Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The antimicrobial properties of standard human lysozyme and the milk of transgenic mice expressing human lysozyme were investigated using bacterial strains important to the dairy industry. Standard human lysozyme was found to be effective at significantly slowing the growth of the milk cold-spoilage organism Pseudomonas fragi (P < 0.001), of a clinical isolate of the mastitis-causing organism Staphylococcus aureus (P < 0.005), and a nonpathogenic strain of E. coli (P < 0.05). Milk from transgenic mice secreting human lysozyme in their milk at an average concentration of 0.3 mg/ml was found to be bacteriostatic against the cold-spoilage organisms Pseudomonas fragi and Lactobacillus viscous and a mastitis-causing strain of Staphylococcus aureus, but not against a pathogenic strain of E. coli. These results demonstrate that transgenic animals producing human lysozyme in their milk can affect the microbial nature of milk.
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PMID:Antimicrobial properties of human lysozyme transgenic mouse milk. 970 53

Although an elevated sodium concentration in human milk is suggested to be an indicator of mastitis, it is unclear whether elevated sodium concentrations are associated with immunological and inflammatory mediators in human milk. We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationships between elevated breast milk sodium concentrations and levels of lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted) in human milk at 6 weeks postpartum in 96 lactating women in Blantyre, Malawi. Mastitis, as indicated by an elevated breast milk sodium concentration, was present in 15.6% of the women. Women with and without mastitis had respective median levels of other factors as follows: lactoferrin, 1,230 versus 565 mg/liter (P < 0. 0007); lysozyme, 266 versus 274 mg/liter (P = 0.55); SLPI, 76 versus 15 microg/liter, (P < 0.0002); IL-8, 339 versus 25 ng/liter (P < 0. 0001); and RANTES, 82 versus 3 ng/liter (P < 0.0001). Elevated sodium concentrations in breast milk are associated with an increase in levels of some immunological and inflammatory factors in breast milk.
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PMID:Mastitis and immunological factors in breast milk of lactating women in Malawi. 1047 15

The informative value of biological characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus reflecting the ability of microbes to inactivate certain factors of natural resistance (lysozyme, complement, immunoglobulins, bactericidal component of interferon) was established in determining the duration of the caused by them pyo-inflammatory diseases such as postinfection abscesses, lactation mastitis. On this basis the heterogeneous successive procedure of pattern recognition was used to develop algorithms allowing prognosis of the duration of pyo-inflammatory diseases of staphylococcal etiology in 84.6-94.4% of the patients after the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the biological properties of the pathogen with not less than 90% reliability.
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PMID:[The information value of the biological properties of the causative agent in the prognosis of the duration of the course of suppurative inflammatory diseases of staphylococcal etiology]. 1049 34

Human milk contains important immunological factors that protect the breast from infection and are thought to protect infants from infection, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Human milk immunological factors have not been well characterized in HIV-infected lactating women. Lysozyme, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI), sodium (an indicator of mastitis), and HIV were measured in breast milk of 334 HIV-infected women at 6 weeks postpartum. Women with mastitis, as indicated by elevated breast milk sodium concentrations, had higher median levels lysozyme (290 vs 221 mg/L, p < 0.04), SLPI (38 vs 19 mg/L, p < 0.0001) and HIV (920 copies/mL vs undetectable, p < 0.0001) compared with women without mastitis. Lower total plasma carotenoid levels (p < 0.02) and higher maternal HIV load (p < 0.006) by quartile were risk factors for mastitis. Mastitis, as indicated by elevated breast milk sodium levels, is associated with high concentrations of immunological factors and higher HIV load in breast milk.
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PMID:Mastitis and immunological factors in breast milk of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women. 1077 80

Mastitis, an inflammation in the breast, has recently been linked with higher human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load in breast milk and higher risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Among 334 HIV-infected women in Malawi who were breastfeeding, the prevalence of mastitis, as indicated by elevated breast milk sodium, was 16.4% at six weeks and 2.8% at six months postpartum. Mastitis is associated with significantly higher concentrations of immunological and inflammatory mediators in breast milk, including lactoferrin, lysozyme, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor, interleukin-8, and RANTES. Mastitis is potentially preventable by improving micronutrient status of breastfeeding women and can be treated with antibiotics and clinical management. These studies in Malawi suggest that mastitis may contribute to transmission of HIV through breast milk.
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PMID:Mastitis and transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through breast milk. 1113 99

Over the last few years an increased rate of intramammary infections caused by environmental and opportunistic pathogens has been observed in sheep farms. The presence of these microorganisms is mainly related to poor conditions of environmental hygiene and/or to decreased defenses of the mammary gland. The work we present here is a part of a project on the immune status of ewe mammary gland and its influence on mastitis development.In this paper, we have studied how intramammary infections caused by opportunistic pathogens reflect on immune parameters in ewe milk. Milk samples collected monthly before the morning milking, were screened for the presence of microorganisms and tested for somatic cell counts (SCC), polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes (PMN), phagocytic activity, lysozyme content, and NAGase activity.Data showed that phagocytic activity was significantly higher in bacteriologically negative udders (156mV/1000 PMNs) than in infected udders (10mV/1000 PMNs).These results suggest that intramammary infection might be associated with a decrease of mammary gland immune status.
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PMID:Relationship between mammary gland infections and some milk immune parameters in Sardinian breed ewes. 1142 29

Lactoferrin, lysozyme and the lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-peroxide-system are naturally occurring antimicrobial components of milk. The objective of this study was to examine, whether these components were responsible for negative results, when mastitis milk is cultured microbiologically. Quarter milk samples from 75 cows with clinical mastitis on a dairy farm in Brandenburg were submitted for microbiological culture and analysed for the content and the activities of the three components. Animals from all stages of lactation with clinical mastitis were included in the study. Animals were examined clinically and milk samples were collected prior to first treatment. Secretions from quarters with clinical mastitis were compared to those of neighbouring quarters without clinical mastitis. Secretions with positive cultural results were compared to those with negative results. The concentrations or activities of the three factors were significantly higher in the diseased quarters than in the quarters without clinical signs of mastitis. The concentration of lysozyme increased with severity of the clinical signs (local swelling and changes in secretion). The concentration of lactoferrin was significantly higher in quarters with slight alterations of glandular tissue than in quarters with medium or severe alterations (P < 0.05). LPS-activities did not correlate with the severity of clinical signs. No differences in the concentration of lactoferrin or LPS-activities were seen between mastitis with positive and negative culture results. The concentration of lysozyme was even higher in culturally positive samples than in negative samples (P < 0.05). Results from this study indicate that the three factors examined did not impair the results of microbiological culture of milk samples from quarters with clinical mastitis.
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PMID:[Do lactoferrin, lysozyme and the lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-hydrogen peroxide-system cause negative microbiological results in mastitis secretions?]. 1216 68

Antibiotics are widely used in treatment and prophylaxis of mastitis, but their antibacterial and therapeutic efficacy continues to decrease. New methods of prophylaxis of mastitis with the use of vaccines and biological response modifiers are reviewed. Prophylactic activity of staphylococcal vaccines should be investigated in the future because of difficulties in successful treatment of infections caused by these organisms. Vaccination with J5 bacterin (0111:B4) reduced duration of IMI and local signs of clinical coliform-mastitis. Some immunomodulators proved to be effective in treatment of mastitis during lactating period. Promising results were obtained with the use of giseng saponin, herbal gel, herbal extracts, propolis, lysosubtilin, antibacterial proteins, and lysozyme dimer especially.
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PMID:The use of some immunomodulators and non-antibiotic drugs in a prophylaxis and treatment of mastitis. 1244 82

The study was carried out in 5 farms on 174 pregnant heifers. Clinical examination of the udder and bacteriological tests of quarter secretion were performed between the 8th and 3rd week before parturition, and then the animals were divided into a control group (64 heifers) and 3 experimental groups and immediately treated. A group of 32 experimental heifers was injected once with antioxidants (Vitamin A--600,000 i.u.; Vitamin D3--200,000 i.u.; Vitamin E--1.5 mg/kg b.w., Selenium--0.022 mg/kg b.w., i.m.). The next group (26 heads) was intramammary infused with antibiotic DC product (cloxacillin). Heifers from last experimental group (52) were injected with lysosyme dimer in a single dose of 0.02 mg/kg b.w. Clinical and bacteriological examinations were made during the first week after calving. The presence of bacteria was found in secretion of 22.6-38.9% udder quarters in 56.2-71.2% of pregnant heifers. The number of infected quarters (cows) did not change distinctly in the first week after calving except the lysozyme dimer group, where a decrease by 30% was noted. The percentage of quarters with elevated somatic cell count was higher in antibiotic DC group and closely similar in the other groups. None of examined methods showed an acceptable prophylactic effect. Clinical mastitis cases during first week after parturition were mostly caused by Escherichia coli, Staph. chromogenes, Staph. simulans, Staph. aureus, Staph. hyicus, Str. uberis, Str. acidominimus and Enterococcus faecalis.
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PMID:Field trials on the prophylaxis of intramammary infections in pregnant heifers. 1281 82

An overlap of breast-feeding and late pregnancy is associated with decreased intake of human milk and reduced infant growth. We evaluated the association of an overlap with macronutrient and immunological components of milk, infant urinary IgA, and infant and maternal morbidity. On d 2 and 1 mo postpartum, staff measured 24-h intake of breast milk and collected samples from 133 Peruvian women; 68 had breast-fed during the last trimester of pregnancy (BFP) and 65 had not breast-fed during pregnancy (NBFP). Data on maternal and infant anthropometry and health were collected for 1 mo. On d 2, lactose and lysozyme concentrations were higher, total lysozyme intake was higher and concentration and total intake of lactoferrin were lower in the BFP than the NBFP group (P < 0.05). The total 1-mo IgA intake was lower among BFP than NBFP infants (P = 0.01). Urinary IgA concentration was correlated with breast milk IgA concentration (r = 0.29; P = 0.01) but not with breast-feeding during pregnancy. An overlap was not associated with diarrhea but BFP infants were 5 times as likely to have a cough for at least 7 d than NBFP infants (P < 0.05). Reported mastitis was rare and occurred only in the NBFP group (P = 0.05). An overlap of breast-feeding and late pregnancy was associated with changes in milk composition, an increased frequency in symptoms of infant respiratory illness but decreased reported mastitis. Further in-depth studies are warranted to determine the cumulative effects associated with a breast-feeding/pregnancy overlap on infant and maternal outcomes.
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PMID:An overlap of breastfeeding during late pregnancy is associated with subsequent changes in colostrum composition and morbidity rates among Peruvian infants and their mothers. 1288 42


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