Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Tumor cells in lymphogranulomatosis include Hodgkin's cells, Berezovsky-Shternberg cells and variants thereof representing a single population characterized by aneuploidy, polyploidy, and marker chromosomes. All cells of this clone are capable of DNA synthesis and mitotic division. As the disease progresses, the number of tumor cells increases gradually. Their origin is still obscure. The hypotheses of their origin from B-lymphocytes because of the presence in them of cytoplasmic and surface immunoglobulins and also from macrophages because cells of tissue culture from tumor nodes were found to have nonspecific esterase, lysozyme, capacity for phagocytosis seem to be substantiated.
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PMID:[Origin of the tumor cells in lymphogranulomatosis]. 704 46

The present study was carried out to compare radiological and physiological changes in sarcoidosis with biochemical markers for inflammatory cell populations. Of 53 patients with sarcoidosis, 28 had respiratory symptoms and 30 past or present bilateral hilar adenopathy without symptoms. A clinical score based on lung function tests and radiological findings correlated well with elevations of lysozyme and beta2-microglobulin in serum, indicating increased inflammatory cell activity in patients with more severe lung affection. A covariation between beta2-microglobulin and lysozyme was found, suggesting concomitant activation of macrophages and lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. Serum levels of lactoferrin were elevated in patients with a disease of short duration but did not correlate with the severity of the lung affection. The closing volume also seems to be abnormal in the early course of the disease, while elevated lysozyme and beta2-microglobulin levels rather seem to reflect the extent of the pulmonary affection.
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PMID:Indices of inflammatory cell activity and pulmonary function in different stages of sarcoidosis. 705 63

The authors evaluated the usefulness of paired pleural fluid and serum lysozyme determination in the differential diagnosis of pleurisies in 118 patients. Lysozyme activity of tuberculous effusions was found significantly higher (P less than 0.001) than that of effusions due to malignancy or heart failure, but considerable overlap of the individual values was observed. All patients with tuberculous pleurisy or tuberculous empyema, as well as a group of patients with suspected tuberculous effusion, had pleural fluid to serum lysozyme ratio of 1.0 or greater. In the remaining groups, only three patients, one with malignancy, one with lupus erythematosus, and one with sarcoidosis, exceeded this value. Their results suggest that pleural fluid to serum lysozyme ratio can be applied effectively in the differential diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy.
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PMID:Lysozyme (muramidase) in pleural effusions and serum. 713 19

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease of unknown etiology affecting all organ systems. Breast involvement accounts for less than 1 per cent of cases. In most cases systemic symptoms precede the finding of breast involvement. Involvement of the breast as the primary manifestation of this disease is a rare occurrence. A review of the literature shows a total of 29 cases published in the English language literature between 1921 and 1993. In these cases, less than a third had the breast as the primary organ involved. All cases of sarcoid breast disease presented as breast masses. Biopsy was done in most cases to rule out a malignant breast lesion. In four of the cases reviewed, sarcoid lesions and malignancy coexisted. Pathological features of sarcoidosis are typical for noncaseating lesion; however, differentiation from tuberculosis may be difficult. The PPD and Kviem test should be performed to help come to a diagnosis. Patients with primary breast involvement are highly likely to have subclinical pulmonary disease. Pulmonary function testing, serum lysozyme, and serum angiotensin-converting enzyme levels are helpful in assessing activity of the disease, and directing therapy. We present a case of sarcoidosis of the breast as the primary manifestation of sarcoidosis, and a review of the literature to illustrate these points.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis of the breast: case report and chart review. 766 74

Measurement of the pulmonary clearance of aerosolized 99Tcm-diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (99Tcm-DTPA) as a marker of pulmonary parenchymal damage was performed in 10 non-smokers with sarcoidosis, none of whom was on medication, and the results compared with 12 normal controls. Posterior images were obtained using a single-headed gamma camera, with the subjects in a supine position, for 30 min after inhalation of aerosolized 99Tcm-DTPA had ceased. The pulmonary clearance of 99Tcm-DTPA was significantly increased in the sarcoidosis patients (57.6 +/- 22.1 min in the right lung, 62.2 +/- 22.7 min in the left lung) compared with the controls (79.3 +/- 10.2 and 78.4 +/- 7.7 min in the right and left lungs, respectively) (P < 0.05). Six of the 10 patients with sarcoidosis showed levels of pulmonary clearance, in both the right and left lungs, below the 95.5% confidence limit (mean +/- 2 S.D.) for the controls. Increased pulmonary clearance of 99Tcm-DTPA was also found in 2 of 4 patients with stage I sarcoidosis. No relationship was found between the pulmonary clearance of 99Tcm-DPTA and inflammatory markers (ACE, lysozyme) in the serum.
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PMID:Increased pulmonary clearance of aerosolized 99Tcm-DTPA in patients with a subset of stage I sarcoidosis. 767 59

A 60-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of progressive cough and chest pain for 2 months. She also complained of exertional dyspnea. Bilateral diffuse infiltlative shadows were found on the chest roentogenogram. Ground-glass opacity in the middle lobe and lingula, and subpleural patchy consolidation were seen on the computed tomogram of the chest. Arterial oxygenation and diffusing capacity were low. The level of angiotensin-converting enzyme in serum was normal, but that of lysozyme was high. In the BAL (broncho-alveolar lavage) fluid, total cell count and the number of lymphocytes were high, and the CD 4/8 ratio of the lymphocytes was high. Open lung biopsy revealed numerous confluent sarcoid granulomas with necrosis, which strongly correlated with severe vasculitis. After necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis was diagnosed, prednisolone was administered, which resulted in improvement of symptoms and disappearance of chest-radiograph shadows. Necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis may be seen as a variant type of sarcoidosis. However, clinical findings including the chest-radiograph shadows and clinical course of this case differ from those of ordinary sarcoidosis. These clinical findings can be attributed to severe vasculitis, as revealed by histological examination.
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PMID:[A case of necrotizing sarcoid granulomatosis]. 773 Nov 25

A 29-year-old man was referred to our hospital because of exertional dyspnea and progressive eruption on the buttocks and the lower extremities. Chest roentgenograms and computed tomograms taken at that time revealed diffuse fibrotic changes accompanied by multiple cavities and bullae in the lungs. There were no signs of mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. A chest roentgenogram taken 7 years before admission showed no abnormalities. Serum ACE and lysozyme levels were high: 29.9 IU/l and 14.1 micrograms/ml, respectively. 67Ga scintigraphy showed diffuse uptake in both lung fields. The PPD skin test was negative, and repeated sputum smears and cultures were negative for pyogenic bacteria and acid-fast bacilli. Examination of transbronchial lung biopsy and skin biopsy specimens confirmed the diagnosis--they showed noncaseating epithelioid granulomas with giant cells and a negative reaction of the stain to acid-fast bacilli, which are compatible with sarcoidosis. The patient was given 30 mg/d of prednisone orally. The dyspnea and eruption were clearly alleviated, although there was little roentgenographic regression of cystic or fibrotic changes. There have been only a few reports of cystic and fibrotic changes early in the course of sarcoidosis. The cystic lesions in this case were probably secondary pulmonary cavities caused by the contracting and obstructive changes related to pulmonary fibrosis.
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PMID:[A case of sarcoidosis with advanced cystic and fibrotic changes in a young patient]. 773 83

We investigated phenotypic surface markers of peripheral blood lymphocytes including expression of gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR gamma delta) in 185 patients with sarcoidosis and 42 normal subjects. The proportion of TCR gamma delta+ lymphocytes in peripheral blood of patients with sarcoidosis (5.5 +/- 5.4%) was significantly higher than in normal subjects (3.6 +/- 2.2%; p < 0.05). A number of patients with sarcoidosis had prominently increased levels of circulating TCR gamma delta+ lymphocytes. Successive measurements of circulating TCR gamma delta+ lymphocytes demonstrated the persistence of increased levels of circulating TCR gamma delta+ lymphocytes. We divided the patients with sarcoidosis into two groups, one with high, the other with low TCR gamma delta+ expression. Compared with the low-value group, the high-value group had significantly decreased levels of circulating CD4+ lymphocytes, decreased incidence of a positive tuberculin reaction, and higher levels of serum angiotensin-converting enzyme and lysozyme, suggesting that these two groups may differ in their immunological response and disease activity of sarcoidosis. Measurement of TCR gamma delta+ expression in the circulation seems to be useful for estimating the disease activity of sarcoidosis.
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PMID:Circulating gamma delta-T-cell-receptor-positive lymphocytes in sarcoidosis. 778 15

Forty-seven patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis stage II-III, fulfilling clinical indications for starting treatment with corticosteroids, received oral methylprednisolone for 8 weeks in gradually decreasing doses (starting dose 48 mg per day). From week 5 onwards, they also received inhaled budesonide, 1.6 mg daily. Treatment was continued for 18 months and all patients have been followed for at least 3 years. At 18 months treatment could be discontinued in 38 patients, who had used individually adjusted doses of budesonide depending on the clinical response (reduced doses in 14, initial dose in 16, and increased doses in 8 patients). Budesonide treatment alone was satisfactory in 31 of these 38 cases. An additional seven patients could stop treatment after receiving supplementary courses of oral steroids for 3-12 months. Treatment is ongoing in 9 patients in which 6 have extrapulmonary manifestations requiring oral steroids. The chest radiograph became normal in 22 patients and improved in 14. Significant improvements were noted in FVC and DLco in relation to predicted normal values. Serum ACE, lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin values decreased significantly. Transient cough was seen in 5 and hoarseness in 3 patients. No systemic side-effects were noted; one patient taking 2.4 mg budesonide daily had a plasma cortisol value below the normal range. Inhaled budesonide seems to offer an effective and safe alternative to oral steroids for long-term maintenance treatment of patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
Sarcoidosis 1994 Sep
PMID:Inhaled budesonide for maintenance treatment of pulmonary sarcoidosis. 780 97

The clinical laboratory has a significant role in sarcoidosis. We summarized the biochemical data of laboratory tests in serum of patients with sarcoidosis. To clarify their importance, we put emphasis on the following aspects, including: 1. The data reflecting pathophysiology of sarcoidosis, such as angiotensin converting enzyme, lysozyme, adenosine deaminase, beta 2-microglobulin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1, 2. The data resulting from organ involvement, such as amylase, LDH, and Ca, 3. The data serving as an indicator of disease activity, 4. The data related to prognostic outcome, Keeping these differences in mind helps us make the best use of the clinical data of sarcoidosis.
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PMID:[The significance of biochemical data of patients with sarcoidosis]. 791 76


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