Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The literature on the presence of lysozyme in various biological fluids in physiological and pathological conditions is reviewed. Preliminary results of lysozyme estimations in bovine milk show that lysozyme levels are definitely higher in colostrum and mastitis milk than in normal milk. The biological role of the enzyme in the milk still has to be defined. On the other hand, lysozyme may interfere with microbiological screening techniques for penicillin in cow's milk; the lytic effect of purified human lysozyme on B. stearothermophilus var. calidolactis was demonstrated microscopically.
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PMID:Lysozyme and its presence in bovine milk and serum. 64 66

No support could be found for the hypothesis that mastitis, as evidenced by increased leucocyte counts in milk, is accompanied by an increase in lysozyme activity. The presence of potassium dichromate in the preserved milk samples did not seem to affect lysozyme activity. The sensitivity of lysozyme to heat was demonstrated. All lysozyme isolates and purifications were made with deaminated chitin affinity chromatography.
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PMID:Lysozyme activity of high-leucocyte-count milk and the effect of heat and potassium dichromate on lysozyme activity. 72 80

In the mammary gland of cattle there is a complex defense system of non-specific and specific reactions available preventing the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. Most infections occur via the teat canal, so teat canal keratin (SKK) is of particular importance in non-specific defense of the gland. The SKK serves as a physical barrier, and bacteriostatic and/or bactericidal effects of SKK lipids and proteins against certain mastitis bacteria could be demonstrated. By increasing the concentrations of lactoferrin and lysozyme in milk a reduction of mastitis frequencies could be observed. However, those high concentrations in the proteins occur only during the dry period of the cow. An improvement of the mastitis situation would also appear possible by increasing phagocytosis. The numerous trials intended to reduce mastitis by improving specific protection showed no significant success. Therefore, the most successful and cheapest means to achieve udder health remains the strict and consistent hygiene of housing, animals and mammary glands.
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PMID:[Defense mechanisms of the bovine mammary gland]. 171 59

Microbiological methods for detection of antibiotic residues in milk give no explanations regarding the identity of the inhibitory substance(s). Natural antibacterial substances, present at higher concentrations in mastitic milk and in colostrum, occasionally cause false positive results in antibiotic assays. In an earlier investigation, lysozyme and lactoferrin were shown to inhibit the growth of Bacillus stearothermophilus var. calidolactis spores, used as test organism in Delvotest P. To study the effect of high lysozyme and lactoferrin concentrations in milk on the Delvotest P, cows were subjected to acute experimental mastitis by infusion of Salmonella typhimurium SH 4809 endotoxin. Milk samples were collected up to 11 h postinfusion. Concentrations of lactoferrin and lysozyme, somatic cell count, and effect on Delvotest P were determined. A positive reaction in the Delvotest correlated well with an increase in lactoferrin and lysozyme concentrations. The nature of the inhibitory effect is briefly discussed.
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PMID:Lactoferrin and lysozyme in milk during acute mastitis and their inhibitory effect in Delvotest P. 262 40

The antibacterial effects of two lysozymes purified from rainbow trout kidney (type I and II) were tested on eight bacterial strains isolated from cases of clinical mastitis (staphylococci, streptococci and coliforms). Three other lytic agents were included in the experiments as controls: hen egg-white lysozyme, lysostaphin and mutanolysin. Proliferating bacteria were incubated with the various lytic agents, either in hearts infusion broth or in milk. The type II rainbow trout lysozyme decreased the number of live bacteria (colony forming units) of all the strains tested, but was most efficient against staphylococci. The other two lysozymes had little effect.
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PMID:A lysozyme isolated from rainbow trout acts on mastitis pathogens. 267 19

The enzyme lysozyme (earlier muramidase) is one of the factors of the non-specific defense mechanism of the mammary gland. It represents a regular constituent of milk, which despite its very low content in milk determines the health condition of the udder and its defending ability against infectious agents. Therefore, a review is given on the factors influencing the lysozyme content in bovine milk, its significance for the bactericidal effects of milk, its changes in mastitis and the resulting possibility of its introduction in diagnostic work, and the therapeutical use of milk rich in lysozyme.
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PMID:[The physiological and diagnostic importance of lysozyme in cow's milk]. 315 77

Mastitis was found to be a sizeable clinical problem in a group of lactating Gambian mothers. The mean monthly incidence was 2.6% and repeated episodes of mastitis were common. The role of milk antimicrobial factors in the local defence of the breast against mastitis was investigated by analysis of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, C4, lactoferrin and lysozyme in the breast milk of 10 mastitis patients. Acute inflammation of the breast was accompanied by the rapid appearance of high concentrations of serum-derived immunoproteins in mastitic milk. Changes in the milk levels of lactose, sodium and transferrin indicated that this was due to a temporary opening of the paracellular pathway. Concentrations of secretory immunoproteins (IgA, lactoferrin and lysozyme) exhibited a delayed response, being elevated one week after the attack of mastitis. The normal milk of mastitis sufferers was significantly deficient in IgA, C3 and lactoferrin when compared with other lactating women suggesting that the former were predisposed to mastitis.
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PMID:Mastitis in rural Gambian mothers and the protection of the breast by milk antimicrobial factors. 403 82

The antiinflammatory roentgenotherapy was used in 150 patients with pyo-inflammatory processes (post-operative inflammatory complications, periappendicular infiltration, hydradenitis, osteo-articular panaritium, mastitis). Good and satisfactory results were obtained in 92,6% of the patients. Positive dynamics of the T-lymphocyte level and increased activity of the blood serum lysozyme proved to be good prognostic signs.
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PMID:[X-ray therapy and various immunologic indices in the complex treatment of suppurative-inflammatory processes]. 660 64

A total of 57 gram-positive, catalase-positive cocci, considered etiological agents of clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis, were tested for glucose and mannitol fermentation, coagulase and thermonuclease production, sensitivity to lysostaphin, gelatin hydrolysis, lysozyme, phosphatase and egg yolk factor production, hemolytic properties, antibiotic sensitivity, susceptibility to human and bovine phages, and enterotoxin production. All 57 strains were identified as staphylococci. A good correlation was found between 3+ and 4+ coagulase reactions, thermonuclease production, and high sensitivity to lysostaphin. Neither mannitol fermentation nor production of other enzymes appeared to be a specific property of bovine Staphylococcus aureus strains. beta- and delta-hemolysins were more frequently found than alpha-hemolysin. Nearly 40% of the strains were penicillin resistant. Strains were lysed by phage 42E from the human phage set more frequently than by phage 42D, whereas with the bovine set, strains were more sensitive to specific bovine phages. Three strains produced enterotoxin C, and one strain produced enterotoxin D.
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PMID:Characterization of staphylococci isolated from mastitic cows in Spain. 738 55

A highly presumptive identification of Nocardia farcinica was made of 47 bacterial isolates. Fifteen isolates from Alberta, 9 from Ontario, and 2 each from New Brunswick, Newfoundland, and Nova Scotia were from clinical cases involved in the Canadian mastitis epizootic. Seventeen additional isolates from Alberta were recovered from farm milk bulk tanks from herds found to have cows involved in the epizootic. All isolates were shown by high-performance liquid chromatography to possess mycolic acids of a size consistent with the genus Nocardia. All isolates were resistant to a concentration of 5 micrograms/mL of mitomycin C. Forty-five isolates grew well and 2 showed reduced growth in the presence of 50 micrograms/mL of kanamycin acid sulfate. Forty-six isolates were resistant to 5-fluorouracil at a concentration of 20 micrograms/mL. All isolates were resistant to lysozyme. Resistance to these compounds supported the placement of the isolates in the genus Nocardia. Thirty-five isolates produced strong beta-galactosidase reactions and 12 showed weak reactions. The demonstration of beta-galactosidase activity further supports the identification of the isolates as nocardiae. Attempts to identify the bacteria to species by high-performance liquid chromatography of mycolic acid esters were frustrated, since two species of Nocardia were found to have indistinguishable mycolic acid patterns. The physiological and growth characteristics of the isolates were consistent with Nocardia farcinica.
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PMID:Highly presumptive identification of bacterial isolates associated with the recent Canada-wide mastitis epizootic as Nocardia farcinica. 836 99


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