Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the early stages of anaphylactic shock of rats pretreated with Bordetella pertussis vaccine, a prompt and parallel activation of the factor XIIa-dependent intrinsic coagulation, kinin generation, and fibrinolytic acticity was observed. The coagulation studies, the similarity of anaphylactic results with those produced by a single injection of ellagic acid, and the effective inhibition of the anaphylactic and the ellagic acid-induced activation of these pathways by lysozyme all suggest that factor XII itself becomes activated in rat anaphylaxis. As the reaction proceeded, considerable anticoagulant activities emerged, but the bradykinin and the plasminogen activator levels even further increased. During the first 10 min of anaphylactic shock, factor XII was partly consumed and this was prevented by epsilon-aminocaproic acid infusion. The results show that in pathological conditions such as anaphylaxis there is an intimate in vivo interaction among the three factor XIIa-dependent pathways.
 ...
PMID:Activation and consumption of Hageman factor in the anaphylactic shock of the rat. 96 6

To determine whether the virulence of Streptococcus suis type 2 is associated with the phenotype of the strain, we infected newborn germfree pigs with 10 strains of S. suis type 2 categorized by three phenotypes. In an earlier study, the phenotypes were distinguished by the presence or absence of the muramidase-released protein (MRP) and an extracellular factor (EF) and were designated MRP+ EF+, MRP+ EF- and MRP- EF-. Pigs were first inoculated with Bordetella bronchiseptica to predispose them to infection and were then intranasally inoculated with the streptococci. Strains of the MRP+ EF+ phenotype induced fever and increased the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in blood. Specific clinical signs of disease such as nervous disorders and lameness were also observed. At necropsy bacteriologic and pathologic examination disclosed meningoencephalitis, polyserositis, and polyarthritis. Strains of the MRP+ EF- phenotype induced only nonspecific clinical signs of disease such as recumbency, lack of appetite, and fever; only slight pathologic changes were detected in the serosae. The four strains of the MRP- EF- phenotype induced no signs of disease. These findings indicate that the 110-kDa EF and, to a lesser degree, the 136-kDa MRP may be associated with the virulence of the bacterium. The results demonstrated that S. suis type 2 strains producing both MRP and EF are pathogenic for pigs.
 ...
PMID:Virulence of Streptococcus suis type 2 strains in newborn germfree pigs depends on phenotype. 173 Apr 89

Lysozyme from equine neutrophil granulocytes was isolated in a pure form by fast performance liquid chromatography, i.e. ion-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. The lysozyme lysed Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus lentus and was also bactericidal against the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Serratia marcescens. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were not lysed. The lysozyme was only very slightly bactericidal for S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Equine neutrophil lysozyme was found to be bactericidal for Gram-positive as well as for Gram-negative bacteria without further treatment. Equine and chicken egg white lysozymes were found to be immunologically related when examined using specific antisera against each of them. Both lysozymes also had very similar specific enzymatic activities against M. luteus membranes.
 ...
PMID:Purification of equine neutrophil lysozyme and its antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. 180 22

It has been demonstrated that human milk, unlike bovine milk, can reduce the viability of Bordetella pertussis. This antibacterial activity was not due to the presence of antibiotics or antibodies in the human milk. Reducing the level of available iron or increasing the concentration of lysozyme in bovine milk did not induce anti-B. pertussis activity. Analysis of total fatty acids revealed that human milk contained significantly more linoleic acid than bovine milk. However, the addition of linoleic acid to bovine milk did not inhibit the growth of B. pertussis.
 ...
PMID:Antimicrobial effect of human milk on Bordetella pertussis. 222 62

Fifteen newborn germ-free pigs were inoculated with 2 strains, D-282 and T-15, of Streptococcus suis type II. Some pigs also were preinoculated with Bordetella bronchiseptica, which successfully predisposed them to S suis infection. The 2 streptococcal strains were differentiated by muramidase treatment, which released certain high molecular-weight proteins, termed muramidase-released proteins (MRP), from the cell wall of strain D-282, but not from the cell wall of strain T-15. Only strain D-282 (MRP-positive) induced clinical signs of disease and markedly increased neutrophil numbers in pigs. Streptococci were more frequently isolated from fecal swab specimens obtained from pigs inoculated with strain D-282 (MRP-positive) than from specimens obtained from pigs inoculated with strain T-15 (MRP-negative). Both strains were isolated from nasal swab specimens obtained from all infected pigs. Postmortem examination revealed fibrinopurulent meningitis, polyserositis, and polyarthritis in pigs inoculated with strain D-282; this strain was isolated from the CNS, serosae, visceral organs, heart, and joints. Whereas strains D-282 caused several pathologic changes, strain T-15, isolated from the lungs, caused only pneumonia. Both strains were isolated from the tonsils of all pigs. Virulence differed distinctly between the MRP-positive and the MRP-negative strains.
 ...
PMID:Differences in virulence between two strains of Streptococcus suis type II after experimentally induced infection of newborn germ-free pigs. 277 20

Bordetella pertussis Tohama phases I and III were grown to the late-exponential phase in liquid medium containing [3H]diaminopimelic acid and treated by a hot (96 degrees C) sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction procedure. Washed sodium dodecyl sulfate-insoluble residue from phases I and III consisted of complexes containing protein (ca. 40%) and peptidoglycan (60%). Subsequent treatment with proteinase K yielded purified peptidoglycan which contained N-acetylglucosamine, N-acetylmuramic acid, alanine, glutamic acid, and diaminopimelic acid in molar ratios of 1:1:2:1:1 and less than 2% protein. Radiochemical analyses indicated that 3H added in diaminopimelic acid was present in peptidoglycan-protein complexes and purified peptidoglycan as diaminopimelic acid exclusively and that pertussis peptidoglycan was not O acetylated, consistent with it being degraded completely by hen egg white lysozyme. Muramidase-derived disaccharide peptide monomers and peptide-cross-linked dimers and higher oligomers were isolated by molecular-sieve chromatography; from the distribution of these peptidoglycan fragments, the extent of peptide cross-linking of both phase I and III peptidoglycan was calculated to be ca. 48%. Unambiguous determination of the structure of muramidase-derived peptidoglycan fragments by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry indicated that the pertussis peptidoglycan monomer fraction was surprisingly homogeneous, consisting of greater than 95% N-acetylglucosaminyl-N-acetylmuramyl-alanyl-glutamyl-diaminopimelyl++ +-alanine.
 ...
PMID:Structure of Bordetella pertussis peptidoglycan. 288 47

The influence of extracts from oak bark, St. John's-wort leaves and pine buds on natural immunity characteristics of mice has been studied. The injection of these extracts into mice has been found to enhance their resistance to infection with Staphylococcus aureus and Bordetella pertussis virulent cultures, to decrease the enzymatic activity of 5'-nucleotidase in the peritoneal exudate macrophages of mice and to increase the level of lysozyme in their blood. The action of these extracts has proved to depend on their dosage and the time of observation.
 ...
PMID:[Action of plant extracts on the natural immunity indices of animals]. 301 9

Considerable changes in the humoral factors of the general and local immunity were revealed during examination of 53 patients. A raised IgA and IgM level and a lowered titer of normal antibodies to antitoxins of diphtheria and tetanus and to staphylococcus antigen were revealed in the patients' blood. The content for IgG, lysozyme and normal antibodies to the antigens of dysentery and whooping cough was normal. A significant rise of the level of IgA, IgG, titers of normal antibodies and a decrease in the lysozyme activity were observed in the saliva.
 ...
PMID:[Humoral factors of general and local immunity in diabetes mellitus]. 408 63

In previous studies, we used a photoactivable, radioiodinated lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derivative to define and characterize a specific bacterial endotoxic LPS-binding protein (p73) on mammalian lymphoreticular cells, including B and T lymphocytes and macrophages. More recently, using the same methodology, we characterized a specific interaction of LPS with the S2 subunit of Bordetella pertussis pertussis toxin (PT) in the fluid phase (M.-G. Lei and D. C. Morrison, J. Biol. Chem., 268:1488-1493, 1993). Furthermore, we showed that lysozyme (LZM) but not polymyxin B can compete with PT for binding to LPS in the fluid phase, a result suggesting that these two molecules compete for the same binding site on LPS. In this report, we demonstrate that the binding of PT to murine splenocytes (cell-bound PT) reduces the ability of the LPS photo-cross-linking probe to bind to the p73 receptor. The reduction can also be demonstrated with the PT B oligomer, a result indicating that the observed reduction of LPS binding to the p73 receptor by PT is A-protomer (S1-subunit) independent. More importantly, our studies document that cell-bound PT can be radiolabelled by the LPS probe, coincident with the observed reduction in p73 photoaffinity labelling. The preferential interaction of LPS with the PT S2 subunit in the fluid phase was, however, not observed with cell-bound PT. The reduction in radiolabelling of the p73 receptor by the LPS probe and in radiolabelling of cell-bound PT was shown to be concentration dependent. The data presented here document, however, that LZM does not reduce the ability of the LPS probe to bind to the p73 receptor on mouse splenocytes, nor does the presence of LZM bound to LPS influence the observed reduction in photoaffinity labelling of p73 by the LPS probe or radiolabelling of cell-bound PT by the LPS probe. Collectively, these results support the concept that the ability of LPS to interact with PT in the fluid phase is not responsible for the ability of cell-bound PT to influence the binding of the LPS probe to the p73 receptor. Thus, it is suggested that PT and LPS bind to different sites on the p73 molecule and that this same p73 protein may recognize both LPS and PT.
 ...
PMID:Evidence that lipopolysaccharide and pertussis toxin bind to different domains on the same p73 receptor on murine splenocytes. 768 Oct 44

A potent, humoral, bactericidal activity against Micrococcus luteus was discovered in pseudocoelomic fluid of the pig roundworm, Ascaris suum. The activity, which was not bacteriolytic, was not due to lysozyme or to a dietary antibiotic. It was not inactivated by exposure to 100 degrees C, to low or high pH, or to ethanol. Dialysis, electrophoresis and agar-diffusion experiments suggested that the main antibacterial activity in the fluid was associated with a basic substance of molecular weight somewhat less than 14,000 Da. Two other Gram-positive organisms, Bacillus megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus, were also killed by the Ascaris fluid, but the Gram-negative Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Bordetella bronchiseptica were insensitive.
 ...
PMID:Bactericidal activity in the pig roundworm Ascaris suum. 814 3


1 2 Next >>