Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Few data are yet available comparing the histological patterns of cadmium nephropathy with the values of urinary enzyme excretions, useful indexes of renal tubular damage. 40 Wistar rats, divided into four groups (A-D), were intoxicated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2) at 16 ppm in drinking water for 4, 16, 40 and 60 weeks, respectively. At the end of each period all the intoxicated rats and 5 controls were assessed for creatinine clearance, fractional excretion of gamma-glutamyltransferase (UfrGGT) and alpha-glucosidase (UfrAGL), indexes of anatomical tubular damage, and for fractional clearance of lysozyme (CfrLys), index of functional tubular damage. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed and their kidneys examined with light and electron microscopy. Control rats and group A and B rats did not show any histological impairment. A widespread vesiculation of proximal tubular cells with mitochondrial and lysosomal alterations was found in the group C rats and was more evident in group D. The brush border never showed any damage in all groups in accordance with the finding of a normal excretion pattern of UfrGGT, an enzyme situated in this structure. The UfrAGL was increased only in group D rats (p less than 0.025), who showed the most severe anatomical damages. The CfrLys, an index of tubular function, was elevated in group C and D rats (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.002, respectively). It was possible to detect the initial renal tubular damage.
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PMID:Detection of the early steps of cadmium nephropathy--comparison of light- and electron-microscopical patterns with the urinary enzymes excretion. An experimental study. 256 73

The following 10 enzymes were assayed in 187 amniotic fluid and maternal serum samples at 15-42 weeks of gestation: alkaline phosphatase, heat-stable alkaline phosphatase (only in amniotic fluid), acid phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alpha-amylase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lysozyme. The normal reference ranges are reported for amniotic fluid and maternal serum enzymes, together with the abnormal values accompanying neural tube defects and EPH-gestosis. The determination of gamma-glutamyltransferase, heat-stable alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase was found to be of appreciable diagnostic significance in clinical practice.
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PMID:Variation in some enzymes in amniotic fluid and maternal serum during pregnancy. 256 24

The urinary enzymes alanine amino-peptidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and the two urine low-molecular mass proteins lysozyme and ribonuclease were measured in 30 healthy men and 36 insulin-dependent diabetics. 17 diabetics had "clinical proteinuria" (greater than 7.5 g/mol creatinine) and were defined as patients with manifest diabetic nephropathy. The remaining 19 diabetics were without proteinuria. The excretion rates of the two urine proteins and all enzymes except for gamma-glutamyltransferase were the highest in patients suffering from diabetic nephropathy. The excretion rates in both diabetic groups exceeded those of the control group. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was more often increased than albumin in diabetics without manifest diabetic nephropathy. It is concluded that the tubular dysfunction is an early indicator of the incipient diabetic nephropathy. Thus, tubular parameters, especially the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase may be used in follow-up studies of diabetics.
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PMID:[Urine enzymes and low molecular weight proteins as indicators of diabetic nephropathy]. 273 55

To evaluate the reliability of urinary enzymes as markers of renal tubular damage in obstructive jaundice, research was carried out on 26 Sprague-Dawley rats submitted to bile duct ligation and on 16 sham-operated rats. The fractional clearances of lysozyme (CfrLYS) and of malto-dehydrogenase (CfrMDH)-indices of tubular function-and the fractional excretions of gamma-glutamyltransferase (UfrGGT) and of alpha-glucosidase (UfrAGL)-indices of tubular anatomic damage - were measured 5, 10, 20 and 30 days after operation. Creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion, urinary potassium excretion, proteinuria, plasma bilirubin and bile acids were also measured. Kidneys were taken for histology. All rats submitted to common bile duct ligation had high levels of bilirubin and bile acids; proximal tubules were damaged and the extent of the lesions increased with time. However, creatinine clearance, urinary sodium excretion, proteinuria, CfrMDH and UfrAGL gave no indication of renal lesions, whereas CfrLYS and UfrGGT were significantly higher 20 and 30 days after bile duct ligation, respectively. These findings show that CfrLYS and UfrGGT could be useful tests for renal tubular lesions in jaundice.
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PMID:Are urinary enzymes useful markers of kidney damage in obstructive jaundice? An experimental study on Sprague-Dawley rats. 285 26

The urinary excretions of lysozyme (LYS), malate-dehydrogenase (MAD), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and alpha-glucosidase (AGL) were measured in a group of normal subjects in basic conditions, during forced diuresis, at different hours of the day and with urinary collection periods of different lengths. The results have been expressed in the principal ways used in clinical practice. The best way to express the excretions of GGT and AGL was with the fractional excretions. For LYS and MAD, the fractional clearances appeared to be theoretically valuable. They were not significantly influenced by sex or by the different urinary collections. Forced diuresis caused a significant scattering of enzymuria.
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PMID:Reference ranges and methodological aspects in the urinary measuring of lysozyme, malate-dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyltransferase and alpha-glucosidase. 286 90

We compared the diagnostic validity of five urinary enzymes--alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), and lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17)--as indicators of acute rejection crises in renal-transplant recipients. In 82 patients (group A), the excretion of each of these five enzymes was measured daily from transplantation until discharge from hospital. In another 69 patients (group B), enzyme determinations were made when the patient came for regular checkups (about every four to eight weeks). We used an "activity ratio" (the activity measured at a particular time compared with the activity on the preceding determination) value of 1.5 as the decision point. In group A, use of this discrimination point for alanine aminopeptidase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase yielded a specificity and sensitivity of about 90%. In group B, only alanine aminopeptidase had a greater diagnostic sensitivity than creatinine alone. Evidently, measurement of alanine aminopeptidase can be a helpful indicator of acute rejection crises, when interpreted in combination with other available relevant clinical, biochemical, and immunological data.
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PMID:Diagnostic significance of some urinary enzymes for detecting acute rejection crises in renal-transplant recipients: alanine aminopeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyltransferase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, and lysozyme. 287 13

We examined the stability of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), and lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) in urine prepared by gel filtration and supplemented with albumin, or ethylene glycol, or ethylene glycol plus albumin during storage at -20 degrees C for a period of 12 months. The stability was assessed by linear regression analysis of monthly values versus time. All enzymes except for gamma-glutamyltransferase could be considered stable for about one year in all three control materials provided that maximum change of 10% of the starting enzyme activity is accepted as tolerable. If ethylene glycol is used as stabilizer, its suitability must be tested and its inhibitory effect on enzyme activities must be taken into account in intermethod comparisons, because in some methods, it may be removed in a pretreatment step.
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PMID:Quality control material for activity determinations of urinary enzymes. 289 58

We measured the excretion rates of six urinary enzymes that either originate from the proximal renal tubule, like alanine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2), alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1), gamma-glutamyltransferase (EC 2.3.2.2), and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.30), or that are typical low-molecular-mass proteins, like lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17) and pancreatic ribonuclease (EC 3.1.27.5). These rates were compared with those of total protein and albumin in urine of 36 insulin-dependent diabetic men and 30 healthy men. Seventeen of the diabetics had "clinical proteinuria," defined as excretion of more than 7.5 g of protein per mole of urinary creatinine (group B). Group A comprised the 19 diabetics without proteinuria. Except for gamma-glutamyltransferase, the excretions of enzymes and proteins were significantly higher in diabetics than in controls and were greater in group B than in group A. N-Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase was the analyte most often increased in group A (89%), followed by albumin and alkaline phosphatase (each 32%). All patients in group B showed increased excretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase. We conclude from the comparative data that this enzyme may be useful as an early predictor of diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Urinary enzymes and low-molecular-mass proteins as indicators of diabetic nephropathy. 289 6

To evaluate the effect of improved metabolic control on kidney function, urinary excretion rate of beta-2-microglobulin, lysozyme, and gamma-glutamyltransferase were evaluated in nine poorly controlled, newly diagnosed diabetic patients before and during treatment. In six poorly controlled insulin-dependent nephropathic diabetic patients, besides the parameters cited above, urinary albumin excretion rate and IgG/transferrin clearance ratio were further investigated to estimate the permeability and the selectivity of glomerular barrier during conventional treatment and after improvement of the metabolic control by a glucose-controlled insulin infusion system (GCIIS). The improved glycemic control resulted in a significant reduction of urinary beta-2-microglobulin and lysozyme excretion in all diabetic patients. Significant decreases of urinary albumin excretion and of IgG/transferrin clearance ratio (indicating a more selective proteinuria) during strict metabolic control were also observed in nephropathic diabetic patients. The reduction of urinary beta-2-microglobulin and lysozyme excretion indicates that a tubular reabsorptive dysfunction, reversible with the amelioration of glycemic control, can be observed in poorly controlled, newly diagnosed and in insulin-dependent nephropathic diabetic patients during conventional treatment. In the latter patients, the permeability and the selectivity properties of glomerular barrier also improved during GCIIS.
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PMID:Kidney function after improved metabolic control in newly diagnosed diabetes and in diabetic patients with nephropathy. 692 32

Fifteen various serum and urine parameters were evaluated as indicators of renal alterations induced by lead in 82 male workers of a battery plant chronically exposed to lead (median of blood lead concentration: 2.03 mumol/l). The control group comprised 44 non-exposed healthy volunteers (0.34 mumol/l). High-molecular-mass proteins (transferrin, immunoglobulin G (IgG), (albumin)) were determined in urine as markers of glomerular integrity; low-molecular-weight proteins and parenchymal enzymes (alpha 1-microglobulin, beta 2-microglobulin, retinol-binding protein, lysozyme, ribonuclease, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), alkaline phosphatase (AP), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)) as indicators of changes in the proximal tubule; Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein and kallikrein as markers of the distal tubule. There was a positive correlation between tubular indicators and blood lead concentration as well as the erythrocyte protoporphyrin (EPP). About 30% of the lead-exposed workers showed an increased excretion of alpha 1-microglobulin, NAG, ribonuclease, and/or Tamm-Horsfall protein, whereas the glomerular indicators remained unchanged. The combined determination of NAG and alpha 1-microglobulin in urine could be helpful in the early detection of lead-induced changes in the nephron.
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PMID:Changed excretion of urinary proteins and enzymes by chronic exposure to lead. 752 73


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