Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Empty capsids of the human pathogenic parvovirus B19 can be produced in a baculovirus system. B19 capsids are composed mainly of major capsid protein (VP2) and a small amount of minor capsid protein (VP1); VP1 is identical to VP2 but contains an additional 227-aa N-terminal region ("unique" region). A portion of that region of VP1 is external to the capsid, and VP1 is not required for capsid formation. We substituted the unique region with a sequence encoding the 147 aa of hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) and constructed recombinant baculoviruses with variable amounts of retained VP1 sequence joined to the VP2 backbone. After cotransfection with VP2 baculovirus and expression in insect cells, capsids were purified by density sedimentation. Purified recombinant capsids contained HEL. External presentation of HEL was demonstrated by immunoprecipitation, ELISA, and immune electron microscopy using anti-lysozyme monoclonal antibodies or specific rabbit antisera. Empty particles showed enzymatic activity in a micrococcal cell wall digestion assay. Rabbits inoculated with capsids made antibodies to HEL. Intact heterologous protein can be incorporated in B19 particles and presented on the capsid surface, properties that may be useful in vaccine development, cell targeting, and gene therapy.
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PMID:Parvovirus particles as platforms for protein presentation. 807 12

The immunopathogenesis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection in conventional pigs is complicated by various environmental factors and individual variation and is difficult to be completely reproduced experimentally. In the present field-based study, a tissue microarray (TMA) consisting of a series of lymphoid follicles having different PCV2-loads was constructed using formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded superficial inguinal lymph nodes (LNs) from 102 pigs. Using the TMA, a wide range of parameters, including co-infected viral pathogens, immune cell subsets, and cell apoptosis/proliferation activity by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining or in situ hybridization (ISH) were measured, characterized, and compared. The signal location and area extent of each parameter were interpreted by pathologists, semi-quantified by automated image analysis software, and analyzed statistically. The results herein demonstrated a significant negative correlation between PCV2 and CD79a (p<0.001) and a significant positive correlation between PCV2 and lysozyme (p<0.001) or TUNEL (p<0.001) using Pearson correlation analysis. The amount of porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV) and porcine parvovirus antigens did not correlate with the tissue loads of PCV2 nucleic acid. Multiple regression analysis further predicted that PCV2 contributed major effects on CD79a, lysozyme, and TUNEL but PRRSV showed relatively less effects on these parameters. In addition, the total signal intensity of Ki67 (index of cell proliferation activity) did not change significantly among cases with different PCV2 loads; however, as the loading of PCV2 nucleic acid increased, the main contribution of Ki67 signal gradually shifted from B cells in the germinal center to T cells and macrophages in the interfollicular regions. In the present study, the use of TMA to establish a mathematical model with a wider range of statistical analysis can bring us a step forward to understand the immunopathogenesis of PCV2 infection-associated follicular changes in LNs.
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PMID:Immunopathological characterization of porcine circovirus type 2 infection-associated follicular changes in inguinal lymph nodes using high-throughput tissue microarray. 2112 33

The pathogenic role of torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) in swine is controversial among different studies. The present study intended to evaluate the potential pathogenicity of TTSuV based on its correlations with the histopathological changes, various common concurrently infected viral pathogens including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine parvovirus (PPV), as well as changes in the distribution and population of host immunocytes such as B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, and macrophages by using the superficial inguinal lymph nodes (siLNs) of wasting pigs. A tissue microarray consisting of 270 available siLNs collected from 262 clinically wasting and 8 healthy pigs, respectively, were used for the detection of TTSuV1, TTSuV2, PCV2, PRRSV, and PPV by either in situ hybridization (ISH) or immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, and for the detection of various subsets of immunocytes by IHC staining with monoclonal antibodies to CD3, CD79a, and lysozyme. The slides were then subject to digital scanning followed by a semi-quantitative positive pixel evaluation for further statistical analysis. Although a high prevalence of TTSuV1 and/or TTSuV2 infection was noted in both wasting and healthy pigs, the wasting pigs had a significantly higher intensity in both TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 ISH-positive signals than healthy ones did. In the wasting pigs, a significant positive correlation in the tissue viral load was noted between TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 and between TTSuV2 and PCV2, but not between TTSuV1 and PCV2. Conversely, a significant negative correlation in the tissue viral load was revealed between TTSuV2, but not TTSuV1, and PRRSV. The tissue viral load of TTSuV1 was significantly correlated with B cell hyperplasia, while the tissue viral load of TTSuV2 was significantly correlated with increased macrophage population. The ISH positivity of TTSuV2 was significantly correlated with lymphoid depletion and granulomatous inflammation, which are the characteristic histopathological findings in postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome-affected pigs. These findings suggest that both TTSuV species may have the potential involving the development of porcine circovirus-associated lymphoid lesions via alternating the host immune system.
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PMID:The pathogenic role of torque teno sus virus 1 and 2 and their correlations with various viral pathogens and host immunocytes in wasting pigs. 2639 Aug 21