Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.17 (lysozyme)
21,489 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The synthesis of new conjugates with inhibitory action on tumour growth is investigated by linking amino functions of proteins compounds (lysozyme and alpha s-casein) through an amide linkage at the carboxylic function of nitrogen mustards (chlorambucil and melphalan). The polychlorambucil amides of lysozyme and alpha s-casein derivatives prepared showed experimental antitumour activity when these conjugates were screened against the experimental P388 leukemia. In the case of the conjugates lysozyme-melphalan, an antitumour activity is observed when the amino function of the drug is combined with the carboxylic functions of the protein contrary to the situation of the free amino function of the drug described into the literature.
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PMID:[Hemisynthesis of antineoplastic conjugates with nitrogen-mustard proteins]. 240 50

Cytochemical investigation of leukemic promyelocytes from 25 cases of acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) disclosed two major cellular differentiation categories: (1) the pure neutrophilic (N) type (16 cases) with strong myeloperoxidase (MPO) and naphthol-ASD chloroacetate esterase (Es-chl), but lacking the monocytic enzyme NaF-sensitive alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase (Es-b), and (2) the mixed neutrophilic/monocytoid (N/M) type (seven cases) with strong Es-b as well as strong MPO, all cases exhibiting Es-dual (Es-b + Es-chl) positive cells. Two more cases with unusual phenotypes were noted: one with intense lysozyme activity but without Es-b and the other with toluidine blue-methachromasia and negative MPO. Promyelocytes from the control group, consisting of nine cases of t(8;21) M2 AML and ten cases with normal bone marrow, lacked such cytochemical heterogeneity. HL-60, an M3 cell line that can be induced to differentiate toward monocytic lineage in vitro, was almost negative for Es-b in the uninduced condition. Cytogenetically, eight cases of N type and five of N/M type had the t(15;17) abnormality. Thus at least two differentiation patterns were observed in M3 leukemia with fidelity (N type) and infidelity (N/M type) for normal granulocytic differentiation. In this series, there was no statistically significant difference in clinical features (remission rate and survival) between the two types. Our study suggests that the development of M3 leukemia is not exclusively restricted to the neutrophilic pathway, but more heterogeneously related to myelomonocytic differentiation.
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PMID:Cytochemistry of acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3): leukemic promyelocytes exhibit heterogeneous patterns in cellular differentiation. 241 66

A 12-year old boy was admitted to Saitama Children's Medical Center because of fever and epistaxis. He had leukocytosis (WBC 40,800/microliters, blast 75%), anemia, thrombocytopenia and high levels of serum LDH, lysozyme, Vitamin B12, and plasma histamine. Bone marrow aspiration revealed hypercellular marrow with 31.2% blasts, 15.2% eosinophils, and 14.2% basophils. Blasts had Auer rods and were positive for peroxidase and negative for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase and PAS stainings. Ia, CD13 (My7), and CD19 (B4) antigens were expressed on his leukemic cells. Chromosomal study showed 46, XY, t(7;8) (q35;q22), del(9) (q13q22). Southern blot analysis using immunoglobulin constant region (C) probes revealed germline patterns of C mu, C kappa, C lambda, and breakpoint cluster region. A diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMMoL, M4) was made. He attained a complete remission with daunorubicin and cytarabine, and 6 months later he received bone marrow transplantation from HLA-identical sister. This case had the common breakpoint 8q22 with ANLL with t(8;21) (q22;q22), and was unique AMMoL with proliferation of eosinophils and basophils in bone marrow.
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PMID:[Acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M4) with CD19 antigen expression, eosinophilia and basophilia in bone marrow]. 247 65

A 21-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of anorexia and general malaise in July, 1988. On admission, the white blood cell count of 18,600/microliters with 72% leukemic cells. The bone marrow aspirate showed 76.8% immature monocytes, 10% mature and immature eosinophils. Leukemic cells were 66.6% myeloperoxidase positive cells, and 20.6% naphthylbutyrate esterase positive cells. The lysozyme activity in urine was high. Cytogenetic analysis revealed the presence of 46 XY inv (16) (p13 q22). Under the diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia with eosinophilia (M4Eo) associated with inv (16) (p13 q22), one course of DCMP induction therapy was performed. After complete remission, the bone marrow aspirate showed disappearance of inv (16) (p13 q22), and associated with decreased residual leukemic cells.
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PMID:[Acute myelomonocytic leukemia with inv (16) (p13 q22) disappeared abnormal karyotype during complete remission]. 262

Leukaemic promyelocytes from 30 cases of hypergranular and 14 cases of hypogranular acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3) were analysed for the presence of monocyte-associated characteristics to determine whether there was any evidence of mixed (hybrid) granulocytic-monocytic differentiation. Cytochemically, a high proportion of hypergranular cases showed significant alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) staining and simultaneous chloroacetate esterase, and ANAE expression by single cells was commonly seen. These atypical staining patterns were, however, not a feature of hypogranular cases. Immunophenotypic studies revealed that most hypergranular M3 cases were HLA-DR- and that monocyte-associated membrane CD14 expression was low in all cases tested. In addition, serum lysozyme concentrations (20 cases) were generally within the normal range and thus inconsistent with monocytic involvement in the leukaemic process. The significance of atypical ANAE staining of leukaemic promyelocytes was further examined by analysing ANAE isoenzyme components (defined by isoelectric focusing) in 11 cases. The patterns obtained (G1 and G2) were identical to those found in normal granulocytes and did not show any evidence of monocyte-associated esterase isoenzyme expression. On the basis of these findings, it is considered that the differentiation process in acute promyelocytic leukaemia is relatively well conserved and that the atypical esterase cytochemistry of hypergranular promyelocytes does not reflect their mixed lineage nature but is simply a consequence of increased granulation.
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PMID:Immunophenotypic and enzymatic studies do not support the concept of mixed monocytic-granulocytic differentiation in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3): a study of 44 cases. 265 8

Expression of the proto-oncogene p93c-fes and its associated tyrosine kinase activity is marked in mature granulocytes, monocytes, differentiated HL-60 leukemia cells, and leukemia cell lines KG-1, THP-1, HEL, and U-937, which can be induced to differentiate along the granulocyte/monocyte pathway. Conversely, p93-c-fes expression is absent in the K562 cell line, which is resistant to myeloid differentiation. Upon transfection and clonal selection of K562 cells using a mammalian expression vector containing the 13-kilobase pair c-fes gene, c-fes mRNA was transcribed and p93-c-fes tyrosine activity kinase was expressed. Clones expressing c-fes underwent myeloid differentiation as assessed by the appearance of phagocytic activity, Fc receptors, nitro blue tetrazolium reduction, Mac-1 immunofluorescence, and lysozyme production. These results indicate that the expression of the c-fes protooncogene and its associated tyrosine kinase activity plays a major role in the initiation of myeloid differentiation.
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PMID:K562 leukemia cells transfected with the human c-fes gene acquire the ability to undergo myeloid differentiation. 265 6

A 71-year old male was admitted to our hospital because of general malaise and fever. Peripheral blood showed Hb 8.1 g/dl, platelet 7.0 X 10(4)/microliters, and WBC 18.100/microliters with 64% leukemic cells. Bone marrow showed normocellularity with 73.4% leukemic cells. They were positive for peroxidase and alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase stainings. Serum and urine lysozyme levels were elevated. He was diagnosed as having acute myelomonocytic leukemia (M 4 in FAB classification). Chromosome analysis of bone marrow cells showed 45, XY, -17, t (9; 17) (q22; p13) and double minute chromosomes (DMs) were observed in the 50 cells analyzed. A complete remission (CR) was obtained by DCMP regimen, but he relapsed as acute monocytic leukemia (M 5 b in FAB classification) and died 5 months after diagnosis. DMs appear to be rare in acute leukemia and the clinical and etiologic implications of DMs are discussed.
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PMID:[Double minute chromosomes (DMs) in a case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia]. 279 99

A cloned, virus-producing, tumorigenic, promonocytic leukemia cell line, AC8, derived from an Abelson murine leukemia virus-infected mouse can differentiate in vitro. Differentiated cells, purified from a population containing undifferentiated cells on the basis of expression of the macrophage differentiation antigens Mac-1 (C3 receptor) and F4/80, were phagocytic, produced lysozyme, were less tumorigenic, and had a reduced replicative capacity compared with undifferentiated cells. Differentiated cells produced less infectious Abelson virus than undifferentiation. Cloning studies indicated that differentiation was the cause rather than the effect of reduced Abelson virus production. However, the intracellular amount and the tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity of the Abelson virus oncogene product, P120v-abl, were not affected by differentiation of the leukemic cells. Thus, these results show that Abelson virus-transformed myeloid lineage cells can differentiate without expression of the viral oncogene product being affected, which implies, in turn, that P120v-abl expression is not sufficient for maintaining transformation by blocking differentiation.
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PMID:Viral oncogene expression during differentiation of Abelson virus-infected murine promonocytic leukemia cells. 283 50

Lysozyme in the urine in concentrations greater than 3 micrograms per milligram of creatinine reflects renal tubular disease or dysfunction in patients without bowel disease or leukemia. We therefore used urine lysozyme assays to assess renal response to percutaneous nephrostomy and stone removal in 42 patients. Eight patients had striking increases (4.2-21.1 [mean 7.58] micrograms/mg creatinine) immediately after nephrostomy puncture in urine obtained directly from the punctured kidney. Lysozyme declined sharply thereafter and was within normal limits in all cases by postoperative day 3. This increase appeared to result from bleeding into the urine from the tract. Five other patients had lysozymuria on admission, only 1 of whom had a sharp increase after nephrostomy puncture. In the remaining patients, the lysozyme levels remained within normal limits throughout the hospital course. These data are further evidence of the absence of significant deleterious effects of nephrostomy puncture on the kidney.
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PMID:Impact of percutaneous renal stone removal on renal function: assessment by urinary lysozyme activity. 292 62

Bone-marrow regeneration after chemo- and radiotherapy-induced aplasia can be monitored by serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), lysozyme (LYS) and lactoferrin (LF). In 10 patients with leukemia, serum measurements were performed before and after bone-marrow transplantation. Bone-marrow regeneration was suggested by increments in serum MPO and LYS 5 and 4 days prior to the increase in mononuclear cells (Mono) and 10 and 9 d before the increase in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the peripheral blood. LF started to rise 4.5 d before detectable circulating PMNs. 2 patients with early relapses of leukemia post transplantation are shown to display atypical patterns of serum MPO and LYS. We conclude that serum measurements of MPO, LYS and LF may be used as early and sensitive means to monitor bone-marrow activity during hematological regeneration. However, the findings also strongly support the earlier proposal that MPO alone may be used to reflect myeloid activity in the bone-marrow in general.
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PMID:Myeloid regeneration after bone-marrow transplantation monitored by serum measurements of myeloperoxidase, lysozyme and lactoferrin. 303 2


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