Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum lysozyme activity has been determined in patients suffering from myeloproliferative diseases, chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML), acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML), chronic lymphatic leukaemia (CLL) and pancytopenia (P). Lysozyme activity was tested in undiluted and tenfold diluted sera. Increased lysozyme activity was found in patients with CML and CLI, whereas there was no change in patients with AML and P. Dilution of sera enhanced lysozyme activity. These data may indicate the presence of inhibitor in the sera tested. The diagnostic significance of the presented findings is discussed.
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PMID:Serum lysozyme activity in some myeloproliferative diseases. 27 10

Lysozyme activity was studied in blood smears, serum, and urine of patients suffering from leukaemia or other haematological diseases. Increased enzyme activity was found in myelocytic, myelomonocytic and monocytic leukaemia and equally in secondary granulocytosis and polycythaemia vera. Reduced rates were found in lymphocytie leukaemia, malignant lymphoma with bone marrow involvement, and myelophthisic conditions. A rise in urinary lysozyme occurred when the serum level exceeded 50 microgram/ml. Abundant activities were found in myelomonocytic and monocytic leukaemias. Using the bacteriolytic method in blood smears, no enzyme activity was demonstrated in cells of acute or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, in monocytic leukaemia however, almost all cells show strong reaction. In acute myelocytic or myelomonocytic leukaemia, the portion of positive cells changes from case to case depending on the degree of cell differentiation and maturation. In chronic myelocytic leukaemia there was no difference as compared to enzyme activity of myelocytes in bone marrow of control cases. Thus the bacteriolytic demonstration of lysozyme in blood smears may additionally contribute to distinction of different types of blastic leukaemias, and serum lysozyme also may allow more reliable insight into granulocytic and monocytic myelopoiesis than morphologic studies of blood or bone marrow smears can do, e.g. in agranulocytosis and pancytopenia.
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PMID:[Studies of lysozyme activity in serum, urine and blood smears from patients with haematological diseases]. 40 56

In 18 patients with bone marrow aplasia with pancytopenia lysozyme activity and unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity in the serum were determined. These investigations, together with determinations of peripheral blood polymorphonuclear count, were done again after prednisone administration. In all cases a significant fall was found in the NZW vit B12 and LZM activity in the serum. A slight rise in the polymorphonuclear count in the 24th hour of the study was associated with a rise in the NZW wit. B12 in the serum, and decreased LZM activity. This confirmed the previously demonstrated complex character of corticosteroid action on the system of polymorphonuclears. These results point also to the usefulness of determination of unsaturated vitamin B12-binding capacity for evaluating the value of the total granulocyte pool in granulocytopenia.
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PMID:[Lysozyme activity (LZM) and unsaturated vitamin B-12-binding capacity (NZW vit B-12) in the serum following prednisone administration in patients with bone marrow aplasia with pancotypenia]. 73 10

Three cases of malignant histiocytosis were immunohistochemically studied. The cases included the following three patients: a 38-year-old man, a 44-year-old man, and a girl aged 5 years 9 months. All three patients died within 3 months of hospitalization. They had a high fever (temperature over 38.5 degrees C), lymph node swelling, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. Blastoid and hemophagocytic cells proliferated in the bone marrow and lymph nodes, especially in the sinuses of the latter. We diagnosed malignant histiocytosis in the three cases based on clinical features, extremely poor prognoses, and the morphologic features and growth pattern of blastoid and hemophagocytic cells. Blastoid and hemophagocytic cells expressed phenotype Mac-387+/KP1+/lysozyme+/polyclonal CD3+. The Mac-387 and KP1 antigens and lysozyme are markers for monocytes/macrophages, and polyclonal CD3 is a marker for T lymphocytes. Therefore, we suggest that a certain number of cases of malignant histiocytosis have a biphenotypic nature, namely, the T cell and macrophage, although many cases of malignant histiocytosis have been reported as expressing only T-lymphocyte antigens.
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PMID:Malignant histiocytosis. A report of three cases. 133 45

This report describes three cases of acute malignant myelofibrosis characterized by pancytopenia, absence of splenomegaly, bone marrow fibrosis with an immature cell proliferation and rapidly fatal outcome. The authors investigated the origin of blast cells with the use of immunohistochemical markers on paraffin embedded material with anti-factor VIII, BNH9 and anti-lysozyme. They studied the expression of megakaryoblastic, erythroblastic and myeloblastic differentiation in these cells. They demonstrated the heterogeneity of blast cells which are capable of differentiating along the three hematologic cell lines. The morphometric study showed the mutilating or systematized character of myelofibrosis. The increase in reticulin fiber density compared with normal bone marrow was not significantly different from two other types of myelofibrosis. It would be interesting to correlate a quantitative parameter with the course of this disease in order to evaluate the prognosis and the treatment.
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PMID:[Acute malignant myelofibrosis. Report of 3 cases]. 192 69

We examined fourteen patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) according to the following staging criteria at diagnosis; Group A: bone marrow (BM) blast less than 5% (eight cases), Group B; BM blast more than 5% and less than 30% (five cases), Group C; BM blast more than 30% (one case). Compared with Group A, Group B patients have much more peripheral blood leukocyte, granulocyte and monocyte counts, LDH level, and serum and urine lysozyme levels. Two of the five Group B cases transformed to acute leukemia (BC) within one and a half year, and other three patients died of infection and hemorrhage within a year. On the contrary, three of the eight Group A patients survived four years, and transformation to acute leukemia occurred in only one case after four years. Autopsy revealed multiple organ infiltration of monocytoid granulocytes on the patients with advanced stage and more bone marrow blasts. Two cases have coexistence of myeloproliferative disorders, one with essential thrombocythemia, and another with myelofibrosis, which, later, transformed to acute leukemia. And a Group C patient transformed to chronic phase with chemotherapy, and maintained the state for six years, but at the end stage, mature monocytes increased and pancytopenia developed. These findings indicate the heterogeneity of CMMoL in respect of the disease stage and the coexistence of other myeloproliferative disorders.
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PMID:[Clinical study on heterogeneity of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia]. 207 27

Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FEL), a rare, rapidly fatal childhood disease, is characterized by fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and widely disseminated lymphohistiocytic infiltrates with prominent erythrophagocytosis. Immunophenotypic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural studies of two siblings with FEL were performed in an effort to determine the nature of the proliferating histiocyte of FEL. These studies demonstrated that the FEL histiocytes lack S-100 protein, T6, and Birbeck granules, which are found in Langerhans and interdigitating dendritic cells. The FEL histiocytes express alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, Leu-M3, HLA-DR, and, variably, lysozyme and Leu-M1. Thus, the proliferating histiocyte of FEL is a member of the mononuclear phagocytic system and has a phenotype similar to that of the histiocytes that normally populate the sinuses of benign and reactive lymph nodes. These studies suggest that FEL may represent uncontrolled proliferation of sinusoidal histiocytes.
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PMID:Familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: immunophenotypic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural demonstration of the relation to sinus histiocytes. 308 Mar 65

Tissue specimens obtained at autopsy from seven childhood cases of malignant histiocytosis were studied by immunohistochemistry. Clinically, the majority of the cases showed sustained fever, hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, and DIC. The pretreatment diagnosis was based on their typical clinical manifestations and bone marrow smear findings. Although three patients temporarily responded to exchange transfusion and chemotherapy, all seven patients eventually died of active disease. Postmortem examination revealed the proliferation of atypical histiocytes appearing in variable degrees of maturation in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen, bone marrow, lungs, and central nervous system. Immunohistochemical staining for lysozyme, nonspecific cross-reacting antigen (NCA), alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1 AT), alpha and beta subunits of S100 protein (S100 alpha, beta), and concanavalin A receptors (ConAR) in cytoplasm demonstrated the presence of two subtypes of malignant histiocytes, ie, S100 beta+/NCA-/ConAR+ (4 cases) and S100 beta-/NCA+/ConA R+ (three cases). The results of lysozyme, alpha 1 AT, and S100 alpha staining were inconsistent. A survey of the literature disclosed that the incidence of S100 protein-positive cases in children was higher than in adults (12/21 v 5/19; chi 2, P less than .05). Further large scale investigation is necessary to confirm the independence and significance of these two subtypes of histiocytes in malignant histiocytosis.
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PMID:Malignant histiocytosis in childhood: clinical, cytochemical, and immunohistochemical studies of seven cases. 337 90

A 71-year-old male presenting high fever, pancytopenia, liver dysfunction and jaundice died without a confirmed diagnosis. Microscopically, histiocytes with marked atypia and erythrophagocytosis had infiltrated the spleen, enlarged lymph nodes, liver, and bone marrow. From the above features this case was diagnosed as malignant histiocytosis. The infiltrating histiocytes were classified into three categories: 1) phagocytic cells, 2) atypical, mostly non-phagocytic cells, and 3) bizarre cells including multinucleated giant cells. An immunohistochemical study of histiocyte markers demonstrated that lysozyme was positive in the atypical cells and some phagocytic cells, whereas alpha-l-antitrypsin tended to be localized in the phagocytic cells. Bizarre cells were negative for both markers. No S-100 protein was demonstrated in the neoplastic cells. These immunohistochemical features suggested monocyte-phagocytic origin of the tumor in this case.
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PMID:Malignant histiocytosis with marked cellular atypia--an autopsy case with an immunohistochemical study on neoplastic histiocytes. 633 38

Three patients with idiopathic pancytopenia and hypercellular bone marrow who developed carcinoma of the lung within two years of diagnosis are reported. All three patients had macrocytic anemia associated with a megaloblastic marrow in the presence of normal serum vitamin B12 and folic acid levels. Neutropenia with monocytosis, elevated serum muramidase and LAP scores, and increased fetal hemoglobin levels were also found. In all cases Ham's tests were negative with a normal bone marrow karyotype. In all three patients, pancytopenia due to myelodysplasia, a probable preleukemic state, was diagnosed initially prior to the appearance of carcinoma of the lung. One of the patients showed improved leukocyte and platelet counts during chemotherapy, while the other two died before chemotherapy could be administered. In the light of the above findings we suggest that carcinoma of the lung may be the cause of a paraneoplastic syndrome with pancytopenia, particularly in patients with a hypercellular marrow with a normal karyotype.
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PMID:Pancytopenia with hypercellular bone marrow--a possible paraneoplastic syndrome in carcinoma of the lung: a report of three cases. 672 Jun 84


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