Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors (ECSCSs) may simulate Sertoli cell tumors, Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs), and adult granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs), both clinically and pathologically. Differing clinical features and histologic findings are almost always successful in distinguishing these tumor types, although in some cases the differential diagnosis is difficult. Immunohistochemical staining of 17 ECSCSs, 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 15 AGCTs was performed with the use of antibodies against cytokeratins (AE1/AE3, 902, and CAM 5.2), epithelial tumor-associated antigens (EMA, OM-1, B72.3, and carcinoembryonic antigen B1.1), vimentin, S-100, neuron-specific enolase, and lysozyme to determine the immunohistochemical profile of each tumor type and to define further the nature of the sex cord-like components in ECSCSs. All 17 ECSCSs, none of the 15 AGCTs, and one of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs stained with EMA. Staining for OM-1 was almost as helpful diagnostically, with positive results for 15 of 17 ECSCSs, 0/15 AGCTs, and 1/14 Sertoli cell or SLCTs. Antikeratins were immunoreactive with all the ECSCSs as well as some of the AGCTs and Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs. The B72.3 and B1.1 were immunoreactive with some ECSCSs and Sertoli cell tumors, but were nonreactive with AGCTs. Neuron-specific enolase was demonstrated in 11 of 17 ECSCSs, two of 14 Sertoli cell tumors or SLCTs, and 0 of 15 AGCTs. Vimentin, S-100, and lysozyme were least helpful in the differential diagnosis. These studies suggest that an immunohistochemical approach may be useful in the differentiation of ECSCSs and sex cord-stromal tumors. Furthermore, it supports the conclusion that the sex cord-like cells in ECSCSs are not Sertoli or granulosa cells, but cells of surface epithelial type growing in architectural patterns similar to those of sex cord-stromal tumors.
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PMID:Ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors. An immunohistochemical study. 247 93

Two hepatocellular carcinomas and six hepatoblastomas were examined for the presence of 13 antigens using immunoperoxidase, avidin-biotin, staining techniques. Primary antibodies were directed against alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT), lysozyme (LYS), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron specific enolase (NSE), epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), hepatitis B surface antigen (HbSA), lactoferrin (LF), desmin (DES), vimentin (VIM), and keratin (KER). Except for HbSA, the antigen staining pattern was unable to differentiate between hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. Both neoplasms where positive for AFP, AAT, CEA, EMA, and KER; however, neither stained for GFAP, NSE, LYS, LF, HCG, or DES. Vimentin was weakly positive in those hepatoblastomas where mesenchymal tissue was present in the tumor. Only the tissue adjacent to hepatocellular carcinomas stained positively for HbSA and correlated with the elevated serum levels of HbSA.
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PMID:Patterns of antigen expression in hepatoblastoma and hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood. 248 9

The nature of hyaline bodies (HB) in Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) has been investigated by electron microscopy (EM) and immunohistochemical methods. Paraffin sections from 45 cases of KS selected on the basis of their high content of HB were challenged with antisera against factor VIIIR:Ag, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha 1-antitrypsin (A1AT), fibrinogen, hemoglobin, alpha-actin and lysozyme. HB showed positivity for all the antibodies except for the last two. By EM, HB showed features consistent with red blood cell, fibrin and platelet phagocytosis. Therefore, HB in KS are considered to be the expression of an indiscriminate process of phagocytosis which involves not only erythrocytes and platelets, but also other substances such as fibrinogen, factor VIIIR:Ag, A1AT, CEA and AFP.
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PMID:Hyaline bodies in Kaposi's sarcoma: an immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study. 253 47

To define the histogenesis of the Paget cell and possibly identify differences in cells from the two sites, six vulvar and 23 mammary specimens from Paget's disease lesions were studied for immunocytochemical antigens. All vulvar and 21 (91%) mammary lesions were strongly reactive for glandular cytokeratin. All lesions showed immunopositive Paget cells with epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). An apocrine antigen, gross cystic disease fluid protein (GCDFP-15), decorated 66.5% and 56.5% of extramammary and mammary lesions, respectively. All vulvar Paget cells stained for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a frequency significantly greater than the 35% in mammary lesions (p = 0.02). However, CEA is expressed by both eccrine and apocrine sweat glands and their tumors. Vulvar Paget cells were negative for lysozyme, casein, lactalbumin, and S100 protein, compared with 9%, 4%, 4%, and 26% in nipple lesions. S100 protein expression is similar to that in mammary ductal carcinoma (32%). The glandular origin of both extramammary and mammary Paget cells is indicated by the presence of glandular cytokeratin, EMA, and CEA. Approximately 60% of all cases in both sites showed evidence of apocrine derivation (GCDFP-15 positivity). Variable antigen expression suggests possible malignant transformation of pluripotent germinative cells able to differentiate in an apocrine or an eccrine direction, or in both.
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PMID:Histogenesis of extramammary and mammary Paget cells. An immunohistochemical study. 254 98

Normal colonic epithelial cells consist of several cell types or lineages that are thought to arise from a common stem cell precursor. Neoplastic transformation may occur at different stages in the differentiation of a colonic stem cell to produce tumors that may retain characteristic cell lineage phenotypes. In this study, immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify cell lineage-related markers in fetal, normal, hyperplastic, adenomatous, and cancerous colonic tissue. These markers consisted of secretory component (columnar cells), a purified mucin antigen (mucous or goblet cells), chromogranin A (enteroendocrine cells), lysozyme (Paneth cells), and carcinoembryonic antigen (panepithelial cell marker). Colonic neoplasms, like normal mucosa, predominantly expressed the markers of columnar and goblet cell lineages. Chromogranin A was expressed in a small population of cells in most normal and fetal colonic crypts. Chromogranin A reactive cells were found in 55% of hyperplastic polyps, 31% of adenomatous polyps, and 33% of carcinomas. Lysozyme reactivity was rare in fetal, normal, and hyperplastic specimens, but was present in 86% of adenomas and 40% of carcinomas. Of 42 primary carcinomas, 9% were "pluripotent" and expressed markers of all four cell lineages. In addition to columnar and goblet cell markers, 7% expressed both enteroendocrine and Paneth cell markers, 17% expressed enteroendocrine cell markers, and 24% expressed Paneth cell markers. Two cases (5%) lacked expression of any of the cell lineage markers. The remainder expressed only columnar and goblet cell markers. The markers used in this study appear to identify the major cell lineages of fetal and normal colonic epithelium and can be used to delineate the altered cell lineage phenotypes in premalignant and malignant colonic mucosa.
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PMID:Cell lineage markers in premalignant and malignant colonic mucosa. 266 12

We measured adenosine deaminase (ADA), lysozyme, fibronectin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the pleural fluid of tuberculous and carcinomatous pleural effusion in order to discriminate these two groups. Tuberculous pleural effusion had significantly higher levels of ADA and lysozyme than did carcinomatous effusion. When ADA activity of more than 33 IU/l is considered, diagnostic tests of tuberculous effusions showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 95% and accuracy of 96%. A pleural fluid/serum ADA ratio (pl-ADA/s-ADA) above 1.1 was found in 100% of tuberculous and in 53% of carcinomatous effusions (sensitivity 100%, specificity 47%, diagnostic accuracy 70%). A lysozyme level above 12 micrograms/ml, selected as the discriminating limit, was found in 100% of tuberculous and in 17% of carcinomatous effusions (sensitivity 100%, specificity 83%, diagnostic accuracy 88%). Pleural fluid/serum lysozyme ratio (PL/SL) was also valuable in the discrimination of these two groups. When the cut-off level of 1.2 was considered, diagnostic tests of tuberculous effusions showed a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 88% and accuracy of 93%, respectively. The mean fibronectin concentration in pleural fluid with tuberculous effusion was significantly higher than that in carcinomatous effusion, but there was a marked overlap between these two groups. On the other hand, CEA was significantly higher in carcinomatous effusions than in tuberculous effusions. At a cut-off level of 5 ng/ml, 53% of patients with carcinomatous effusion showed elevated pleural fluid CEA levels, while none of the tuberculous effusion did (sensitivity 53%, specificity 100%, diagnostic accuracy 65%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Discrimination of tuberculous from carcinomatous pleural effusion by biochemical markers: adenosine deaminase, lysozyme, fibronectin and carcinoembryonic antigen. 281 Sep 21

Immunohistochemical examinations were performed using five kinds of histiocytic markers [S100 protein, lysozyme, non-specific cross reacting antigen with carcinoembryonic antigen (NCA), alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT) and alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT)] in biopsied tissues from histiocytosis X, juvenile xanthogranuloma, xanthoma tuberosum, xanthoma disseminatum, reticulohistiocytic granuloma and multicentric reticulohistiocytoma, all of which have been classified as histiocytic proliferative disorders. Our results suggested that xanthomatous lesions of the skin to be composed of the histiocytic proliferation of two different cell lineages, i.e. S100+lyso-NCA- T-zone histiocytes and S100-lyso+NCA+ tissue macrophages. Only lesions of histiocytosis X were composed of the former cells. It is suggested that these markers will be useful in determining the delineation of the histiocytic system on the basis of functional heterogeneity.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study on cutaneous histioproliferative lesions. 282 48

An immunohistochemical technique for the detection of S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and muramidase (lysozyme) was applied to a case of the granular cell tumour. S-100 protein was detected both in the nuclei and cytoplasma of the granular cells, and NSE was weakly positive in their cytoplasms. CEA and lysozyme were negative in the tumour cells. Our results supports the concept that granular cell tumours are derived from Schwann cells.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical observation of S-100 protein and neuron specific enolase in the tumour cells of granular cell tumour. 283 36

Nine granular cell tumours were investigated with poly- or monoclonal antisera to neurone specific enolase (NSE), glial enolase (GE), S 100 protein, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, lysozyme, laminin, neurofilament (NF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), brain creatine kinase (CK), different cytokeratins (Keratin Dako, PKK1), tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), desmin, myoglobin and leukocyte common antigen (LCA), using immunoperoxidase-methods on formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections. While five tumours from adults show specific cytoplasmic staining for NSE and S 100, three congenital tumours, two from the gingiva and one from palatine, show only a weak reaction for NSE, reflecting a possible origin from mature and immature Schwann cells, respectively. However, one subcutaneous tumour from near the clavicule of a ten year old girl differs from the other eight tumours by its specific cytoplasmic staining for alpha-1-antichymotrypsin only, supporting the view that there are granular cell tumours of histiocytic origin. In addition, the five adult NSE-S100 tumours show strong laminin-immunostaining around the single small or syncytial granular cells, whereas pericellular laminin is not detectable in the histiocytic nor in the three congenital tumours. None of the tumours shows any staining for lysozyme, epithelial, muscular, leukocyte, neurofilament or glial antigens.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical study of granular cell tumours. Demonstration of neurone specific enolase, S 100 protein, laminin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin. 300 14

We report here three cases of breast cancer with reactive multinucleated giant cells. The patients were among the 605 patients with breast cancer seen in the past 17 years at Tenri Hospital; the incidence of this variety of breast cancer was 0.5%. Enzyme histochemical and electron microscopic examination suggested that the giant cells were of histiocytic origin. However, results of immunohistochemical technique, S-100 protein, lysozyme, nonspecific cross-reacting antigen with carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, all currently used as markers of histiocytes, were negative. Because of the rarity of this variety of breast cancer, the biological significance of these unusual findings remains unknown.
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PMID:Breast cancer with reactive multinucleated giant cells: report of three cases. 301 34


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