Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To clarify the origin and function of human cutaneous mast cells (CMCs), immunohistochemical characterization was done in 19 cases of urticaria pigmentosa (cutaneous mastocytosis) using 9 antibodies (anti-leukocyte common antigen, MX-PanB, anti-lysozyme, anti- alpha 1-antitrypsin, anti- alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, anti-vimentin, anti-neuron-specific enolase, anti-factor VIII-related antigen, and anti-ACTH). CMCs showed positive reactions with anti-alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and anti-vimentin in almost all of the specimens. In more than half of the specimens, CMCs were stained positively with anti-alpha 1-antitrypsin, MX-PanB, and anti-factor VIII-related antigen. Anti-leukocyte common antigen and anti-ACTH also showed positive reactions in some specimens. These results confirm the existence of vimentin filaments in CMCs and suggest a functional role of CMCs in hemostasis via factor VIII. Furthermore, immunohistochemical similarity between CMCs and granulocyte/macrophage-group cells is also suggested.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical characterization of human cutaneous mast cells in urticaria pigmentosa (cutaneous mastocytosis) 137 28

Unusual gram positive bacteremia has been reported in non granulopenic patients receiving recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) suggesting a beneficial effect of anti gram positive prophylaxis in such patients. We report here studies on granulocyte functions examined during the course of high dose IL-2 therapy (16 to 24 million IU/m2/days for 11 to 18 days) administered during a period of 35 days in 14 patients including 4 solid tumors, 5 chronic myeloid leukemias, 4 recipients of autologous bone marrow transplant (ABMT) and 1 recipient of syngeneic bone marrow transplant. Neutrophils functions were studied before IL-2 administration (d 0), after the first cycle (d 8) and after the third cycle (d 36). Nylon fiber adherence, superoxide production, random migration, phagocytosis, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, lysozyme and elastase release were not impaired significantly throughout therapy. However N-Formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated chemotaxis of granulocytes, normal before therapy, was significantly impaired as early at d 8 and severely inhibited at d 36 (p less than 0.001). Three septicemia, one corynebacteria parvum septicemia and two gram-negative septicemia despite normal neutrophil counts and oxacillin or Penicillin G plus Pefloxacin prophylaxis, occurred among the 14 patients studied. Although neutrophil functions were not more depressed in transplanted patients than in the other non transplanted patients, special attention should be paid to such patients in whom delayed immune reconstitution could increase the risk of sepsis.
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PMID:Interleukin-2 induces chemotactic deficiency in patients with onco hematologic malignancies and autologous bone marrow transplantation. 166 18

NF-IL6 was originally identified as a DNA binding protein regulating interleukin-1 (IL-1)-stimulated IL-6 expression. Direct cloning of NF-IL6 showed its homology with C/EBP, a hepatocyte- and adipocyte-specific transcription factor. This study showed that the expression of NF-IL6 messenger RNA (mRNA) increased markedly during the differentiation to a (mRNA) increased markedly during the differentiation to a macrophage lineage in mouse myeloid leukemia cells M1, human histiocytic leukemia cells U937, promyelocytic leukemia cells HL-60, and human peripheral monocytes. Particularly in HL-60 cells that undergo granulocyte or macrophage differentiation depending on inducers, NF-IL6 mRNA was specifically upregulated during macrophage differentiation but not granulocyte differentiation. It was also shown that the functional NF-IL6 protein increased during the differentiation of U937 cells. Furthermore, recombinant NF-IL6 was found to bind to the regulatory regions of the IL-1, tumor necrosis factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and lysozyme genes, which are expressed in mature macrophages. These results suggest that NF-IL6 may possibly be involved as an important transcription factor in the process of activation and/or differentiation of macrophages.
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PMID:Macrophage differentiation-specific expression of NF-IL6, a transcription factor for interleukin-6. 173 90

The effect of pinealectomy and melatonin injections on the diurnal rhythms of serum lysozyme and blood granulocytes was examined in White Leghorn cockerels kept from time of hatching for 5 weeks in L:D 12:12 conditions and immunized twice with sheep red blood cells (SRBC). Pinealectomy or sham-operation was made during first week of life. Pinealectomized chickens were injected daily with a melatonin dosage increased over 4 consecutive weeks (the dosage was 10, 13, 16, and 20 ng per bird daily during the 4 weeks, respectively; MEL I) at the beginning of darkness. The same treatment was performed on chickens with an intact pineal gland using additional melatonin doses increased 10 times (MEL II) and 500 times (MEL III). Intact chickens were also injected with MEL II and MEL III 4 hr before the end of light. Control birds received equivalent injections of vehicle. Five-week-old chickens were sacrificed during a 24-hr period every 4 hr. The existence of diurnal rhythm was evaluated by cosinor analysis. Pinealectomy shifted the acrophase of the diurnal rhythm of granulocytes and abolished that of serum lysozyme. Both rhythms were restored in pinealectomized chickens by MEL I but not by vehicle injections. The same melatonin dose was unable to change the granulocyte rhythm but delayed the acrophase of that of serum lysozyme in chickens with an intact pineal gland. Two higher melatonin doses influenced the diurnal rhythm of granulocytes as a function of dose and time of administration. The rhythm of serum lysozyme was dependent only on the time of injection. The pineal gland seems to control, via its hormone melatonin, the diurnal rhythm of nonspecific immunity in chickens.
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PMID:Pineal influence on the diurnal rhythm of nonspecific immunity indices in chickens. 192 42

We examined fourteen patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) according to the following staging criteria at diagnosis; Group A: bone marrow (BM) blast less than 5% (eight cases), Group B; BM blast more than 5% and less than 30% (five cases), Group C; BM blast more than 30% (one case). Compared with Group A, Group B patients have much more peripheral blood leukocyte, granulocyte and monocyte counts, LDH level, and serum and urine lysozyme levels. Two of the five Group B cases transformed to acute leukemia (BC) within one and a half year, and other three patients died of infection and hemorrhage within a year. On the contrary, three of the eight Group A patients survived four years, and transformation to acute leukemia occurred in only one case after four years. Autopsy revealed multiple organ infiltration of monocytoid granulocytes on the patients with advanced stage and more bone marrow blasts. Two cases have coexistence of myeloproliferative disorders, one with essential thrombocythemia, and another with myelofibrosis, which, later, transformed to acute leukemia. And a Group C patient transformed to chronic phase with chemotherapy, and maintained the state for six years, but at the end stage, mature monocytes increased and pancytopenia developed. These findings indicate the heterogeneity of CMMoL in respect of the disease stage and the coexistence of other myeloproliferative disorders.
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PMID:[Clinical study on heterogeneity of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. 207 27

Granulocyte infiltration was studied in 88 biopsies of antrum mucosa from patients with B-gastritis. Evidence of IgA-, IgG- and IgM-antibodies as well as of lysozyme in the mucosa was demonstrated by immunohistochemical methods. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is coated by antibodies and a significant correlation between extent of opsonisation and number of plasma cells in the connective tissue of the lamina propria could be stated. Thus, the infiltration of plasma cells is a specific immune response against Hp. In the depths of gastric pits the antibody-coating of bacteria is faint. Instead, lysozyme and lactoferrin are produced there. By means of a Cross-sectional study a model is developed which characterizes B-gastritis as a dynamic process. Lagging behind, the inflammation follows the motile bacteria resulting in a patchy distribution of inflamed areas in the mucosa. At the peak of these local inflammation-waves the production of antibodies and lysozyme is intensified. Coating the bacteria with IgG and IgM results in complement activation liberating chemotaxin C5a. Consequently, there is a massive granulocyte infiltration leading to local reduction or eradication of Hp.
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PMID:[Gastritis: immunohistochemical detection of specific and nonspecific immune response to Helicobacter pylori]. 223 61

The production of delta-toxin is supposed to be responsible for various pathophysiological effects during infection with Staphylococcus aureus. We compared the effects of delta-toxin with the structurally related bee venom toxin melittin on granulocyte functions and inflammatory mediator release. Delta-toxin and melittin induced a rapid Ca2+ influx, as was shown by fluorescence detection. Furthermore, oxygen radical production, as determined by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, was triggered by delta-toxin (0.15 to 15 micrograms/ml), whereas melittin showed only marginal effects. Release of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase was observed only at high concentrations of 15 micrograms of melittin and delta-toxin per ml. Preincubation (15 min) of neutrophils with both toxins resulted in the formation of 3H-platelet-activating factor (3H-PAF) from 3H-lyso-PAF. After 5 min of incubation, the exogenously added lyso-PAF was converted to PAF (delta-toxin, 80 +/- 2%; melittin, 27 +/- 12% of total radioactivity; n = 3, mean +/- standard error of the mean) and 1-O-alkyl-2-acyl-glycerophosphorylcholine (alkyl-acyl-GPC) (corresponding values, 20 +/- 3% and 51 +/- 14% of total radioactivity). The newly generated PAF was rapidly metabolized to lyso-PAF and alkyl-acyl-GPC during the subsequent incubation period of 60 min. In the absence of any toxin, no formation of PAF from lyso-PAF was observed. Further studies indicated that the metabolism of PAF into lyso-PAF and alkyl-acyl-GPC was inhibited in the presence of delta-toxin. Melittin had no significant effects on PAF metabolism. Neither delta-toxin nor melittin modulated the uptake of PAF and lyso-PAF significantly. Our data provide evidence that delta-toxin has an effect on the activity of neutrophil granulocytes with regard to its proinflammatory capacity.
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PMID:Effect of Staphylococcus aureus delta-toxin on human granulocyte functions and platelet-activating-factor metabolism. 234 Nov 70

Previous studies have shown that monoclonal antibody 60.3 reacting with a surface antigen common to human leukocytes inhibits phorbol ester-induced adhesion among blood mononuclear cells and precipitates from these cells three surface polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 90,000, 130,000 and 160,000. Now we report that the same antibody, either as purified IgG or Fab fragments, also inhibits the extensive adhesion among granulocytes induced by phorbol ester. Inhibition of cell aggregation was not observed with monoclonal antibodies to C3b receptor, common leukocyte antigen T200, C3bi receptor, brain granulocyte-T lymphocyte antigen, IgG Fc receptor, class I transplantation antigen, or a granulocyte-specific antigen. Intercellular adhesion induced by either the chemotactic tripeptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or the ionophore A23187 was also inhibited by antibody 60.3. However, this antibody did not affect phorbol ester-induced superoxide (O2-) generation or lysozyme release. Two major surface glycopolypeptides with apparent molecular weights of 92,000 and 155,000 were immunoprecipitated from granulocytes. Dissociation of the protein complexes obtained from blood mononuclear cells and granulocytes indicated the presence of the epitope on the 90,000-92,000 molecular-weight components. It is thus concluded that the smallest glycopolypeptides mediate adhesion in human granulocytes and mononuclear leukocytes.
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PMID:Identification of a cell-surface glycoprotein mediating adhesion in human granulocytes. 241 94

Because of the involvement of proteinases in the activation mechanism of thrombocytes and granulocytes, the effect of proteinase inhibitors was tested. To document cell activation we used thrombocyte and granulocyte aggregation. Chemiluminescence and superoxide production were used as parameters for the release of activated oxygen compounds, and lysozyme as a marker of lysosomal enzyme release. FOY and aprotinin inhibited all but not arachidonic acid thrombocyte aggregation. Only aprotinin diminished granulocyte responses to various stimuli, while FOY was without effect at concentration less than 100 microM.
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PMID:Cellular (thrombocytes, granulocytes) effects of proteinase inhibitors--gabexylate, gabexate mesilate (FOY) and aprotinin. 243 45

Local protection in patients with complicated tuberculosis was investigated. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was tested for the levels of IgA, sIgA, IgM, IgG, lysozyme, activity of granulocyte proteinases (elastase and trypsin-like proteinases) and their acid-fast inhibitors, ability to produce interferons by the BALF cells, the BALF cell composition and functional activity of alveolar macrophages. The local protection was shown to be decreased in the patients with nonspecific inflammatory processes in the bronchi. The decrease was especially pronounced in the patients with purulent endobronchitis. The data indicated the necessity of using immunocorrectors in combined therapy of such patients.
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PMID:[Bronchopulmonary local defense in nonspecific endobronchitis in patients with tuberculosis]. 247 69


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