Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A group of 238 dogs with various infectious and parasitic disease, in which suppressed activity of the immune system could e presumed, was examined using a set of immunological methods. The frequency and depth of immunosuppression and its association with certain infectious or parasitic disease were determined. Marked immunosuppression was found 62 (26%) of the dogs examined. Dogs with distemper, parvovirosis and German Shepherd dog pyoderma (GSP) were the most severely impaired. Dogs in acute phases of distemper or parvovirosis had decreased numbers and activity of lymphocytes and decreased immunoglobulin levels. Dogs with GSP had some of the following immunologic symptoms: inhibition of phagocytosis, reduced activity of lymphocytes, decreased levels of haemolytic complement and increased levels of immunoglobulin and lysozyme. A persistent immunosuppression was found in 12 dogs. These dogs were diagnosed with deep pyoderma, giardiasis, dermatophytosis or neoplasms. Although samples were not taken before the clinical diseases appeared, it can be presumed that some diseases caused immunosuppression (distemper or parvovirosis), and for other diseases immunosuppression was a predisposing factor (dermatophytosis, giardiasis and possibly GSP).
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PMID:Secondary immunodeficiency in dogs with enteric, dermatologic, infectious or parasitic diseases. 971 65

Parasitic infections in teleost fish are limited by constitutive innate defence mechanisms that render the host refractory or reduce the severity of infection. Controlled challenge trials using naive animals provide indirect evidence of innate immunity as well as identifying the host range or specificity of a parasite, often when specific details of defence mechanism(s) are lacking. Examples of parasites for which innate immunity may be inferred from cross-infectivity studies include Gyrodactylus spp., Lepeophtheirus salmonis, Cryptobia spp., Trypanosoma spp., Ceratomyxa shasta, Myxobolus cerebralis and Kudoa thyrsites. Recent studies however, have begun to clarify the relative roles of innate and acquired immunity against parasitic infection in teleosts by recognizing the presence and significance of specific innate effector mechanisms. The physico-chemical characeristics of skin mucus, the presence of bioactive substances including lysozyme, complement, C-reactive protein, haemolysins and lectins and the epidermal migration of inflammatory cells and their secretions may affect the establishment and proliferation of ectoparasitic copepods, ciliates or monogenea. Similarly in refractory species, haematozoic parasites are lysed via the alternative complement pathway and in susceptible and refractory hosts, protease inhibitors associated with the plasma neutralize proteolytic virulence factors. Detailed knowledge of innate resistance mechanisms against histiozoic parasites are lacking although non-specific cytotoxic lymphoid cells and macrophages probably play a role. The demonstration in certain disease models that innate resistance traits are under genetic control and may be inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion suggests opportunities for selective breeding for resistance against parasitic disease. Beyond a small number of well-described models however, research programs focussing on innate immunity against parasites in fish are lacking. Given the relative importance of innate immunity in fish, particularly as disease losses continue to have an economic impact in aquaculture, this area deserves considerable attention.
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PMID:The occurrence and mechanisms of innate immunity against parasites in fish. 1160 99