Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a case of a congenital angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. This rapidly growing lesion, which was located in the subcutis of the left upper arm, was excised at the age of 8 1/2 months. The patient, a girl, was well and free of disease 10 months after surgical removal of the tumor. The tumor appeared grossly encapsulated. The gray-tan tissue contained cystic spaces filled with recent and organizing hemorrhages. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of solid masses of histiocyte- and fibroblast-like cells, inflammatory infiltrate, and multifocal irregular blood-filled spaces, which were predominantly devoid of endothelial cells. The tumor was studied immunohistochemically with antibodies specific for FVIII-related antigen, S-100 protein, epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, desmin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, muramidase, laminin, and collagen type IV. Ulex europaeus lectin-I was also utilized. These studies, along with our ultrastructural findings, suggest that: (a) the tumor is composed of a mixture of mesenchymal cells; (b) an imperfect angiogenesis may be taking place, resulting in a wide spectrum of vascular structures; and (c) the cell of origin may be a pluripotent mesenchymal cell.
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PMID:Congenital angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma. A light-microscopic, immunopathologic, and electron-microscopic study. 284 34

A case of primary sarcomatous tumor of the liver in a 61-yr-old man is reported. The tumor, which measured 8.5 X 8 X 8 cm, was located in the right lobe of the liver and consisted of spindle cells in a storiform pattern intermingled with bizarre giant cells. Immunohistochemically, most tumor cells expressed vimentin. Cytoplasmic immunoreactivity with alpha 1-antitrypsin and lysozyme was documented in the giant cells. Ultrastructurally, cells with fibroblastic and histiocytic features were present. The morphological and immunohistochemical findings justify the conclusion that the tumor should be classified as a malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Reported cases of hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma were reviewed and compared with similar tumors observed in other body sites.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the liver: a case report and review of the literature. 284 26

Continuing controversy exists concerning a possible relation between neoplastic cells of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and the mononuclear phagocyte system. The aim of this study was to investigate the membrane and cytoenzymatic phenotype of a primary cutaneous MFH, storiform pleomorphic type, and to compare these data with ultrastructural observations. Cytoplasmic proteins (acid phosphatase, non specific esterase, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and lysozyme) suggestive of a mononuclear phagocyte origin were demonstrated in varying amounts in neoplastic cells infiltrating the dermis. Consistent with these data, two (LeuM3 and OKM5) out of four (OKM1 and LeuM1) monoclonal antibodies directed against mononuclear phagocyte antigens stained most of the neoplastic cells. Class II MCH antigens (DR and DQ) were variably expressed on distinct groups of neoplastic cells, suggesting different activation/differentiation states. The results favor the view that the present case of primary cutaneous MFH was of mononuclear phagocyte origin. However, the observed phenotypic profile was expressed on neoplastic cells irrespective of their ultrastructural morphology (histiocytic or fibroblastic). Together with previous data in the literature, the latter finding corroborates the view that distinction between these two cell types in MFH is likely to reflect divergent growth and differentiation patterns rather than histogenesis.
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PMID:Multiple marker studies on a malignant fibrous histiocytoma with primary cutaneous localization. 285 Dec 2

The immunoperoxidase avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method was used to investigate the presence of histiocyte markers such as lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) and alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin (A1ACT) and of vimentin, a specific marker for mesenchymal differentiation, in a spontaneous and transplantable rat tumor of supposed fibroblastic-histiocytic origin. Positive staining was obtained for lysozyme and vimentin but A1AT and A1ACT were not demonstrable in any of the tumor sections. These results provide evidence for the fibro-histiocytic nature of the tumor studied and suggest its classification as a malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH).
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PMID:Immunohistochemical identification of lysozyme and vimentin in an experimental malignant fibrous histiocytoma. 285 48

Fifteen cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and 79 cases of differential-diagnostically related soft tissue tumors were evaluated for immunoreactive cells for the subunit A of factor XIII (F-XIIIa) in comparison with the staining obtained by the classic histiocytic markers: lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (AACT). Ubiquitous and focal staining patterns were distinguished. Only three cases of MFH were characterized by an ubiquitous positive reaction for AAT and AACT, in contrast to the obligatory positive staining of MFH for F-XIIIa. This low ratio is probably related to the high proportion of predominantly fibroblastic and myxoid types of MFH (11/15). In the three cases of MFH characterized by ubiquitous positive reactions for both antiproteases and for F-XIIIa, the frequency of positive cells for AAT and AACT exceeded that for F-XIIIa. Thus, the positive cells for antiproteases and those for F-XIIIa represent different levels of fibro-histiocytic differentiation; the F-XIIIa-positive cells are fibro-histiocyte precursors. F-XIIIa-positive stromal cells are present in the normal mesenchyme, but their significance is unknown. The fact that these cells are a constant feature of MFH argues for a histiocytic pathway of their differentiation. The ubiquitous presence of F-XIIIa-positive cells in MFH distinguishes them from the histologically similar soft tissue tumors. However, the focal presence of F-XIIIa-positive cells indicate only a host response to an unspecified tissue injury that may occur in all kinds of soft tissue tumors.
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PMID:Factor XIIIa and the classic histiocytic markers in malignant fibrous histiocytoma: a comparative immunohistochemical study. 290 Feb 9

We have studied the possible origin of histiocytic cells, present in fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) by using immunohistochemistry to demonstrate lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and receptors for peanut and soy bean agglutinin in tumour cells of MFH compared with their presence in tumour cells of malignant histiocytosis (MH) ('true' histiocytic lymphoma, 'true' histiocytic sarcoma). We included in this study a number of other soft tissue tumours (STT). Lysozyme was detected in half of the cases of malignant histiocytosis (n = 16) but in only two out of 77 MFH. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin usually occurred together although the latter was seen in more cases. Both markers were present in majority of cases of MH whereas they were detected in a minority of cases of MFH. MFH cases of the storiform subtype were less frequently stained than the pleomorphic or giant cell subtypes. Receptors for peanut or soy bean agglutinin were detected in nearly all MH cases, whereas their presence was only detected in a small number of MFH. Lysozyme was not detectable in other STT. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were uncommonly present in other STT, except in osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. These markers therefore have a limited value as indicators of a possible histiocytic origin of MFH. Lectins showed weak affinity for other STT. In accordance with others, we therefore conclude that the progenitor cell of MFH has to be sought within the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and that histiocytes themselves probably do not give rise to MFH.
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PMID:Characterization of tumour cells in malignant fibrous histiocytomas and other soft tissue tumours in comparison with malignant histiocytes. I. Immunohistochemical study on paraffin sections. 299 65

A primary, malignant pleomorphic giant cell tumor of the uterus was studied by light and electron microscopy. The tumor was characterized by spindle cells, plump epithelioid cells, pleomorphic giant cells, osteoclast-like giant cells, and foamy xanthomatous cells. Histochemically, tumor cells did not show either myogenic or epithelial characteristics. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were devoid of evidence of desmin, cytokeratin, myoglobin, and lysozyme (muramidase), but vimentin was weakly positive, and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin was weakly positive in the cytoplasm of pleomorphic giant cells. Ultrastructurally, tumor cells did not show either myogenic or epithelial features, but they resembled a variant of malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The present case was classified as a storiform-pleomorphic and giant cell type of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the soft tissues. The uterus is considered to be an additional possible site of malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
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PMID:Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the uterus. 303 Sep 5

An uncommon primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the pleura is described. At light microscopy the tumor was characterized by a 'storiform' pattern of growth, with numerous multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry showed an intense, diffuse immunostaining for alpha-1-antitrypsin, focal for lysozyme. Ultrastructurally, histiocyte- and fibroblast-like cells and cells with intermediate features were present; moreover, it was possible to demonstrate the presence of mesenchymal 'stem' cells. Findings are discussed, also with respect to histogenesis of MFH.
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PMID:Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the pleura. A case report. 303 87

We have studied 12 cases of cutaneous atypical fibroxanthoma using immunohistochemistry to demonstrate lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, S-100-protein, receptors for peanut agglutinin, and intermediate filaments. Results were compared with immunostaining in 24 cases of other so-called fibrohistiocytic tumours. In addition 2 cases of atypical fibroxanthoma and 6 cases of fibrohistiocytic tumours were stained by monoclonal antibodies specific for the monocyte cell lineage (Ki-M1, Ki-M2, Ki-M6, Ki-M7, Ki-M8, OKM-1 and Leu-M1) and double-stained by monocyte-markers and Ki-67. The immunophenotype of atypical fibroxanthoma was rather similar to the marker profile found in malignant fibrous histiocytoma. All atypical fibroxanthomas were positive for vimentin and negative for epithelial markers. Monocyte lineage-specific determinants could be demonstrated in varying amounts in cells suggestive of being reactive. In contrast proliferating--Ki-67 positive--cells did not express monocyte/macrophage related antigens in atypical fibroxanthoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma both. As to the histogenesis of these tumours our findings speak in favour of a derivation from primitive mesenchymal cells rather than from histiocytes.
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PMID:Immunostaining in atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin. 326 10

The morphological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 37 atypical fibroxanthomas of the skin were examined. Twenty-four tumours were nodular ulcerative lesions on the head and face of patients with a median age of 75 years, whereas 13 tumours occurred on the trunk and limbs of patients with a median age of 48 years. Both pleomorphic polygonal and giant cells as well as the spindle cell component of the tumours stained for the histiocytic markers alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, lysozyme and, less frequently, for ferritin. Leu M1 antigen and peanut agglutinin receptors were not demonstrable in tumour cells. This antigenic profile was contrasted with the findings in six cases of dermatofibroma which were largely not reactive with the antisera used. The immunohistochemical findings in atypical fibroxanthomas suggest that they represent a homogeneous group of tumours which are related to tissue histiocytes. These results are discussed in the context of the published findings in other so-called fibrohistiocytic tumours including dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The diagnoses in three cases coded as atypical fibroxanthomas were revised on the basis of their showing a different immunohistochemical profile.
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PMID:Atypical fibroxanthoma of the skin: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study and a discussion of its histogenesis. 349 85


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