Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
 21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An in vitro culture technique has been used to study synthesis of proteins by biopsies of human gastrointestinal mucosa which were obtained at endoscopy or surgery from patients with biliary gastritis, atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer, gastric cancer, coeliac disease, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. As in normal mucosa, immunoglobulin synthesis was found in all sites, but marked increases, especially in IgG, were seen in biliary gastritis and ulcerative colitis. In untreated coeliac disease, synthesis of IgG and IgM was increased. Synthesis of complement components did not differ from that found in normal mucosa. Increased lysozyme synthesis was seen in Crohn's disease. This study shows that useful information may be acquired from short-term culture studies of the small biopsies obtained with fibre optic endoscopes.
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PMID:In vitro synthesis of immunoglobulins, secretory component, complement and lysozyme by human gastrointestinal tissues. II. Pathological tissues. 126 Oct 87

The study was concerned with measurement of lysozyme activity of saliva in healthy subjects and patients with different pathologies of the stomach including precancer and cancer. It established a considerable decrease in this parameter in cancer and precancer as compared with healthy controls. Assay of saliva lysozyme activity was found to yield more specific and prognostic data than clinical symptoms and examination of the patient. This procedure proved highly valuable in forming groups at risk for stomach cancer, due to providing significant differences in saliva lysozyme activity indices between "healthy subjects--stomach pathology" and "precancer--precancerous changes--stomach cancer" groups.
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PMID:[Salivary lysozyme in the screening for stomach cancer]. 130 Jul 3

We examined 12 depressed tubular adenomas of the stomach pathologically and immunohistochemically in order to clarify the difference between the depressed type and the elevated type. Depressed tubular adenomas showed shallow mucosal depression and, of the 12, nine were endoscopically diagnosed as early gastric cancer. Histologically, the adenoma cells showed dysplasia in varying degree and focal adenocarcinoma occurred in two adenomas measuring over 2 cm. The mean height of the adenoma glands was 0.63 +/- 0.31 mm in the 12 depressed adenomas and 1.32 +/- 0.43 mm in 44 elevated adenomas, while the mean heights of the subjacent mucosa were 0.18 +/- 0.19 mm and 1.07 +/- 0.71 mm, respectively. Thus, depressed adenomas resulted from paucity of the mucosa subjacent to the adenoma glands and the height of the adenomatous glands was half that found in the elevated type. Goblet cells, a variety of endocrine cells and lysozyme-containing cells were found in nine, nine and eight depressed adenomas, respectively, in variable numbers. Hyperplasia of these cells was also detected in depressed adenomas showing mild or moderate dysplasia. Immunohistochemical examination revealed no difference in the phenotypic expression of adenoma cells as between the depressed and the elevated type.
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PMID:Depressed tubular adenoma of the stomach: pathological and immunohistochemical features. 198 68

A distinct morphological variant of a diffuse type adenocarcinoma of the stomach with Paneth cell differentiation is reported. The tumor was a Borrmann's Type III carcinoma measuring 6.0 x 5.5 cm at the body along the greater curvature. It was composed of Paneth cell- and endocrine cell differentiated cancer cells in addition to tubular and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells. The Paneth cell differentiation was characterized histologically by cytoplasmic distinct coarse eosinophilic granules stained red with periodic acid-Schiff and Masson trichrome reagents and reddish brown with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin, and electron microscopically by lysozyme in cytoplasmic electron dense granules. In addition, electron microscopy revealed acid mucin globules and various intermediate forms between Paneth granules and the mucin globules which might be regarded as abortive forms of Paneth granules presumably resulting from defective incorporation of lysozyme-positive mucosubstances into acid mucin. Endocrine differentiated cancer cells consisted of serotonin-, peptide YY-, and glucagon/glicentin-positive cells. The various cell phenotypes found in the present tumor could be explained on the basis of intestinal differentiation of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Predominant Paneth cell differentiation in an intestinal type gastric cancer. 206 3

Nineteen gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma were selected from 554 surgical cases and examined pathologically and immunohistochemically using formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded materials. Most showed ulcerative lesion and 15 cases located in fundic and cardiac gland regions. They were subdivided histologically into three groups, early (group I), localized (group II) and infiltrative tumors (group III), the number of cases being 2, 10 and 7, respectively. Lymph node metastases occurred in 3 cases in group II and 6 in group III, the latter showing a significantly higher incidence. The number of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA19-9 immunoreactive tumor cells was apparently smaller in gastric carcinomas with lymphoid stroma than in ordinary gastric carcinomas. Frequent presence of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin immunoreactivity characterized the tumor cells of gastric carcinoma with lymphoid cells. Stroma cells consisted of lymphocytes, plasma cells, granulocytes and histiocytes. Of these, the greatest number examined immunohistochemically was B cells and IgG cells, followed in descending order by T cells, IgA cells and IgM cells in the order given. A variable number of lysozyme immunoreactive histiocytes were also detected in all the cases. Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma might be subclassified as a separate entity, although short term follow-up study did not demonstrate a favorable prognosis for this type of gastric cancer.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma: pathological and immunohistochemical analysis. 222 25

A total of 626 surgically resected gastric carcinomas were reviewed, and 24 cases (3.8%) of "gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma" were identified. The tumour cells were consistently arranged in an anastomosing trabecular or alveolar pattern and were densely infiltrated by lymphoid cells. The specimens were studied using mucin histochemistry and the indirect immunoperoxidase method to determine the histochemical properties of this form of gastric carcinoma. The tumour cells were consistently positive for concanavalin A paradoxical staining, class III and almost devoid of acidic mucins, features demonstrating preferential differentiation toward pyloric glands or pseudopyloric glands. Immunohistochemically, positive reactions for Leu M1 and lysozyme, marker substances of (pseudo)pyloric gland cells, were often observed. Carcinoembryonic antigen was positive in focal areas without (pseudo)pyloric glandular patterns. Secretory component was focally positive. HLA-DR was strongly expressed in most cancer cells and 17 tumours (71%) showed positivity for interleukin 1 (IL-1). The lymphoid stroma contained a high percentage of UCHL1-reactive T cells both within and around the cancer cell nests, while SL26-reactive B cells clustered in lymphoid follicles. A considerable number of T-lymphoid cells were also reactive for IL-1. A number of plasma cells with a predominance of IgG-type were distributed around the cancer cell nests. S-100 protein-positive dendritic cells were not identified. We speculate that the prominent lymphoid stroma including intraepithelial lymphocyte-like T cells with IL-1 receptors is possibly induced by IL-1 related mediators released from the HLA-DR-positive gastric cancer cells of the (pseudo)pyloric gland-type.
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PMID:Gastric carcinoma with lymphoid stroma. Analysis using mucin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry. 249 3

Cancer grows in interaction with the host, that is, a host-tumor relationship exists. Investigations of host factors in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy are important, as they reveal the conditions in which a tumor response can develop. Furthermore, reliable host factors, if present, will be useful for quantitative evaluation of the effects of treatment. We have investigated the following three categories of host factors in relation to the effects of cancer chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. CBC, and blood chemistries (44 parameters). Tumor markers; sialic acid, RNase, lysozyme, ferritin, IAP (immunosuppressive acidic protein), elastase I, AFP, CEA, POA, CA 19-9, CA 125, etc. Immunological parameters; lymphocyte, active T cell, T cell, B cell, IgG Fc receptor-positive T cell, lymphocyte blastogenesis stimulated by PHA, or concanavalin-A, ADCC activity, interferon production in vitro induced by poly I: C, or PHA, PPD skin test, immune complex, immunoglobulin G, A, and M, OKT series 3, 4, 8, 11, 4/8 ratio, antihuman HLA-DR, Leu 11, NK cell activity, etc. From our clinical observations, there were no significant differences in the pretreatment levels of these parameters between responders and non-responders. In responders, there was a tendency for the host factors to show greater degrees of improvement following treatment than in non-responders, but none proved to be reasonably reliable parameters for evaluating therapeutic effects. On the other hand, from our clinical observations on the advanced gastric cancer cases, life span showed a close correlation with tumor regression induced by cancer chemotherapy. Because of these facts, it is only natural that the clinical effects of chemotherapy are currently determined by definite tumor regression.
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PMID:[Host factors in cancer chemotherapy]. 372 33

A total of 171 gastric carcinomas comprising 69 advanced cancers and 102 early cancers were examined immunohistochemically for lysozyme. Tumour cells containing lysozyme were detected in 65 cases or 38% of the 171 gastric cancer cases. The incidence of these cells did not differ remarkably by histological type and infiltrative growth of gastric carcinoma. Of the foregoing 65 cases, two well-differentiated adenocarcinomas and three signet ring cell carcinomas had numerous lysozyme-containing tumour cells, 13 had many argentaffin or argyrophil cells, and 40 had various amounts of several types of mucin. In addition, tumour cells containing both lysozyme and mucin could be identified. No correlation could be observed between lysozyme immunoreactivity in the tumour cells and cellular infiltration of granulocytes or macrophages around the tumour. The lysozyme appeared to be produced by tumour cells. The two year survival rates indicate a tendency for advanced gastric cancers containing lysozyme to have a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Lysozyme in human gastric carcinoma: a retrospective immunohistochemical study. 674 39

Class III mucin, identified by paradoxical concanavalin A staining, is confined to gastric gland mucous cells and is an essential component of the gastric surface mucous gel layer. The pretreatment required has hampered the application of this method to electron microscopic studies. Antibody HIK1083 reacts selectively with class III mucins. The present study was undertaken to explore, electron microscopically, the immunoreactivity of the human stomach to HIK1083. We examined normal mucosa from resected human stomachs (five cases; formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded) and gastric biopsy specimens from patients with early gastric cancer [nine cases; glutaraldehyde- and osmium-fixed, epoxy-embedded (seven cases) and half-strength Karnovsky's solution-fixed, Lowicryl K4M-embedded (two cases)]. Immunostaining with HIK1083 and anti-lysozyme antibody was examined under light and electron microscopes. Gland mucous cells were labeled with HIK1083, and lysozyme was detected in some gland mucous cells and surface mucous cells. Electron microscopically, the secretory granules of gland mucous cells contained a single electron-dense core. HIK1083-positive mucins and lysozyme coexisted in the secretory granules of gastric gland mucous cells. HIK1083-reactive mucins and lysozyme were distributed in the matrix and in the dense core of these secretory granules, respectively. HIK1083 can be used for electron immunohistochemistry.
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PMID:Coexistence of gland mucous cell-type mucin and lysozyme in gastric gland mucous cells. 1076 61

AIM:To study the distribution of arylsulfatase,beta-galactosidase and lysozyme in gastric cancer cells, and its relationship to differentiation and invasion of gastric cancer cells.METHODS: Histochemical, immunohistochemical and ruthenium red (RR) electrocytochemical technique for three types of hydrolases and proteoglycans in pericancerous matrix in 33 cases of gastric cancer were observed under light and electron microscopy.RESULTS:The expression intensities of arylsulfatase,beta-glactosidase and lysozyme in mucinous cell carcinomas were more intensive than those in well-differentiated and poorly-differentiated adenocar-cinomas (P < 0.05-0.01). The fibrous tissues smooth muscle and proteoglycans close to the cancer cells were degraded. They were found in the region far from the cancer cells. Expression of three enzymes mentioned above was low in adenocarcinoma cells, and fibrous tissues and RR granules were present and intact near the well-differentiated and poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma cells.CONCLUSION: Mucinous cell carcinoma may release various hydrolases into extra-cellular matrix, inducing degradation of pericancerous matrix and facilitating cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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PMID:Arylsulfatase, betagalactosidase and lysozyme in gastric cancer cells and its relationship to invasion. 1181 31


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