Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique and antibodies to myoglobin, desmin, CLA, NSE, GFAP, keratin, fibronectin, alpha 1AT, lysozyme, S-100 protein, vimentin, cytokeratin, actin, the authors studied 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) histopathologically diagnosed previously. Thirty-six cases showed both myoglobin and desmin positive stain, an objective evidence of the origin from skeletal muscles. The other 24 cases were identified as of non-skeletal muscle origin, including MFH, lymphoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, malignant neurilemmoma, leiomyosarcoma etc. This study strongly suggests that histologic examination of RMS may lead to incorrect diagnosis. Histologically MFH and other types of spindle cell sarcomas invading normal skeletal muscles may be confused with pleomorphic RMS, lymphoma and neuroblastoma may be confused with embryonic RMS. Our findings indicate that myoglobin is a highly sensitive and specific tumor marker for RMS.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical differential diagnosis of 60 cases of rhabdomyosarcoma]. 166 97

An analysis was made of the rhabdomyosarcomas diagnosed in the Dept. of Pathology of the University of Groningen between 1971 and 1983. Ten cases diagnosed in patients over 30 years of age were studied in detail. After review the diagnosis was discarded on morphologic criteria in all cases. In 9 cases it was changed into malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) and in one case this diagnosis was favoured, but inconclusive. In 5 cases immunohistochemical studies could be performed. In all cases staining for the muscle specific intermediate filaments desmin appeared negative and for the mesenchymal intermediate filaments vimentin positive. These cases were also positive for one or more of the histiocytic markers alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-1-antitrypsin and lysozyme. It is concluded that rhabdomyosarcoma in older patients is extremely rare and the possible relationship between MFH in the adult and rhabdomyosarcoma in childhood is discussed.
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PMID:The rarity of rhabdomyosarcomas in the adult. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study. 241 57

We have studied the possible origin of histiocytic cells, present in fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) by using immunohistochemistry to demonstrate lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and receptors for peanut and soy bean agglutinin in tumour cells of MFH compared with their presence in tumour cells of malignant histiocytosis (MH) ('true' histiocytic lymphoma, 'true' histiocytic sarcoma). We included in this study a number of other soft tissue tumours (STT). Lysozyme was detected in half of the cases of malignant histiocytosis (n = 16) but in only two out of 77 MFH. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin usually occurred together although the latter was seen in more cases. Both markers were present in majority of cases of MH whereas they were detected in a minority of cases of MFH. MFH cases of the storiform subtype were less frequently stained than the pleomorphic or giant cell subtypes. Receptors for peanut or soy bean agglutinin were detected in nearly all MH cases, whereas their presence was only detected in a small number of MFH. Lysozyme was not detectable in other STT. alpha 1-Antitrypsin and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin were uncommonly present in other STT, except in osteosarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. These markers therefore have a limited value as indicators of a possible histiocytic origin of MFH. Lectins showed weak affinity for other STT. In accordance with others, we therefore conclude that the progenitor cell of MFH has to be sought within the undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and that histiocytes themselves probably do not give rise to MFH.
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PMID:Characterization of tumour cells in malignant fibrous histiocytomas and other soft tissue tumours in comparison with malignant histiocytes. I. Immunohistochemical study on paraffin sections. 299 65

Malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) belong to the most frequent soft tissue tumours in adults and have to be discriminated from other tumours with similar morphology. Various tumour markers aid the differential diagnosis. Twenty cases of MFH were studied immunohistochemically using antibodies to vimentin, TPA, desmin, lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, S-100 protein, neurone-specific enolase (NSE), laminin, fibronectin and ferritin. Vimentin and lysozyme were found in the tumour cells of all, alpha 1-antitrypsin of 18, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin of 19, fibronectin of 16 and ferritin of 12 cases. Antibodies of TPA, desmin, S-100 protein, NSE and laminin did not reveal positive immunoreactivity. Exclusion of spindle-cell carcinoma can be made by positive vimentin and negative TPA reactivity, of melanoma by negative S-100 reactivity, and of leio- and rhabdomyosarcoma by lack of desmin immunoreactivity. Schwannomas contain S-100 protein, but lack lysozyme, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and fibronectin. Pleomorphic liposarcomas cannot be distinguished from MFH on the basis of immunohistochemical staining. Vimentin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and fibronectin can, therefore, be regarded as useful markers in the differential diagnosis of MFH.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical studies in the differential diagnosis of malignant fibrous histiocytoma]. 302 16

Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone is extremely rare. A 60-year-old woman had a mass in the right femur that was studied immunohistochemically and by electron microscopy. Human smooth-muscle actomyosin was detected in tumor cells, but human skeletal-muscle myoglobin and lysozyme (muramidase) were not. Electron microscopy of the tumor showed findings suggestive of a smooth-muscle origin, such as myofilaments, dense bodies, pinocytotic vesicles, and basement membrane. The results were diagnostic of leiomyosarcoma rather than rhabdomyosarcoma, fibrosarcoma, or malignant fibrous histiocytoma, which are similar neoplasms. We believe that ours is the first case of primary leiomyosarcoma of the bone proved by immunohistochemistry.
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PMID:Primary leiomyosarcoma of bone. An immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study. 668 70

Angiomatoid "malignant" fibrous histiocytoma (AMFH) has been considered to be a low-grade sarcoma of childhood, and, with its fibrous pseudocapsule, angiomatoid change, dense lymphoplasmacytic response, and proliferation of spindled or round cells, has been classified as a fibrohistiocytic neoplasm. We wanted to study the clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic features of a large number of these tumors and to especially further explore their myoid differentiation. Cases coded as AMFH from 1979 to 1995 were retrieved from the Soft Tissue Registry of the AFIP. Only cases that met the criteria for AMFH by light microscopy were included, a total of 158 cases. Immunohistochemistry was obtained on 98 cases. Clinical history on 92% of all cases revealed a gender ratio of 1.3 females: males, age range of 2 to 71 years, median size of 2.0 cm, and a distribution of extremities > trunk > head and neck, with 66% lesions occurring in areas of normal lymphoid tissue. All tumors with available margins were well-circumscribed. Eighty percent of cases had some degree of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration; 50% cases had pseudovascular spaces filled with blood. Fifty-two percent had predominantly round cell morphology; 48% had a predominantly spindle cell pattern. Desmin positivity was noted in 51% cases and occurred in both predominantly round cell and spindle cell tumors. Most of the desmin-positive cases with adjacent lymphoid infiltrate (67%) showed scattered similar, desmin-positive cells in the surrounding lymphoid infiltrate, adjacent to the tumor. Muscle-specific and smooth-muscle actins were seen in 14% cases. Heavy-caldesmon was strongly positive in 3%, and calponin was focally positive in 73% and extensively positive in 12% cases. MyoD1, myoglobin, and myogenin (myf4) were negative in all tumors studied. Forty-five percent of cases were positive for CD99; 52% of these had round cell morphology. Fifteen percent of cases were positive for KP-1. All tumors were positive for vimentin and negative for CD21, CD35, S100 protein, CD34, keratins 8/18, and lysozyme. Clinical follow-up on 86 patients indicated that only 1 patient was alive with a local nodal metastasis (1% frequency of metastasis) within 1 year, and 2 others had local recurrence, all over a mean follow-up period of 6 years. The myoid, primarily myofibroblastic, phenotype of these lesions is supported by desmin, calponin, and occasional actin positivity. The occasional heavy-caldesmon and smooth muscle actin additionally suggest rare smooth muscle phenotype; however, lack of skeletal muscle markers indicate no relationship of AMFH to skeletal muscle tumors. The resemblance of these lesions to lymph nodes, clinically and morphologically, the finding of similar desmin positive cells in the adjacent lymphoid infiltrate, and the fact that 66% cases were found in sites of normal lymphoid tissue raise the possibility that some of these lesions may arise from or be related to myoid cells of lymphoid tissue. AMFH has an almost invariably benign behavior, but the 1% metastatic rate warrants its classification as low-grade "malignant." The predominantly round cell, CD99-positive and desmin positive AMFH cases, respectively, should not be confused with Ewing's sarcoma/PNET or rhabdomyosarcoma, respectively.
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PMID:Angiomatoid "malignant" fibrous histiocytoma: a clinicopathologic study of 158 cases and further exploration of the myoid phenotype. 1057 14