Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two groups of sarcoidosis patients were studied. One group of 24 patients had previously had erythema nodosum (EN+), and the other group of 54 patients had never had any such extrathoracic manifestation of the disease (EN-). The two groups were similar with respect to age, disease duration, chest radiographic appearance, and granuloma mass as estimated from the serum concentration of lysozyme. Neutrophil phagocytic function was studied by a kinetic method which allows distinction between Fc- and C3b-receptor-mediated uptake. Fc-receptor function was normal in both groups. The function of C3b receptors was normal in the EN+ groups but significantly reduced in the EN- group. This observation indicates that sarcoidosis associated with erythema nodosum may represent a separate disease entity with respect to the pathogenetic mechanism involved in granuloma formation.
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PMID:C3b receptor-mediated phagocytosis in sarcoidosis with extra-thoracic manifestations. 293 19

The proliferation of lymphocytes induced by Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) was measured by the in vitro incorporation of 3H-thymidine. The mean response rate of alveolar lymphocytes obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage was 2.23 +/- 0.89 in nine untreated sarcoidosis patients, 0.85 +/- 0.17 in five sarcoidosis patients given corticosteroids and 0.78 +/- 0.29 in 11 controls. The proliferation was significantly enhanced in the untreated patients compared to both the treated patients (p less than 0.01) and controls (p less than 0.001), but there was no significant difference in response rates between the treated patients and controls. The response rate of alveolar lymphocytes was significantly higher in four active patients (3.05 +/- 0.61) than in four inactive patients (1.77 +/- 0.44) (p less than 0.05) and in the controls (p less than 0.001). In sarcoidosis patients, the response rates showed a good correlation with activities of serum lysozyme (r = 0.695, p less than 0.01), and with percentages of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (r = 0.591, p less than 0.05). There was a low correlation between angiotensin-converting enzyme activities and the response rates (r = 0.508, p less than 0.1). Neither peripheral blood lymphocytes in sarcoidosis patients nor in controls showed any response to P. acnes, but alveolar lymphocytes of the untreated active sarcoidosis patients were sensitive to P. acnes. The lymphocytes activated by P. acnes may play a central role in the induction of alveolitis in sarcoidosis patients.
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PMID:Alveolar lymphocyte proliferation induced by Propionibacterium acnes in sarcoidosis patients. 302 53

The clinical course of sarcoidosis is varying and unpredictable. Once the diagnosis has been made, the clinician needs simple tests to detect and predict remission or progression, to determine whether treatment is effective or not, and to assess the clinical activity of the disease. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease, but the lungs are almost always involved. Traditionally, the clinical management has therefore included chest X-rays and lung function studies. Extrapulmonary lesions have been followed in different ways. Sensitive and reproducible biochemical tests would be helpful in evaluating the clinical course of patients with sarcoidosis, if they measure functions related to the granulomatous inflammation. This review will deal with measurements of serum and urinary calcium, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. The usefulness of single and serial determinations of lysozyme, angiotensin converting enzyme, beta 2-microglobulin, collagenase, carboxypeptidase and glucuronidase in serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and other biological fluids will be discussed.
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PMID:Biochemical markers in sarcoidosis. 302 7

Giant-cell myocarditis is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by degeneration and necrosis of myocardial fibers and presence of chronic inflammatory infiltrates associated with multinucleated giant cells forming a granulomatous inflammatory reaction. The etiology of giant-cell myocarditis is unknown. Many conditions have been reported as associated with this phenomenon such as fungi, virus, sarcoidosis, and hypersensitivity or autoimmune reactions. We are reporting a case of giant-cell myocarditis discovered in a newborn with congenital herpetic sepsis. The myogenic origin of the giant-cells of this case is supported by the positivity for desmin and myoglobin and negativity for muramidase and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin after immunoperoxidase procedure. The presence of Herpes simplex virus type II was confirmed by indirect immunoperoxidase reaction in most of the viscera including the heart, but is not considered a factor in the production of giant cells.
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PMID:Giant-cell myocarditis in a newborn with congenital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection: an immunohistochemical study on the origin of the giant cells. 329 30

1 alpha,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3, the active form of vitamin D3, induced maturation of circulating monocytes to form macrophage-epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells in vitro. Calcitriol not only promoted the differentiation of monocytes, as shown by the marked morphological changes and enhanced secretion of lysozyme, but also induced their prominent proliferation, as exhibited by enhanced DNA synthesis and the increased number of monocyte cell nuclei. The proliferation of monocytes was observed after the addition of physiological concentrations of calcitriol. Multinucleated giant cells were frequently observed among the monocytes. These marked morphological changes and the proliferation of monocytes were not observed in control cultures, which did not include calcitriol. These results indicate that calcitriol plays a critical role in the formation of the sarcoid granuloma and give an explanation of some of the clinical findings on sarcoidosis. In view of the evidence that sarcoid macrophages convert 25(OH)D3 to calcitriol, our results raise the possibility that the active metabolite of vitamin D3, which may be produced by macrophage-epithelioid cells, induces the differentiation and proliferation of circulating monocytes into macrophage-epithelioid cells, which in turn form sarcoidosis granulomas. This autostimulation mechanism of sarcoid granuloma formation may provide a model for future studies.
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PMID:In vitro formation of macrophage-epithelioid cells and multinucleated giant cells by 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 from human circulating monocytes. 346 Mar 80

The levels of lysozyme (LZM) and beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) were measured in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum of 32 patients with sarcoidosis, 20 of whom had neurosarcoidosis. LZM was analyzed by a new radioimmunoassay (RIA) modification. CSF LZM was elevated in 15 of 20 patients with neurosarcoidosis but in only 4 of 12 patients with extraneural sarcoidosis. CSF beta 2m values were elevated in 13 of 19 and in one of 11 patients, respectively. In neurosarcoidosis, both CSF LZM and beta 2m correlated to CSF leucocytes but not significantly to CSF albumin thus suggesting that LZM and beta 2m were secreted from cells within the central nervous system (CNS). In patients with sarcoidosis, elevations of CSF LZM and beta 2m revealed disease activity in the CNS. Both analyses were also useful in the follow-up of neurosarcoidosis.
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PMID:Cerebrospinal fluid lysozyme and beta 2-microglobulin in neurosarcoidosis. 351 36

The lysozyme activity in tissue samples from patients with lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei (LMDF), sarcoidosis and foreign body granuloma was investigated using the immunoperoxidase technique. The majority of epithelioid cells and giant cells in LMDF and sarcoidosis showed strong lysozyme staining in their cytoplasm. However, most macrophages and giant cells in foreign body granulomas, including granulomatous reactions to epidermal cysts and other foreign materials, stained weakly for lysozyme or were negative. These results suggest that LMDF is different from the foreign body reaction to inert substances, and may be induced by an immunological mechanism associated with cell-mediated immunity.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of lysozyme in lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei. 352 52

Sarcoid granulomata were found incidentally in the mammary lobules adjacent to an excised fibroadenoma in a case of sarcoidosis of the breast. The diagnosis of sarcoidosis was established by the radiological finding of bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, raised concentrations of serum angiotensin converting enzyme and lysozyme, and, finally, by a positive Kveim test.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis of the breast. 370 Jun 75

In the deteriorating group of sarcoidosis patients, progress towards pulmonary fibrosis is a major problem. In order to benefit from corticosteroids, it is important for the treatment to start early. We studied a group of 45 patients with sarcoidosis. Most of them were newly detected patients and none were under or had currently received corticosteroid therapy. The patients were followed for at least six months. We found that increased amounts of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) or lysozyme-positive macrophages (Lys+MF) and mast cells (MC) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) could implicate a bad prognosis.
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PMID:Mast cells and lysozyme positive macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage from patients with sarcoidosis. Valuable prognostic and activity marking parameters of disease? 377 90

The disease activity in five patients with sarcoidosis were studied by "conventional" tests over a period of 1 to 3 years. The value of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity was examined for its usefulness in predicting disease activity. Gallium scans were positive in 4 of the 5 patients, serum lysozyme in three patients, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) lymphocytes were elevated in five patients (three greater than 27%), serum ACE was elevated in one patient and the chest roentgenogram had deteriorated in one patient. Pulmonary function tests were unchanged in all five patients. Patients were ranked in order of activity based on these "conventional" tests. The ranking of activity correlated with the ACE activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage when expressed per micrograms lavage protein. Control subjects had a BAL ACE activity of 7.8 +/- 4.5 units/micrograms protein (p less than 0.05). There was no significant difference in the lavage protein in the control (29 +/- 24 micrograms/ml) compared to the sarcoidosis patients (31 +/- 6 micrograms/ml). We concluded that: (1) the changes in ACE activity in bronchoalveolar lavage represents a real increase in production or decreased clearance of ACE by the lung; (2) BAL ACE is not elevated due to increased permeability of pulmonary capillaries; (3) BAL ACE is a useful measure of disease activity in sarcoidosis patients.
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PMID:Bronchioalveolar angiotensin converting enzyme activity. Value in assessing disease activity in sarcoidosis. 609 25


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