lighter population accounted for approximately 32% of SP-A and 33% of total intracellular lysozyme and was recovered in the same region of the gradient as secretory lamellar bodies. The more dense population co-localized with lysosomes and accounted for approximately 67% of both SP-A and lysozyme recovered. Western blots of cell fractions revealed intact lysozyme in all the cell fractions. The results of these experiments suggest that lysozyme has a similar intracellular distribution as surfactant apoprotein A in ATII cells. Lysozyme is found in fractions containing lamellar bodies where it is packaged for secretion, and in lysosomal fractions where it may undergo degradation.
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PMID:Intracellular distribution of lysozyme in rat alveolar type II epithelial cells. 788 8


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