Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two inbred strains of rat (Donryu and Sprague-Dawley strains) were developed. The skin reactions of these strains immunized with M. tuberculosis, hen egg albumin (OVA) or hen egg lysozyme and challenged with the purified protein derivative (PPD) or each antigen were even and uniform. The Donryu strain showed a typical Arthus reaction with petechiae and edema and a negligible delayed skin reaction, whereas the Sprague-Dawley strain showed a poor Arthus reaction and a typical delayed skin reaction with central necrosis and induration. The Arthus reaction or delayed skin reaction could be passively transferred to recipient rats of each strain by immune sera or sensitized peritoneal exudate cells (PEC), respectively.
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PMID:Development of two inbred strains of rats and characteristics of their skin reactions. 14 Jun 79

A statistically highly significant elevation of serum ACE was found in a group of 58 patients with sarcoidosis (serum ACE was elevated in 34% of patients), as compared with normal controls and patients with tuberculosis and various other common diseases. The results suggest that serum ACE is a useful aid for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis when elevated, but that a normal value does not rule out the condition and may occur in more than one-half of monitored patients. There is a trend to diminution of serum ACE with increasing duration of disease with or without steroid therapy, perhaps correlating with the total body mass of active granulomas, as indirectly suggested in preliminary data by correlation of serum ACE with serum globulin in 16 sarcoidosis patients. It is not yet clear whether there is any significant steroid effect on serum ACE, but a significant number of patients on steroid therapy for more than 2-4 yr have elevated serum ACE values, which in some instances are extremely high. There was a 12-fold elevation in ACE to specific activities generally exceeding those of normal lung in granulomatous lymph nodes of 14 patients with sarcoidosis, suggesting that sarcoid granulomas may be actively synthesizing ACE and resulting in elevation of serum ACE. Extensively fibrotic sarcoid lymph nodes had normal or slightly elevated ACE, suggesting that obliteration of granulomas in sarcoid lymph nodes diminishes their ACE content and that this obliteration may be related to the tendency to diminution of serum ACE with time. ACE was not elevated in one tuberculous lymph node or in experimental granulomas, suggesting that elevation of ACE may have some specificity for the granuloma of sarcoidosis rather than being a characteristic of all granulomas. The catalytic and physical properties of ACE in serum and lymph nodes in sarcoidosis were generally similar to normal ACE with respect to pH activity, modulators, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. However, sarcoid lymph node ACE appeared to be more heat labile than normal lung or lymph node ACE, suggesting the possibility that an abnormal ACE may be present in sarcoidosis. If an abnormal enzyme is indeed present, it might be coded for by a host gene that is not normally expressed or a nonhost gene or it might be a normal ACE that has been altered. No ACE activity was found in circulating white blood cells in sarcoidosis or in control subjects, suggesting that circulating white blood cells may not contain the epithelioid cell precursor or that ACE synthesis (or less likely, uptake) may be turned on at a later stage in the transformation. Lysozyme activity was also elevated in sarcoid lymph nodes. Serum ACE and serum lysozyme were significantly positively correlated in 16 sarcoidosis patients, suggesting a relationship between the two...
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PMID:Elevation of angiotensin-converting enzyme in granulomatous lymph nodes and serum in sarcoidosis: clinical and possible pathogenic significance. 18 95

Lysozyme activity of macrophages and giant cells in various human granulomas were examined with immunoperoxidase bridge method in tissue sections. Various numbers of epithelioid cells and giant cells of epithelioid cell granulomas of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis and Crohn's disease exhibited intense granular cytoplasmic lysozyme activity. Foreign body granulomas induced with various substances showed negative or faintly positive lysozyme stain. Macrophages and giant cells of aspergillus granuloma associated with thymus hypoplasia and T-cell depression contained no lysozyme. The results suggest that cell-mediated immunology plays an important role for the lysozyme synthesis of macrophages in granuloma.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical observation of lysozyme in macrophages and giant cells in human granulomas. 36 52

Serum lysozyme (muramidase) concentrations were determined in 55 patients with inflammatory bowel disease, 6 with miscellaneous bowel disease, 40 with pulmonary tuberculosis, and in 20 normal subjects. The mean (+/- SE) lysozyme concentration for each group was as follows: controls 6,95 +/- 0,36 microgram/ml; ulcerative colitis 9,61 +/- 1,02 microgram/ml; inactive Crohn's disease 7,61 +/- 0,53 microgram/ml; active Crohn's disease 20,77 +/- 2,17 microgram/ml; sputum-negative tuberculosis 13,05 +/- 1,06 microgram/ml; and sputum-positive tuberculosis 20,35 +/- 2,08 microgram/ml. The mean enzyme levels were significantly higher in patients with Crohn's disease than in those with ulcerative colitis (P less than 0,05) or in normal controls (P less than 0,01). Our findings suggest that serum lysozyme levels may be useful in differentiating active Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis, but the results overlap somewhat. However, the enzyme level may be a useful index of disease activity in following up patients with Crohn's disease. As tuberculosis is endemic in this country it must first be excluded, because patients with pulmonary tuberculosis have similarly high levels of serum lysozyme.
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PMID:Serum lysozyme in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. 60 77

Lysozyme content was measured in the plasma and pleural fluid of 110 patients with pleural effusions of various causes. The concentration of pleural fluid lysozyme was significantly higher (P less than .001) in patients with tuberculous pleurisy than in those with primary pulmonary carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma of the lung, connective tissue disease, nonspecific pleurisy, or congestive heart failure. Tuberculous patients also had a significantly higher (P less than .001) pleural fluid-to-plasma lysozyme ratio than did the other patients. Plasma lysozyme activity did not differ significantly among the various patient groups. Lysozyme was identified immunohistochemically in epithelioid cell granulomas in tuberculosis, in activated macrophages in lymph nodes adjacent to tuberculous lesions, and in granulocytes in pleural empyema. No lysozyme was detected in neoplastic cells in pulmonary carcinoma. The results show that the determination of pleural fluid lysozyme is a simple, fast method for obtaining corroborative information in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.
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PMID:Pleural fluid lysozyme in human disease. 76 Jun 86

The distribution of muramidase (lysozyme) in normal and pathological human tissues has been studied, using an immunohistological technique. The enzyme was demonstrated in a variety of healthy tissues, including serous salivary acinar cells, lactating mammary tissue, Paneth cells, renal tubular cells, myeloid cells (including eosinophils), and histiocytic cells. In pathological tissues the most striking positivity was encountered in reactive histiocytic cells in granulomatous conditions such as tuberculosis and Crohn's disease. The finding of this study are related to previous reports of the distribution of human and animal muramidase and the implications of patterns of muramidase staining in pathological histiocytes are briefly discussed.
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PMID:The distribution of muramidase (lysozyme) in human tissues. 109 17

A woman aged 31 years had been afflicted with mediastinal lymph node enlargement and hepatopathy for two years. Epithelioid-cell granulomatosis was diagnosed at another institute on the basis of biopsies taken from the liver and thoracic lymph nodes, resulting in the differential diagnosis of sarcoidosis or tuberculosis. Another biopsy was taken from enlarged cervical lymph nodes, after tuberculostatic therapy had remained unsuccessful and had not prevented deterioration of the patient's condition. We diagnosed from that biopsy the syncytial variant of nodular sclerosis of Hodgkin's disease. Immunohistochemically, the tumour cells exhibited positive reactions to antigens CD 15 and CD 30, whereas no evidence was provided to the presence of cytokeratins, lysozyme and S-100 protein. In grading, we associated our case with subtype 2 of nodular sclerosis and clinical stage II. Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy resulted in complete remission of the tumour disease. Presence of granulomatosis similar to sarcoidosis was confirmed by follow-up examination of the liver and lymph node biopsies which originally had been histopathologically examined at another institute. The question is discussed whether or not this granulomatous reaction reflected an increased immunological defence reaction of the organism to Hodgkin's disease and thus offered an explanation for the unexpected favourable course of the patient's disease.
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PMID:[Syncytial variant of the nodular sclerosing type of Hodgkin's disease in cervical lymph nodes with simultaneous sarcoidosis-like granulomatosis in the intrathoracic lymph nodes and liver]. 142 Jan 10

Rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis is essential, and therefore we use a polymerase chain reaction. In this report, we describe two cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis in childhood. Although histopathological findings were not specific for tuberculosis in both cases, distinct positive bands were amplified. For DNA diagnosis of tuberculosis, a lysis method of extracting chromosomal DNA from lipid-rich cell walls of mycobacteria is of critical importance. We made use of a simple lysozyme-proteinase K treatment for biopsied tissues. Although this extraction procedure was less efficient than those reported previously, it was considered sufficient for detecting mycobacterial DNA with the use of a highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that DNA amplification in combination with lysozyme lysis can be used routinely in clinical laboratories as a rapid and sensitive test for the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
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PMID:Polymerase chain reaction for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 151 57

Active tuberculosis (TB) and leprosy are difficult to diagnose early because there are few organisms to detect and the specific immune response does not distinguish between active and inactive disease. We developed an immunoassay for lysozyme to see whether serum lysozyme levels could be used to identify individuals with clinical leprosy or TB. The immunoassay for lysozyme proved superior to standard enzyme assays that were less sensitive and reliable. The lysozyme assay was compared with assays for antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and M. leprae phenolic glycolipid-1. The sera tested were from Ethiopian leprosy (paucibacillary and multibacillary) and TB patients and from healthy Ethiopian and U.S. controls. The lysozyme assay was able to detect more of the individuals with TB (sensitivity, 100% for 19 patients) or leprosy (sensitivity, 86% for 36 patients) than either antibody assay. In particular, lysozyme levels were raised in a higher proportion of the paucibacillary leprosy patients (83% of 17), for whom the antibody assays were less sensitive; the LAM IgG and the phenolic glycolipid-1 IgM levels were raised in only 62 and 44% of 16 patients, respectively. The data suggest that lysozyme measurements may be useful in the diagnosis of mycobacterial infections and other chronic infectious granulomatoses.
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PMID:Use of serum antibody and lysozyme levels for diagnosis of leprosy and tuberculosis. 158 6

An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was developed for detecting mycobacterial antibodies in the sera of 22 Macaca fascicularis following a natural outbreak of tuberculosis. EIAs were conducted using four antigens (lysozyme, triton, or deoxycholate extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or a purified protein derivative) and two conjugates (protein A or antihuman). Mycobacterial antibodies were detected in two of two culture-positive monkeys, in nine of ten tuberculin test-suspect monkeys (culture-negative), and in five of ten tuberculin test-negative monkeys (culture-negative). Results indicate EIA may be of practical value in detecting monkeys exposed to M. tuberculosis.
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PMID:Application of an enzyme immunoassay for detecting antibodies in sera of Macaca fascicularis naturally exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 180 12


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