Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Radioactive selenite reacts with purified human and goat immunoglobulins at acidic and neutral pH. The antigenic properties of the immunoglobulins are retained during the selenium labelling as shown by immunoelectrophoresis and autoradiography. Pepsin digests of 75Se-labelled IgG possess 75Se both in the (Fab')2 fraction and in the low molecular weight peptides derived from the Fc domains. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, ribonuclease, and lysozyme are also labelled by this procedure. Enhancement of 75Se incorporation by urea, guanidinium chloride, mercaptoethanol, sodium sulfite and carrier selenite is interpreted as an effect of destabilization of IgG disulfide bonds. Up to 1.4 g atoms Se per mol IgG have been incorporated. We assume that selenite is cleaving disulfides by a process akin to sulfitolysis. The lability of the isolated 75Se-labelled IgG to high concentrations of mercaptans and sulfite is consistent with this idea. These 75Se-labelled proteins may be useful in structure studies and radioimmunoassay.
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PMID:Reaction of selenium with immunoglobulin molecules. 1 84

The levels of haptoglobin, alpha1 antitrypsin and alpha1 acid glycoprotein are moderately raised in chronic leukaemias. In CGL the level of haptoglobin and acid glycoprotein show the highest correlation with cell number, whilst no such correlations occur in CLL or CMML. There does not appear to be a relation between blood lysozyme levels and the levels of antiprotease (alpha1 antitrypsin and alpha2 macroglobulin).
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PMID:Acute phase reactant proteins in chronic leukaemia. 7 70

The binding of ShigeUa dysenteriae 1 cytotoxin to HeLa cells in culture and to isolated rat liver cell membranes was studied by means of an indirect consumption assay of toxicity from the medium, or by determination of cytotoxicity to the HeLa cell monolayer. Both liver cell membranes and HeLa cells removed toxicity from the medium during incubation, in contrast to WI-38 and Y-1 mouse adrenal tumor cells, both of which neither bound nor were affected by the toxin. Uptake of toxin was directly related to concentration of membranes added, time,and temperature, and indirectly related to the ionic strength of the buffer used. The chemical nature of the membrane receptor was characterized by using three principal approaches: (a) enzymatic sensitivity; (b) competitive inhibition and (c) receptor blockade studies. The receptor was destroyed by proteolytic enzymes, phospholipases (which markedly altered the gross appearance of the membrane preparation) and by lysozyme, but not by a variety of other enzymes. Of 28 carbohydrate and glycoprotein haptens studied, including cholera toxin and ganglioside, only the chitin oligosaccharide lysozyme substrates, per N-acetylated chitotriose, chitotetraose, and chitopentaose were effective competitive inhibitors. Greatest inhibition was found with the trimer, N, N', N" triacetyl chitotriose. Of three lectins studied as possible receptor blockers, including phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and wheat germ agglutinin, only the latter, which is known to possess specific binding affinity for N, N', N" triacetyl chitotriose, was able to block toxin uptake. Evidence from all three approaches indicate, therefore, existence of a glycoprotein toxin receptor on mammalian cells, with involvement of oligomeric beta1{arrow}4-1inked N-acetyl glucosamine in the receptor. This receptor is clearly distinct from the G(M1) ganglioside thought to be involved in the binding of cholera toxin to the cell membrane of a variety of cell types susceptible to its action.
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PMID:Pathogenesis of Shigella diarrhea. VII. Evidence for a cell membrane toxin receptor involving beta1 leads to 4-linked N-acetyl-D-glucosamine oligomers. 32 17

Eleven male subjects took part in a 100 km running competition. Alterations in the total plasma protein and in ten individual plasma protein concentrations in blood and urine were measured prior to the run, immediately after and after 1 day of recovery. Five individual proteins showed a 7-10%, and lysozyme a 40%, increase in the plasma after the run. On the contrary, the haptoglobin concentration fell to 40% of its pre-race level. None of these variations were correlated with the plasma volume change. The present data showed a moderate hemolysis, as evidenced by plasma lysozyme and hemoglobin-haptoglobin binding. The urinary excretion of plasma proteins was slightly increased, especially albumin and alpha1-acid-glycoprotein. The renal clearance of plasma proteins revealed that the 100 km run induced a moderate increase of glomerular permeability without any signficant change in the tubular reabsorption process.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in a 100 km run: proteins in serum and urine. 42 76

Two commonly used brands of reagent strip (dipsticks) were evlauated for their sensitivity to Bence-Jones and seven other urinary proteins. Both brands showed significant differences in sensitivity to albumin, glycoprotein, ribonuclease and lysozyme; both were most sensitive to albumin and least sensitive to globulin. Furthermore, their comparative sensitivities to these proteins also differed markedly. These differences in sensitivity could lead to underestimation of protein content in urine specimens. Tests on urines from patients with multiple myeloma showed that a negative urinary dipstick test result did not rule out the presence of the disease.
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PMID:Sensitivity of in vitro diagnostic dipstick tests to urinary protein. 64 3

Baseline rates for secretion of mucous glycoprotein were similar similar (680--830 microgram/g tissue/24 hour) for cultured tracheal epithelium from newborns of 26--32 weeks' gestation, full term newborns, and older children. Addition of methacholine to culture medium augmented secretory rates of glycoprotein from all tissue sources 3--5 fold. The overall composition of secreted mucous glycoproteins changed little with increasing age. A trend toward less sulfation and toward increased sialic acid and fucose content was noted in secreted glycoproteins from explants of older subjects. Histochemical observations of stored glycoprotein in tracheal tissue, which was subsequently used for organ culture experiments, confirmed that a modest, but consistent sulfate to sialic acid shift occurs during early life. In contrast, baseline secretory rates for lysozyme from tracheal epithelium of preterm infants were one-half as large as rates from epithelium of full term babies and were refractory to cholinergic stimulation. Stimulation of lysozyme secretion by a cholinergic agonist was achieved in all cases by 40 weeks' gestation. We conclude that basal glycoprotein secretion and the mechanism for glycoprotein response to cholinergic stimulation have developed by the earliest age of viability, but that lysozyme secretion is deficient and is unresponsive to cholinergic stimulation in tracheal tissue from preterm newborns.
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PMID:Human tracheobronchial secretions: development of mucous glycoprotein and lysozyme-secreting systems. 90 85

A gradient was developed for isoelectric focusing in the pH range 2-5. Cobalophilin (earlier called R proteins or vitamin B12-binding proteins of R-type) was isolated from saliva and amniotic fluid in homogeneous form. It was found to be a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 59,300-69,100. The preparation from amniotic fluid contained 33% carbohydrate. Cobalophilin variants in plasma, serum, granulocytes, platelets, amniotic fluid, milk, saliva and gastric juice were characterized by isoelectric focusing. Most fluids and cells contained the same isoproteins, with pI values between 2.3 and 5.0. Isoproteins of presumably myelogenic origin (e.g. those in granulocytes and plasma) had pI values below 4.2, whereas those of glandular origin (in milk and saliva) had a pI range of 4.0-5.0. Serum contained more cobalophilin than plasma, owing to release of this protein from granulocytes during clotting. This phenomenon also changed the isoprotein pattern. Plasma and serum from newborn infants and from patients with leucocytosis, polycythaemia vera and chronic myelogenous leukaemia contained the same isoproteins as were found in plasma from healthy subjects. In addition to these, isoproteins with lower than 'normal' pI values were often found in chronic myelogenous leukaemia and occasionally in leucocytosis. It is concluded that cobalophilin from different fluids and cells is a single microheterogeneous protein with a variable carbohydrate composition. The distribution of cobalophilin in different body fluids and cells supports the suggestion that cobalophilin is an antimicrobial protein (Gullberg 1972) like lactoferrin and lysozyme.
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PMID:Vitamin B12-binding proteins of r-type, cobalophilin. 105 22

Multilocular renal cyst is an uncommon lesion of uncertain pathogenesis seen in children and adults. We report the immunohistochemical and lectin-binding profiles of three MRC occurring in adults. All cases had strong and uniform cytoplasmic staining of lining epithelial cells for keratin and binding sites for arachis hypogaea lectin, similar to that seen for the distal convoluted tubules or collecting ducts in normal kidney. However, we found variable expression of other distal nephron markers, including epithelial membrane antigen and Ber-EP4. Furthermore, lining cells in some lesions coexpressed proximal nephron markers such as alpha-1-antitrypsin and lysozyme, as well as binding sites for lotus tetragonolobus lectin. Immunostaining for type IV (basement membrane) collagen demonstrated a continuous subepithelial basement membrane zone and basal laminae surrounding desmin-positive stromal cells. Areas of active collagen synthesis and stromal procollagen deposition were visualized within the interlocular septae using a monoclonal antibody to type I procollagen. Significant proliferative activity was not detected in the lining epithelium or stroma using the anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen. In conclusion, MRC show aberrant tubular epithelial glycoprotein and glycoconjugate expression, low proliferative activity, and associated activation of interlocular stromal cells.
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PMID:Multilocular renal cyst. Immunohistochemical and lectin-binding study. 137 21

In 156 men, 46 non-smokers, 47 smokers, 19 non-smokers exposed to organic solvents and 41 smokers exposed also to solvents the levels of immunoglobulins, lysozyme, C3c, C4, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, coeruloplasmin and haptoglobins were determined in serum, besides that the counts of circulating T, B and non-T non-B lymphocytes were calculated. A synergistic depressing effect of cigarette smoke and organic solvents was found on certain immunity parameters. This depression was manifested also as changes in the concentrations of IgA, IgD, IgG, lysozyme and T-lymphocyte subpopulations.
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PMID:[Effect of smoking on the indicators of immunity and the acute-phase reaction in persons professionally exposed to solvents]. 145 56

Patients who suffer from familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy frequently complain of mouth dryness and an increased need for dental treatment. The aim of the present investigation was to study saliva secretion rate and composition and other factors related to the risk of dental caries in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Thirty patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy volunteered for the study and were compared with a matched control group. Samples of unstimulated and stimulated whole saliva were collected in a standardized manner. The secretion rates were calculated, and the concentrations of electrolytes, glycoprotein markers, and proteins with antibacterial properties were analyzed. Dental caries and variables related to the risk of dental caries were also scored. The results show that familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients frequently have a decreased rate of saliva secretion and that the degree of salivary hypofunction is positively correlated to the progress of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. Forty-three percent of the familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients in this study had no detectable secretion of unstimulated saliva. A low secretion rate of stimulated saliva (< 0.7 ml/min) was found in 33% of the patients. The concentrations of salivary protein, amylase, lysozyme, salivary peroxidase, secretory IgA, hexosamines, sialic acid, fucose, phosphate, potassium, and the degree of protein glycosylation were higher in the familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients than in the control patients. We conclude that patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy have a reduced saliva secretion and are subsequently at risk for increased development of dental caries.
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PMID:Salivary hypofunction in patients with familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy. 148 30


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