Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred and twenty-eight cases of gastric carcinoma were examined with immunohistochemical technic for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), serotonin, gastrin and lysozyme. CEA were observed in 105 cases. Twenty-four cases were positive for HCG, 53 cases for serotonin, 31 cases for gastrin, 89 cases for lysozyme. Sixty-nine cases exhibited more than two hormones or one hormone and lysozyme simultaneously in different cells of the same tumor. Ultrastructurally, sometimes three types of secretory granules were noticed. The electron dense granules in the lysozyme-containing tumor cells were similar to those of Paneth's cells in intestinal metaplasia. The positive rates of the above three hormones, lysozyme and multi-marker expression in diffuse type carcinoma were higher than those in intestinal type, and 42/44 cases of the diffuse type carcinoma were histologically undifferentiated carcinomas or signet-ring cell carcinomas. Lymph node metastasis occurred more frequently in those carcinomas with hormone or lysozyme positivity. These findings suggest that these neoplastic endocrine cells and Paneth's cells have originated from multipotential differentiation of neoplastic stem cells in the stomach, reflecting the state of the gene activity in the tumor cells.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study on neoplastic endocrine cells and Paneth's cells in gastric carcinoma]. 133 72

Hepatic angiosarcoma (Kupffer cell sarcoma) is a very rare but ominous malignancy. We report a case diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The smear showed malignant spindle cells and a few rounded cells. The diagnosis was made on the cell block by the characteristic scaffolding arrangement of malignant cells along preexisting hepatocytes. This is the first report with immunocytochemical findings. The tumour cells stained positively for vimentin and negatively for keratin, factor VIII, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA-1), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and lysozyme. This case demonstrates the possibility of a definitive diagnosis by FNAB prior to death without inflicting serious complications.
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PMID:Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of hepatic angiosarcoma: report of a case with immunocytochemical findings. 163 39

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material of 158 diffuse malignant pleural mesotheliomas (DMPMs) was used in order to determine the differential diagnostic value of immunocytochemical probes against 9 different antigens. While vimentin expression was found in only 50% of cases, regardless of their histological subtype all tumours were found to be cytokeratin-positive when an antibody with broad-spectrum cytokeratin reactivity was used. Conversely, none of the cases was immunostained by antisera against carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Leu-M1 antigen, chromogranin, S-100 protein, lysozyme and a T-cell associated antigen. The density of inflammatory cell infiltrates reactive with antisera against the three latter antigens was not associated with the clinical behaviour of the neoplasms examined. Eight DMPM cases showed immunoreactivity with HEA-antibodies against Egp 34, an antigen previously supposed only to be expressed by carcinomas. On the basis of these findings, the consistent cytokeratin reactivity, also of the sarcomatous type of DMPM, may help to exclude metastatic involvement of the pleura by a mesenchymal neoplasm of other origin. CEA and Leu-M1 staining of a given pleural tumour, on the other hand, is indicative of a carcinoma secondarily afflicting the pleura, thus making the diagnosis of primary DMPM unlikely.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical differential diagnosis of diffuse malignant pleural mesotheliomas--a clinicomorphological study of 158 cases. 171 81

A new human cell line, designated Ty-82, was established from the pleural effusion of a 22-year-old woman with undifferentiated thymic carcinoma. This cell line consisted of primitive cells that were positive for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and acid phosphatase. The cells were shown to express epithelial membrane antigen, but were completely negative for cytokeratin, carcinoembryonic antigen, glial fibrillary acidic protein, desmin, S-100 protein, lysozyme, Leu-7, HLA-DR (Ia), leukocyte common antigen, Ki-I antigen, T-cell antigens, B-cell antigens, myelomonocyte antigens, and Epstein-Barr-virus nuclear antigen. Electron microscopy showed that the cells were highly anaplastic, with no sign of cellular differentiation to any lineages. The Ty-82 cell line was found to have a karyotype of 46,XX,t(15;19)(q15;p13), being identical to that of the patient's tumor cells. Four of 5 nude mice inoculated sub-cutaneously with Ty-82 cells developed tumors which displayed a histological picture similar to the original tumor. Thymic carcinoma is a recently recognized entity, and its cellular and clinical behavior are poorly understood. The newly established thymic carcinoma cell line would provide a useful tool for the better understanding of this rare disease.
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PMID:Establishment and characterization of a thymic carcinoma cell line (Ty-82) carrying t(15;19)(q15;p13) chromosome abnormality. 173 May 20

The relationship between histological type and immunohistological findings was studied in total 141 cases of resected lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma was cytologically subtyped according to the ultrastructural findings. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin-embedding tissue using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), keratin, secretory component (SC), neuron specific enolase (NSE), lysozyme (Ly) and lactoferrin (La). Adenocarcinoma stained strongly positive with antibody against CEA and SC. There was no statistical difference among the different subtypes of adenocarcinoma, but in the cases of clara cell type, CEA staining was less intense and in goblet cell type, the intensity of SC staining was great. Goblet cell type characteristically stained positively with anti-Ly antibody, and Ly was a specific marker for differentiating adenocarcinoma of goblet cell type. La was positive not only in bronchial gland cell type, but also in other subtypes in adenocarcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma showed more intense staining with anti-keratin antibody than other histological types. Small cell carcinoma extensively stained with anti-NSE antibody, but some of the other histological types also stained positively. NSE was a relatively good marker for small cell carcinoma but was not specific. It is concluded that immunohistochemical examination is a useful method for differentiation of different histological types of lung cancer.
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PMID:[Immunohistochemical findings in resected lung cancer]. 175 99

Colicins are proteinaceous substances produced by Escherichia coli strains and related bacteria of Enterobacteriaceae family. They are considered to be an important factor in preserving the balance of the intestinal microflora. Their antibiotic action on susceptible bacteria is supplemented with cytotoxicity for several pro- and eukaryotic cells. The large bowel is a natural site of their action. Besides of enhancing oxidoreductive activity of leukocytes in vitro, colicins are also believed to influence inflammatory reaction in vivo. For these reasons, the first part of the present work was concerned with studying colicinogeny in nonspecific inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). No significant difference has been found out in colicinogeny between a total of 93 IBD-related and 160 healthy controls. In testing leukocyte migration inhibition, colicins of autologous E. coli were used as antigens. The migration index out of normal range showed 36% patients with ulcerative colitis (5/14), 80% patients with Crohn's disease (12/15), and only one clinically healthy control subject (1/16; 6%). The obtained results are considered to be proof of cellular hypersensitivity of IBD patients to colicins of their own E. coli strains. In several colicins the antitumorous effect has been reported in both the in vitro and in vivo experimentation. The second part of this work was concerned with colicinogeny in colorectal cancer. Colicinogenic E. coli were evidenced in 42 subjects (40%) from 105 patients with colorectal carcinoma. Controls showed colicinogenic E. coli in 102/160 clinically healthy subjects (64%), and the difference was as significant as p less than 0.05. In colorectal cancer group, the subjects with proved colicinogeny showed lesser amounts of colicinogenic E. coli strains in contrast with non-colicinogenic ones. In colorectal cancer patients with colicinogenic E. coli strains, B and M colicins were of most frequent occurrence in them no antitumorous effect has been experimentally stated. If changes of colicinogeny were only either the manifestation or consequence of tumor disease, so both the presence or absence of colicinogenic E. coli would have been dependent of clinical patients's condition, stage of disease (in accord with Dukes) or correlated with the tumor markers. For these accounts, a total of 28 colorectal cancer patients underwent a colicinogenic study. However, no colicinogeny dependence was evidenced of either clinical condition or Dukes stage, showing no correlation with any of cancer markers investigated (carcinoembryonic antigen, CA 19-9, alfa-1-fetoprotein, alfa-1-orosomucoid, Cancer serum index, sialic acid, lysozyme).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Colicinogeny in nonspecific intestinal inflammations and colorectal cancer]. 181 66

An immunophenotype was performed on an osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas using a panel of antibodies to epithelial and leukocyte antigens. Several antibodies to cytokeratin and carcinoembryonic antigen were negative in the tumor. Osteoclast-like cells were positive for CD4, CD13, CD45, CD68, CD71, and vimentin, but negative for lysozyme and HLA-DR. Mononuclear tumor cells were positive for CD4, CD11c, CD13, CD14, CD45, CD68, CD71, HLA-DR, and vimentin, but negative for lysozyme. The phenotype is similar to that previously described for giant cell tumor of bone. The osteoclast-like cell phenotype is also similar to that reported for normal osteoclasts. The findings support a nonepithelial origin for osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas, and suggest a derivation similar to giant cell tumor of bone.
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PMID:Osteoclast-like giant cell tumor of the pancreas: immunophenotypic similarity to giant cell tumor of bone. 186 95

A 49-year-old Japanese woman was found to have innumerable, small sessile elevations throughout the stomach as revealed by radiographic and endoscopic examination. Endoscopic biopsy showed that the elevations were formed by a diffuse proliferation of histiocytes in the lamina propria mucosae. The histiocytes were characterized by abundant interdigitating cytoplasmic projections, Birbeck granules, an oval or indented nucleus, and an absence of phagocytosis. They stained for S-100 protein but not for lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, or nonspecific antigen cross-reacting with carcinoembryonic antigen. Five and a half years after the first diagnosis, most of the elevated lesions disappeared, but a few histiocytoid cells were noted microscopically. Systemic examination showed no abnormalities outside the stomach. The patient has continued to be well. This case was diagnosed as primary benign histiocytosis X of the stomach. Four similar cases have been reported. This is the first case that was diagnosed using biopsy techniques and in which the natural history--i.e., from multiple polypoid extension throughout the stomach to spontaneous remission--was observed.
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PMID:Primary benign histiocytosis X of the stomach. A report of a case showing spontaneous remission after 5 1/2 years. 198 67

The normal pancreas consists of three major cell types or lineages that share a common embryologic origin from pluripotent endodermal precursors. The type of cell that undergoes neoplastic transformation to form a pancreatic carcinoma is controversial and may influence the phenotype and biologic behavior of the tumor. In this study, immunohistologic techniques were used to determine the cell lineage differentiation expressed in 29 primary exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas, five metastatic exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas, and five islet cell neoplasma. Specimens of normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis were used for comparison. The cell lineage markers consisted of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against trypsin and lipase (acinar cells); secretory component, carbonic anhydrase II, and pancreatic cancer mucin SPan-1 (ductal cells); and chromogranin-A and somatostatin (islet cells). The expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and lysozyme were also determined. This collection of markers allowed the differentiation between acinar, ductal, and islet cells of normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis specimens. The expression of cell lineage markers in islet cell tumors was homogeneous and restricted to chromogranin-A. In contrast, the expression of these markers in primary and metastatic exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas was variable. Reactivity with monoclonal anti-CEA was absent in normal pancreas, and was present in 83% of chronic pancreatitis specimens as well as 90% of exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinomas. In addition, lysozyme reactivity was absent in normal pancreas; however, lysozyme was expressed in one case of chronic pancreatitis, 17 cases of primary carcinoma, and three cases of metastatic carcinoma. These findings support the concept that the original transformed cell type in many pancreatic exocrine carcinomas resemble endodermal "stem cells" that retain the capability of differentiation along more than one cell lineage pathway.
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PMID:Cell lineage markers in human pancreatic cancer. 222 68

Nineteen gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma were selected from 554 surgical cases and examined pathologically and immunohistochemically using formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded materials. Most showed ulcerative lesion and 15 cases located in fundic and cardiac gland regions. They were subdivided histologically into three groups, early (group I), localized (group II) and infiltrative tumors (group III), the number of cases being 2, 10 and 7, respectively. Lymph node metastases occurred in 3 cases in group II and 6 in group III, the latter showing a significantly higher incidence. The number of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9 immunoreactive tumor cells was apparently smaller in gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma than in ordinary gastric carcinomas. Frequent presence of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin immunoreactivity characterized the tumor cells of gastric carcinoma with lymphoid cells. Stroma cells consisted of lymphocytes, plasma cells, granulocytes and histiocytes. Of these, the greatest number examined immunohistochemically was B cells and IgG cells, followed in descending order by T cells, IgA cells and IgM cells in the order given. A variable number of lysozyme immunoreactive histiocytes were also detected in all the cases. Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma might be subclassified as a separate entity, although short term follow-up study did not demonstrate a favorable prognosis for this type of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. 222 25


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