Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Host responses to infectious organisms should be modulated so that tissue-damaging products of inflammatory cells do not produce excessive destruction of normal tissue. Lysozyme, which is continuously secreted by monocytes, which, in turn, migrate relatively late to inflammatory areas, was found to significantly dampen several responses of neutrophils to inflammatory stimulants. Thus, human lysozyme obtained and purified from the urine of patients with monocytic leukemia (but not its structurally similar and comparably cationic analogue, eggwhite lysozyme) depresses chemotaxis of normal neutrophils to activated complement, bacterial supernate, and N-formylmethionyl-phenylalanine. In addition, human (but not eggwhite) lysozyme depresses oxidative metabolism (hexose monophosphate shunt activity) and superoxide generation of neutrophils. The specificity of the suppressive effects was indicated by inhibition studies with rabbit antihuman lysozyme antibody, and with the trisaccharide of N-acetylglucosamine, a specific inhibitor of lysozyme. The results suggest that lysozyme, a product of inflammatory cells themselves, may function in a negative feedback system to modulate the inflammatory response.
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PMID:Modulation of neutrophil function by lysozyme. Potential negative feedback system of inflammation. 22 43

Electrophoresis of lysozyme into agarose gel containing Micrococcus lysodeikticus causes lysis of the microorganism, allowing the development of two methods, one for quantitation ("lyso-rocket electrophoresis") and the other for electrophoretic characterization ("crossed lyso-electrophoresis") of lysozyme. The lyso-rocket technique provides an alternative to the method currently used for quantitative assay. By the use of crossed lyso-electrophoresis we have provided evidence, for the first time, of the electrophoretic heterogeneity of urinary lysozyme from patients with monocytic leukemia. We halve also documented the influence of concentration on the electrophoretic mobility of lysozyme.
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PMID:Electrophoresis of lysozyme into Microscoccus-containing agarose gel: quantitative and analytical applications. 26 97

A method of two-dimensional electrophoresis has been devised to allow the study of the electrophoretic mobility of urinary lysozyme. Three different phenotypes have been defined in a study of thirteen purified lysozymes obtained from different patients with monocytic leukemia.
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PMID:Urinary lysozyme phenotypes in monocytic leukemia. 26 45

The authors report on 16 cases of either subacute (SMML) or chronic (CMML) myelomonocytic leukemia as well as chronic monocytic leukemia (CMoL). All these cases were oligoblastic and, according to their clinical course, they could be termed as smouldering leukemias. The chronic types affected mainly males. The diagnostic cytomorphological and cytochemical criteria are discussed. Erythro- and thrombocytopoiesis were distinctly less impaired than in acute leukemias (AL). The leucocyte count in the peripheral blood of the SMML cases was within the normal range. Hepato- and splenomegaly were markedly increased as compared to AL. According to our materials leukemic skin infiltrations were less frequent in CMoL, CMML and SMML than in acute monocytic leukemias. In each of the three types of leukemia discussed monocytic leukemic cells could be readily identified by cytochemical tests and usually showed fairly normal maturation. In accordance with these observations lysozyme levels in urine and serum usually were strongly increased. The patients in the CMML and CMoL groups showed a mean survival of more than 13 months (2 out of 7 are still alive), whereas the SMML patients survived an average of 8 months. Deaths were frequently due to advanced age rather than to leukemia. In other cases a terminal accumulation of blasts marked a transition to acute leukemia. During the smouldering phase of the disease no beneficial effect of combined chemotherapy could be noted. Supportive and symptomatic therapy might improve length and quality of survival.
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PMID:[Subacute and chronic monocytic leukemia: diagnostic and clinical problems]. 29 89

We present a radioimmunoassay for lysozyme in human serum, based upon human lysozyme isolated from the urine of leukemic patients and antiserum prepared against this lysozyme in the goat. In the separation step, a second antibody is used. By properly adjusting the concentrations of unlabeled and 125I-labeled lysozyme and of the antibodies, maximal precision (SD, 0.04 mg/litre) was obtained in the range 0.00 to 2.00 mg/litre. In 20 normal volunteers the lysozyme concentration was 4.6 +/- 0.8 mg/litre (mean +/- SD), in 13 patients with monocytic leukemia 34.4 +/- 8.6 mg/litre. Correlation with lysoplate determinations was excellent in leukemic sera (r = 0.97) but was poor in normal sera (r = 0.35), possibly owing to the existence of isoenzymes.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay for urinary lysozyme in human serum from leukemic patients. 71 63

The production of colony-stimulating factor (CSF) by the peripheral blood cells of untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was measured in the agar culture system using normal human bone marrow as the source of colony-forming units (CFUc). CSF production was found to be variable and was related to the morphologic subtype of AML--cells from patients with monocytic leukemia produced normal or large quantities of CSF, while (with one exception) those from patients with myeloblastic leukemia produced little or no CSF. There was a general relationship between CSF production and serum lysozyme levels. Attempts to demonstrate a consistent inhibitory effect exerted by leukemic peripheral blood cells on normal leukopoiesis in vitro were negative. Results instead suggested that the addition to the feeder layer of cells from patients with monocytic leukemia could raise CSF levels above those obtained with normal peripheral blood leukocytes alone, possibly by recruiting additional CFUc from normal marrow.
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PMID:Production of colony-stimulating factor by leukemic leukocytes. 108 79

Monocytic leukemia (MoL) cells were obtained from the peripheral blood of a patient in whom the leukemic cells infiltrating various lymphoreticular organs exhibited features intermediate between interdigitating reticulum cells (IDC) and ordinary phagocytic macrophages, whereas the leukemic cells in the peripheral blood were essentially monocytic and lacked such features. Peripheral blood CD4+ T-cells were established as an interleukin-2-dependent T-cell line. When the MoL cells were exposed for a few days to conditioned medium from the T-cell line, they extended several dendritic cytoplasmic projections and became intensely positive for HLA-DR antigen, cytoplasmic S-100 beta protein, and CD1 antigen. Functionally, the conditioned medium significantly down-regulated Fc-mediated and Fc-independent phagocytic activities, and the levels of lysosomal enzymes such as lysozyme and nonspecific esterase in the MoL cells. Moreover, the conditioned medium significantly up-regulated the accessory cell function of the MoL cells as measured by the primary allogenic mixed leukocyte reaction (MLR). Furthermore, the conditioned medium significantly down-regulated the expression of CD14 antigen. Biochemical analysis indicated that the factor responsible for these changes is a protein which is distinct from known human cytokines and whose molecular weight is approximately 31 kDa. These findings suggest that IDC are closely related the monocytic lineage and that helper T-cells play an important role in constructing the microenvironment of T-lymphoid tissues which is necessary for the differentiation and maturation of IDC.
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PMID:Induction of interdigitating reticulum cell-like differentiation in human monocytic leukemia cells by conditioned medium from IL-2-stimulated helper T-cells. 135 19

Mouse monocytic leukemia Mm cells are a line of spontaneously differentiated cells obtained from mouse myeloblastic leukemia M1 cells. The effect of interleukin 4(IL-4) on the proliferation of Mm cells in the presence or absence of growth inhibitory substances was investigated. In semi-solid agar culture, IL-4 markedly inhibited colony formation by Mm cells, reducing the number of colonies to 50% of that in control cultures at concentration of 3 U/ml. In contrast, IL-4 did not inhibit colony formation by the parent M1 cells. In liquid culture, IL-4 alone inhibited the proliferation of Mm cells only slightly. However, a combination of IL-4 and 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3), which alone did not inhibit growth significantly, markedly inhibited the growth of Mm cells. This combination also increased the lysozyme activity of Mm cells significantly. On the other hand, IL-4 suppressed the antiproliferative effects of interferon alpha, beta and IL-6, which are growth inhibitory cytokines for these Mm cells. These results indicate that IL-4 can modulate the growth of monocytic leukemia Mm cells and that its modulatory effects depend on growth inhibitory substances.
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PMID:Interleukin 4 potentiates the antiproliferative effect of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on mouse monocytic leukemia cells but antagonizes the antiproliferative effects of interferon alpha, beta and interleukin 6. 146 28

The clinical and pathological findings in a patient with monocytic aleukemic leukemia presenting initially as multiple monoblastic tumors of the skin is described. The patient was a 35-year-old Japanese woman, who had first noticed multiple, asymptomatic, reddish-brown papules on her trunk. Asymptomatic enlargements of several lymph nodes were present in the bilateral cervical and axillary areas. There was no hepatosplenomegaly, sternal tenderness, bruising, or bleeding. The skin and lymph node biopsies were originally interpreted as malignant lymphoma. The diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia was established when bone marrow involvement was detected. Immunohistochemical observation of the skin eruptions revealed the following: Positive staining with lysozyme was noted in almost half of the infiltrating atypical cells. Most of the infiltrating cells reacted positively with antisera to Leu-M5 and some of them reacted to Leu-M1. The helper T cell antibody, Leu-3a+3b, showed weak positive staining of most infiltrating cells. However, there were no reactions with antisera to Leu-6, Leu-7, Leu-14, CALLA, OKT 6, OKT 8, OKT 16, OKB 19, OKM 14, beta F1, or delta TCS1. OKM 5-positive keratinocytes were observed in some parts of the upper epidermis, although no OKM 5 expression could be detected on any tumor cells. Cytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy can aid in the diagnosis of monocytic leukemia. This case illustrates the importance of using an expanded panel of monoclonal antisera in certain hematopoietic tumors.
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PMID:Cutaneous involvement as a presenting feature of monocytic leukemia: morphological and immunohistochemical studies. 227 62

A 28-year-old woman developed leukopenia and slight cervical lymphadenopathy. Bone marrow aspiration and special stains established the diagnosis of acute monocytic leukemia. Following chemotherapy a complete hematologic remission was elicited. Seven months later, she consulted an ophthalmologist because of bilateral conjunctival lesions. Ophthalmologic examination showed subconjunctival, perilimbal grayish-pink infiltrates. A conjunctival biopsy disclosed sheets of mononuclear cells consistent with acute monocytic leukemia. Four months later, she developed cutaneous lesions in the face and chest wall. Subsequent biopsies of conjunctiva and skin and immunohistochemical demonstration of muramidase in the tumor cells supported the diagnosis of monocytic leukemia. Electron microscopic studies were particularly valuable and disclosed that more than 80% of the leukemic cells contained two types of cytoplasmic complexes of rough endoplasmic reticulum that displayed both tubular and helical configurations. These complexes differed morphologically from the ribosome-lamellar complexes observed in hairy cell leukemia and other hematologic disorders.
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PMID:Acute monocytic leukemia recurring as bilateral perilimbal infiltrates. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural confirmation. 386 54


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