Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

30 patients on long-term lithium therapy have been studied. The results are presented of the urinary concentrating ability after water deprivation and the intranasal administration of vasopressin, of the simultaneous determination of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), of the minimal urine pH after an oral dose of ammonium chloride, and of the urinary beta-2-microglobulin excretion. Mean urine concentration (+/- SEM) after 22 hr water deprivation (= Uosm) amounted to 854 +/- 22 mOsm/kg H2O, mean GFR was 101 +/- 4 ml/min, mean ERPF 360 +/- 18 ml/min, and mean minimal urine pH 4.95 +/- 0.06. In 8 out of 30 patients there was polyuria. In these 8 patients the values were 778 +/- 51 mOsm/kg H2O, 113 +/- 6 ml/min, 415 +/- 33 ml/min and 4.99 +/- 0.08, respectively. Serum levels of beta-2-microglobulin and lysozyme and the urinary excretion of beta-2-microglobulin were normal in all patients. No correlation was established between Uosm and the serum lithium concentration during the test (0.8 +/- 0.05 mmoles/l) nor between Uosm and the average serum lithium level during treatment (0.79 +/- 0.03). GFR was only correlated with age. It was found that administration of indomethacin during the concentration test increased Uosm in these patients. The results suggest that, given proper dosage and surveillance, long-term treatment with lithium is not likely to cause disturbances in renal function.
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PMID:A renal function study in 30 patients on long-term lithium therapy. 4 7

Human peripheral blood monocytes were maintained in in vitro culture for periods up to 4 months using a non-human serum source. Monocytes were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium buffered with 20 mM HEPES and containing 10% horse serum and 10% foetal calf serum. The metabolic and morphological changes which occur in vitro were investigated using microtitre, Linbro and T 25 cultures. During culture, monocytes increased in size, had increased membrane activity as visualized by SEM, and differentiated into a morphologically heterogeneous population of fusiform and epithelioid shapes. These cell types retained the ability to phagocytose E glut and EA and to rosette with EA and EAC. Larger giant polynucleated cells were also observed during culture; many of these lacked the ability to bind or phagocytose inert or antibody-coated erythrocytes. Increases in lysozyme release and acid phosphatase activity also occurred during culture. Cultured monocytes exhibited characteristic profiles of leucine and uridine uptake with maximal activity observed by 5 days of culture. There was no detectable uptake of thymidine. Detailed analysis of regulatory processes involved in monocyte growth and differentiation could be performed with this in vitro system.
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PMID:Long-term human peripheral blood monocyte cultures: establishment, metabolism and morphology of primary human monocyte-macrophage cell cultures. 38 89

Cytolysis of host cells by pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica can be blocked by specific lysozyme inhibitions and is recently reported to be enhanced by phosphoinositide (PI) signal transduction activation. However the mechanistic relationship between PI second messenger targets and massive lysosomal secretion needed to achieve rapid host cell lysis is unclear. We have previously shown that intracellular alkalinization associated with activated PI hydrolysis produces a massive endocytosis of huge proportions which would force a corresponding exocytosis for the maintenance of overall cell dimensions. These endosomes are processed by primary lysosomes. Apparently then, the massive exocytosis secretory pathway could provide the means for the ejection of lysozymes over target cells. We show here using human Chang liver cells that intracellular alkalinization produced large surface pittings similar to those seen in pathogenic E. histolytica in a rounded state. The SEM profile is correlated with the TEM profile of large endosomes containing extracellular debris and endosomes associated with primary lysosomal vesicles, which could support the notion that some of the pittings seen in the rounded Chang cells and the pathogenic amoebae are exit portals for endosome-lysosomes.
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PMID:Human Chang liver cells show large surface openings and endocytic channels that resemble those in the amoeba. 142 18

As the ultrastructural data on the effects of ozone on pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) are lacking, transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopy were performed on rat PAM present in alveolar lavages following exposure to ozone. Rats were continuously exposed for 7 d to ozone concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 1.50 mg/m3 for 7 d followed by a 5-d recovery period. Additionally, morphometry on lung sections was performed to quantitate PAM. In a second experiment rats were continuously exposed to 1.50 mg O3/m3 for 1, 3, 5, or 7 d. To study the influence of concurrent ozone exposure and lung infection, due to Listeria monocytogenes, rats were exposed for 7 d to 1.50 mg O3/m3 after a Listeria infection. The surface area of lavaged control PAM was uniformly covered with ruffles as shown by SEM and TEM. Exposure to 0.5 mg ozone/m3 for 7 d resulted in cells partly covered with microvilli and blebs in addition to normal ruffles. The number of large size PAM increased with an increase in ozone concentration. After 1 d of exposure, normal-appearing as well as many small macrophages with ruffles and scattered lymphocytes were seen. Lavage samples taken after 5 or 7 d of exposure showed an identical cell composition to that taken after 3 d of exposure. After Listeria infection alone, lavage samples consisted of mainly lymphocytes and some macrophages. Small quantitative changes, such as an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and large-size PAM, occurred in lavages after ozone exposure and infection with L. monocytogenes. Morphometric examination of lung sections revealed a concentration-related increase in the number of PAM, even in animals exposed to 0.25 mg ozone/m3 for 7 d. Centriacinar regions were more severely affected than other regions of lung tissue. By 5 d after termination of exposure to ozone, the number of lysozyme-positive alveolar cells was still significantly increased in centriacinar areas of the lung. The results indicate that ozone exposure causes major changes in the number, size, and surface morphology of PAM in rat lung. Furthermore, the results presented here suggest that changes in alveolar macrophage function are reflected by morphological changes.
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PMID:Surface morphology and morphometry of rat alveolar macrophages after ozone exposure. 221 22

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity was found in the sera and synovial fluids (SF) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). PLA2 activity in RA SF was 6158 +/- 549 (SEM) U/ml (n = 48) and in RA sera 554 +/- 175 U/ml (normal sera-115 +/- 12 U/ml). In OA SF PLA2 activity was 5069 +/- 542 U/ml (n = 28), and in OA sera 268 +/- 55 U/ml. There was no significant difference between SF PLA2 activity in RA and OA. PLA2 activity in SF did not correlate with muramidase (lysozyme), beta-glucuronidase, total protein or white cell count, which were all significantly higher in RA SF than OA. A positive correlation between PLA2 in SF and matched sera was found in both RA and OA. It may be concluded that significant elevation of extracellular PLA2 occurs in both RA and OA, especially in the SF. The fact that high PLA2 did not correlate with other enzymes such as lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase, which are usually high in RA and low in OA SF, may mean that the handling of PLA2 in the joint space is different from other enzymes.
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PMID:Phospholipase A2 activity in sera and synovial fluids in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Its possible role as a proinflammatory enzyme. 403

Generation of oxygen metabolites is an important component of the neutrophil's armamentarium against microbes. Production of superoxide anion (O2-) and generation of hydroxyl radical (OH) were measured in neutrophils from cord blood of 12 vaginally delivered, term newborn infants and 12 adults after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and opsonized zymosan. With either stimulus, generation of OH was relatively less than production of O2- for all infants studied. This discrepancy might be related to abnormal release or diminished cell content of a cofactor necessary for production of OH from O2-. Since both lactoferrin (LF) found in specific granules and myeloperoxidase (MPO) found in azurophilic granules have been shown to enhance OH generation, we compared degranulation of both granule types in response to PMA and opsonized zymosan and total neutrophil content of MPO, LF, and lysozyme in cord blood and adult neutrophils. Degranulation, even after pretreatment with cytochalasin B, was the same for newborn and adult neutrophils. Content of MPO was identical (adult, 204 +/- 24 A units, mean +/- SEM, n = 9; newborn, 201 +/- 21, n = 9) but lysozyme was mildly diminished (adults, 111 +/- 10 A units; newborn, 89 +/- 6, n = 9, p less than 0.05), and lactoferrin was moderately decreased (adult, 89.0 +/- 7.3 micrograms/mg cell protein, n = 11; newborn, 43.2 +/- 7.0, n = 11, p less than 0.005). Generation of OH in response to PMA and LF content were measured in seven cord blood-adult control pairs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Oxidative metabolism of cord blood neutrophils: relationship to content and degranulation of cytoplasmic granules. 609 99

Activities of the neutrophil granule-associated proteins beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme and vitamin B12 binding protein were measured, serially, in the cells and serum of 10 patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. The neutrophil leucocytosis which followed total abdominal hysterectomy was accompanied by a fall in the intraneutrophilic activities of all three granule-associated proteins. Intraneutrophilic lysozyme activity and intraneutrophilic vitamin B12 binding capacity were maximally reduced within 4 h of surgery and fell to 62 +/- 13% (mean +/- SEM) and 63 +/- 9% of their preoperative levels, respectively. This contrasted with the activity of intraneutrophilic beta-glucuronidase which was not maximally reduced until 24 h post-surgery when a fall to 80 +/- 6% of the preoperative level was observed. By the fifth postoperative day activities of the three intraneutrophilic granule proteins were increasing and approaching those observed preoperatively. Serum lysozyme and plasma unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC) rose steadily following surgery and were significantly elevated by the fifth postoperative day. It is suggested that activation and in vivo degranulation of circulating neutrophils may be responsible for these changes in activity of neutrophil granule proteins following surgery.
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PMID:The effects of surgery on the activity of neutrophil granule proteins. 684 26

Quantitative analysis of lysozyme- and CD68-positive Kupffer cells was carried out in connection with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in non-human primates. The number of Kupffer cells/mm2 was determined in 28 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and seven age-matched controls. The Kupffer cell counts (mean +/-SEM) gradually decreased in the following order, irrespective of the histochemical markers (lysozyme or CD 68) used: healthy control liver (101.7 +/- 13.5 and 103.2 +/- 11.9 respectively), non-cirrhotic and non-neoplastic host liver (54.3 +/- 13.6 and 50.5 +/- 15.4), cirrhotic host liver (26.2 +/- 8.2 and 27.2 +/- 3.3), HCC tissue (20.7 +/- 4.4 and 19.3 +/- 4.1) and metastatic foci in the lung (9.8 +/- 1.8 and 9.7 +/- 2.8). The difference between the normal liver and the non-neoplastic, non-cirrhotic portions of the HCC-bearing liver was significant (P < 0.05). A highly significant difference was found between the number of Kupffer cells found in healthy control or non-neoplastic liver and those found in HCC nodules (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0005 respectively). The results obtained by hematoxylin and eosin staining and lysozyme/CD68 immunohistochemistry were highly similar, indicating that this decrease was attributable primarily to numeric loss of Kupffer cells. The results suggest that the reduction in the number of Kupffer cells in HCC is a constant feature of hepatocarcinogenesis not only in rodent models, but also in non-human primates.
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PMID:Quantitative evaluation of lysozyme- and CD68-positive Kupffer cells in diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinomas in monkeys. 860 89

The exact mode of action of topical nasal corticosteroids is still uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine their effects on microvascular permeability and cellular and glandular secretion by measuring the levels of total protein, albumin, lysozyme and mucin recovered in nasal lavage fluid before and after 3 weeks of treatment with a topical nasal corticosteroid in 12 normal non-atopic subjects. Six subjects applied 200 micrograms fluticasone propionate and six applied 200 micrograms beclomethasone dipropionate to one nostril in each 24 h: matched placebo was applied to the other nostril. There was a significant rise in the level of mucin recovered compared with baseline values following fluticasone administration (baseline 76.2 micrograms/ml (mean) +/- 5.5 (SEM), fluticasone 118.3 micrograms/ml +/- 11.6 P = 0.015) and beclomethasone administration (baseline 64.3 micrograms/ml +/- 6.6, beclomethasone 87.2 micrograms/ml +/- 4.8, P = 0.041). There was no significant change in the levels of total protein, albumin or lysozyme following either active medication or placebo treatment. Topical corticosteroids appear to potentiate mucin secretion and do not alter serous secretion or microvascular permeability in the unchallenged non-atopic nose.
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PMID:Topical corticosteroids potentiate mucin secretion in the normal nose. 867 28

The aim of this research was to evaluate the role of lysozyme in the phenomenon of seminal hyper-viscosity. The enzyme was determined in 142 samples of seminal plasma either leucospermic or not, with or without active macrophages classified according to their consistency (normal or high). The kinetic method with Micrococcus lysodeikticus as substrate was employed. No difference was found in enzymatic concentration expressed in nmol/L of enzymatic protein (mean +/- 2 SEM) on comparing normal and high seminal consistency groups, while differences proved highly significant in batches either leucospermic or not (n = 44, 197.2 +/- 51.3 vs. n = 98, 108.3 +/- 12.8; p < .0005). On subdividing the normal and high-consistency groups according to the count of polymorphonuclear leucocytes and the macrophagic responses, differences were also significant (p < .005 in both cases). Lysozyme concentration increases in presence of leucospermic reaction. In vitro lysozyme addition showed no significant effect on samples with high consistency. The results indicate that lysozyme plays no direct role in the phenomenon of seminal hyperviscosity, although its deficiency in cases of chronic infections may prove a factor aggravating the clinical picture.
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PMID:Viscosity of human seminal fluid: role of lysozyme. 901 17


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